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Onogawa Kisaburō (Japanese: 小野川喜三郎, 1758 – April 30, 1806) was a Japanese sumo wrestler from Ōtsu, Ōmi Province (now Shiga Prefecture). He was the sport's 5th yokozuna. Along with Tanikaze, Onogawa was the first to be given a yokozuna licence during his lifetime. He is described as a leading figure of sumo during the Kansei era.[1]
| Onogawa Kisaburō | |
|---|---|
| 小野川喜三郎 | |
 19th-century woodblock print of Onogawa (left) | |
| Personal information | |
| Born | 川村 喜三郎 Kawamura Kisaburō 1758 Ōmi Province, Japan |
| Died | April 30, 1806 (aged 48) |
| Height | 1.76 m (5 ft 9 in) |
| Weight | 116 kg (256 lb) |
| Career | |
| Stable | Kusazuri → Onogawa |
| Record | 144-13-40 4draws-10holds-3no results (Makuuchi) |
| Debut | October, 1779 |
| Highest rank | Yokozuna (November, 1789) |
| Retired | October, 1798 |
| Elder name | Onogawa |
| Championships | 7 (Makuuchi, unofficial) |
| * Up to date as of October 2007. | |
His real name was Kawamura Kisaburō (川村 喜三郎). When he was 14 years old, he became a pupil of Kusazuri Iwanosuke (草摺岩之助) in Osaka-sumo, and took the shikona, or ring name, Sagamigawa (相模川).[2] The following year, he was adopted by his master, Onogawa Saisuke (小野川才助), and stepped in the ring for the first time in May of 1772.[1] He later changed his ring name to Onogawa Kisaburō (小野川喜三郎) and moved to Edo-sumo in 1779. Onogawa was promoted to the top makuuchi division in March 1781 and began to wrestle for the Kurume Domain.[2] In February 1782, he defeated ōzeki Tanikaze. The victory surprised people in Edo as it brought to an end Tanikaze's 63 consecutive victories, after four years and seven unbeaten seasons in Edo.[1] Since then, the match between Tanikaze and Onogawa has been passed down in the annals of the sumo's history as one of the greatest matches of all time.[3] Onogawa became a rival of Tanikaze and was popular with the public, although in reality he was quite far behind his rival and won only seven tournament titles to Tanikaze's 21.[4]
In November 1789, the Yoshida family certified both Onogawa and Tanikaze as yokozuna in a ceremony which was also featured the introduction of the yokozuna dohyō-iri ceremony and the first appearance of the yokozuna 's belt. At the time however, the belt was closer to a shimenawa rope than the current tsuna.[5] Onogawa was however past his prime and did not participate in many tournaments anymore. He broke his shoulder during training in March 1794, and his retirement was hastened by the sudden death of Tanikaze.[1] After Tanikaze's death, Onogawa refused to wrestle ōzeki Raiden Tameimon, who was Tanikaze's apprentice. His withdrawal led to a period of dominance where Raiden had no rivals.[4] Onogawa's popularity waned without any opportunities to be seen in the ring and he retired in October 1797.[1] Onogawa won 91.7% of his bouts, winning 144 times and losing only 13 times. The next yokozuna, Ōnomatsu, was not appointed for another thirty years.[5]
Some sources say that after retirement he returned to Osaka and opened a teahouse in Haramachi (now Kawachinagano, Osaka Prefecture), which became prosperous. A more likely source wants him to have stayed as an elder in Edo under his ring name.[1] He died on March 12, 1806. His grave is in the premises of the Enjōin temple in Tennōji, Osaka.[6]
A popular story holds that Onogawa studied jujutsu with renowned Kyūshin Ryū Sōke Inugami Gunbei after being thrown down twice in a casual match with that master outside a teahouse.[7]
Another story tells that, after Onogawa became an official rikishi of the lord of the Kurume domain, he exterminated the ghosts that plagued the lord's domain at night by his boldness, as depicted in an ukiyo-e woodblock print produced by Yoshitoshi in his series on the 'One Hundred Ghost Stories of China and Japan'.[2][8]
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Onogawa was much shorter than Tanikaze at only 1.76 m (5 ft 9+1⁄2 in) but he had a speedy, crowd pleasing sumo style which helped him overcome his small physique.[4] Onogawa is often depicted as good at standing his ground, careful and seamless.[1]
Onogawa makes an appearance in the Record of Ragnarok manga series, where he cheers on Raiden during his fight.
- The actual time the tournaments were held during the year in this period often varied.
| - | Spring | Winter | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1781 | East Maegashira #3 5–1–3 1h |
East Jūryō #5 6–2 |
||||
| 1782 | East Jūryō #3 5–1 |
East Maegashira #4 7–1–1 1d |
||||
| 1783 | East Maegashira #4 5–0–3 1h 1nr |
East Maegashira #2 6–0–2 1d 1h |
||||
| 1784 | East Komusubi 6–2 2h |
East Sekiwake 9–0–1 Unofficial |
||||
| 1785 | Not held | Not held | ||||
| 1786 | Unenrolled | East Sekiwake 7–0–3 Unofficial |
||||
| 1787 | Called off due to bad harvest | East Sekiwake 7–1–2 |
||||
| 1788 | East Sekiwake 7–2–1 |
East Sekiwake 7–1–1 1h |
||||
| 1789 | East Sekiwake 10–0 Unofficial |
East Sekiwake 8–0 1d 1h Unofficial |
||||
| 1790 | East Ōzeki 8–0 1nr Unofficial |
East Ōzeki 6–1–2 1h |
||||
| 1791 | East Ōzeki 8–0–1 1nr Unofficial |
East Ōzeki 8–0–1 1h Unofficial |
||||
| 1792 | Unenrolled | Unenrolled | ||||
| 1793 | Unenrolled | East Ōzeki 8–1 1d |
||||
| 1794 | East Ōzeki 3–0–7 |
Sat out | ||||
| 1795 | East Ōzeki 4–0–1 |
Unenrolled | ||||
| 1796 | Unenrolled | East Ōzeki 7–2–1 |
||||
| 1797 | Unenrolled | East Ōzeki Retired 8–1–1 |
||||
| Record given as win-loss-absent Top Division Champion Retired Lower Divisions Key: d=Draw(s) (引分); h=Hold(s) (預り); nr=no result recorded Yokozuna (not ranked as such on banzuke until 1890) Ōzeki — Sekiwake — Komusubi — Maegashira | ||||||
*Championships for the best record in a tournament were not recognized or awarded before the 1909 summer tournament, and the unofficial championships above are historically conferred. For more information, see yūshō.
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