OTI Festival 1974

OTI Festival 1974 was the third edition of the annual OTI Festival. It was held in Acapulco, Mexico, following the country's victory at the 1973 contest with the song "Que alegre va María" by Imelda Miller. Organised by the Organización de Televisión Iberoamericana (OTI) and host broadcaster Televisa, the contest was held at the Ruiz de Alarcón Theatre on Saturday 26 October 1974 and was hosted by Raul Velasco and Lolita Ayala.

OTI Festival 1974
Dates
Final	26 October 1974 (1974-10-26)
Host
Venue	Teatro Ruiz de Alarcón Acapulco, Mexico
Presenter(s)	Raul Velasco Lolita Ayala
Musical director	Jesús Rodriguez de Hijar
Host broadcaster	Televisa
Participants
Number of entries	19
Debuting countries	Nicaragua  Honduras  El Salvador  Ecuador  Guatemala  Netherlands Antilles  United States
Non-returning countries	Argentina  Portugal
Vote
Voting system	Each country had 3 jurors and each of them voted for their favourite entry.
Winning song	Puerto Rico Nydia Caro: Hoy sólo canto por cantar (Today I just sing for singing)
1973 ← OTI Festival → 1975

This festival was marked by the debut of seven countries, which led to a sudden rise in the number of participating entries. The winner was Puerto Rico with the song "Hoy canto por cantar", performed by Nydia Caro.

Background

According to the original rules of the OTI Festival, the winning country would organize and host the festival the following year. In this case, Mexico and its representative, Imelda Miller, were the winners of the event in 1973. This meant that Televisa, the Mexican national broadcaster, had to organize the subsequent edition.

After a committee discussion held between the top executives of Televisa, it was decided that the host city would not be Mexico City, as was previously planned; instead, it would be the southern touristic city of Acapulco, which is located on the Pacific coast of the Mexican state of Guerrero.

Venue

The Ruiz de Alacon Theatre was the host place of the OTI Festival in 1974.

Televisa decided that the third edition of the OTI Festival would be held in the Ruiz de Alarcón Theatre in Acapulco. The coastal city, known for its beaches, already had previous experience hosting musical events. Back in 1969 and 1970, the town had already hosted the "Festival Mundial de la Canción Latina" (Worldwide Latin Music Festival), which is considered the closest antecedent of the OTI Festival.^[1]

The Ruiz de Alarcon Theatre of Acapulco was a very modern building that was started in 1969 and finished in 1973, a few months before the theatre was chosen as the OTI Festival venue. The mayorship of the city had decided to build the cultural building because the main theatre of the city was too small to host an event which had a rapidly growing popularity. The theatre, which turned into the host place of the Philharmonic Orchestra of Acapulco, had a seating capacity of over 2000 people, a similar figure to the seating capacity of the previous venue of the festival.

Participating countries

The number of participating countries experienced a sudden rise from 14 to 19 countries. As with the previous editions, both the state-financed and the privately funded TV and radio stations that were members of OTI (Iberoamerican Television Organisation) participated in the event, sending their entrant and competing song.

Among the debuting countries that sent a delegation to Acapulco were most of the Central American ones: Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, and Nicaragua. Another debuting country was Ecuador, which was one of the few remaining South American countries that didn't make its debut at the inaugural edition of the festival.

That year, the OTI Festival started expanding out of the traditional Latin American sphere. This was proved with the debut of Univision, the biggest Spanish-speaking TV channel in the United States, and the Netherlands Antilles, which, although not a Spanish- or Portuguese-speaking country, has cultural ties with Latin America, particularly Venezuela.

However, for the first time, two previously participating nations decided to withdraw from the event. Portugal and Argentina were, for the first time, absent from the event, although their broadcasters would rejoin the festival in the following years.

Participating performers

The participation of José Luis Rodríguez, also known as "El Puma", representing his country Venezuela, should be taken into account. Although the singer didn't win the contest, his participation was acclaimed and he experienced a significant increase in popularity to the point that he became a symbol of Latin American pop music.^[2]

Another important performer was the Nicaraguan Hernaldo Zúñiga, who was already building a successful and recognized career as a singer-songwriter in his debuting home country.^[3]

The Chilean José Alfredo Fuentes, who had been selected in a national final, also made a significant contribution to the third edition of the festival. He was, and still is, one of the most prominent singers of his country. He would return to the event two years later.

The participation of the Dominican singer Charytín Goyco, who represented her home country in this third edition, is also important. She managed to get an honorable position for her country with a self-composed song.

