Octadecatrienoic acid

Not to be confused with Octadecatetraenoic acid.

An octadecatrienoic acid is a chemical compound with formula C
₁₈H
₃₀O
₂, a polyunsaturated fatty acid whose molecule has an 18-carbon unbranched backbone with three double bonds.

(9Z,11E,13E)-Octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid (α-eleostearic acid)

The name refers to many different structural and configurational isomers, that differ in the position of the double bonds along the backbone and on whether they are in cis (Z) or trans (E) configuration. Some isomers have considerable biological, pharmaceutical, or industrial importance, such as:

• α-Linolenic acid (9Z,12Z,15Z), found in many cooking oils
• γ-Linolenic acid (6Z,9Z,12Z), found in the evening primrose (Oenothera biennis)
• Pinolenic acid (5Z,9Z,12Z), found in the seeds of pines (Pinus species)
• Columbinic acid (5E,9Z,12Z), found in Thalictrum seed oils
• α-Eleostearic acid (9Z,11E,13E), the main component of tung oil, produced from the nuts of tung tree (Vernicia fordii)
• β-Eleostearic acid (9E,11E,13E)
• Catalpic acid (9E,11E,13Z), found in the seeds of yellow catalpa (Catalpa ovata) and southern catalpa (Catalpa bignonioides)
• Punicic acid (9Z,11E,13Z), found in pomegranate (Punica granatum) seed oil
• α-Calendic acid (8E,10E,12Z), found in the pot marigold (Calendula officinalis)
• β-Calendic acid (8E,10E,12E), found in the pot marigold (Calendula officinalis) in small or trace amounts, less than 2% of total lipids^[1]
• Jacaric acid (8Z,10E,12Z), found in the blue jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia)

References

1. Dulf FV, Pamfil D, Baciu AD, Pintea A (2013). "Fatty acid composition of lipids in pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) seed genotypes". Chemistry Central Journal. 7 (8): 8. doi:10.1186/1752-153X-7-8. PMC 3560196. PMID 23327299.