Mexico, the host country, elected its representing performer Enrique Cáceres, with his song "Quijote," through its enormously popular national final, the "National OTI Contest".

Presenters

Lolita Ayala was one of the two presenters of the third edition of the OTI Festival.

The ceremony was opened by Imelda Miller, who was the previous year's winner and who sung her song "Que alegre va María" (How happy María goes).

As with the previous year in Belo Horizonte and at the inaugural OTI Festival in Madrid, the event was presented by two presenters: Raúl Velasco and Lolita Ayala, who are both well-known media personalities in Mexico.

As usual, the presenters made a brief introduction to the show by highlighting the main goals of the OTI as an organization and of the OTI Festival as a musical competition which was to foster musical and cultural ties between the Spanish-speaking and Portuguese-speaking countries. The introductory speech, in which the voting process was also explained, was given both in Spanish and Portuguese.

After that, both presenters introduced the performers and their countries shortly before they took the stage, and after the performance round was over, they contacted, by telephone, the TV studios of the participating broadcasters to ascertain the decision of the judges.

Running order

The running order of the performances was decided, just like the previous year, by a draw that was organised by Televisa in collaboration with the Iberoamerian television Organisation (OTI) a few days before the start of the festival.

The performance round was started by Dominican Republic. The Caribbean island was represented by Charytín Goyco and her song "Alexandra".

The host country, which was Mexico, represented by Enrique Cáceres, appeared thirteenth on stage, while the performance round was closed by the Venezuelan entrant José Luis Rodríguez with the song "Vuélvete" (Return).

As with previous years, almost all the songs that participated in the festival were sung in Spanish. This year, mainly because of the absence of Portugal, only one song was performed in Portuguese, the Brazilian entry.

#	Country	Artist	Song	Language
1	Dominican Republic	Charytín Goyco	Alexandra	Spanish
2	Spain	Lía Uyá	Lapicero de madera (Wooden pencil)	Spanish
3	Bolivia	Jenny	Los muros (The walls)	Spanish
4	Guatemala	Tania Zea	Yo soy (I am)	Spanish
5	Uruguay	María Elisa	La montaña de la vida (The mountain of life)	Spanish
6	United States	Rosita Perú	Pero... mi tierra (But... my homeland)	Spanish
7	Honduras	Moisés Canelo	Río viejo, río amigo (Old river, friend river)	Spanish
8	Netherlands Antilles	Humberto Nivi	Quédate (Stay)	Spanish
9	Panama	Marcos Rodríguez	La tierra es de todos (The land belongs to everyone)	Spanish
10	El Salvador	Félix López	Todo será de nosotros (Everything will be ours)	Spanish
11	Ecuador	Hilda Murillo	Las tres mariposas (The three butterflies)	Spanish
12	Brazil	Agnaldo Rayol	Porque? (Why?)	Portuguese
13	Mexico	Enrique Cáceres	Quijote	Spanish
14	Chile	José Alfredo Fuentes	Amor... volveré (Love... I shall return)	Spanish
15	Nicaragua	Hernaldo Zúñiga	Gaviota (Seagull)	Spanish
16	Puerto Rico	Nydia Caro	Hoy canto por cantar (Today I just sing for singing)	Spanish
17	Peru	Cesar Altamirano	Mujer primera (First woman)	Spanish
18	Colombia	Isadora	Porque soy la mujer esperaré (Because I'm the wife I shall wait)	Spanish
19	Venezuela	José Luis Rodríguez	Vuélvete (Return yourself)	Spanish

Voting system

Although the voting system followed the same dynamics of the previous years, with national juries from all the nineteen participating countries, this time the voting process was slightly modified. Due to the sudden increase in the number of participating countries and the considerably longer performance round as a result, the OTI members decided to make the voting process more quick and agile. Thus, this time, the number of professional jurors of each of the participating countries was reduced from five to three.

The national juries were contacted by Televisa, the host broadcaster, from Acapulco in order to know their final decision. Each one of the three national jurors voted only for their favourite song and the winning entry was the one which had more points at the end of the process. All the participating broadcasters gave their votes by telephone, this time without technical issues.

Result

Unlike the previous year, in which there was a tie between two entries, which led to the improvisation of a super-final, this year, the winning song was known by the exact end of the voting process.

Nydia Caro, who represented the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico, with her song "Hoy canto por cantar", allowed the country to win for the first time with 18 points, four points ahead of the Guatemalan performer Tania Zea, who placed second.^[4]

The third place was for José Luis Rodríguez, with his equally warmly received song "Vuélvete".

Two countries were tied for last place, Brazil with Agnaldo Rayol and his song "Porque?" and Peru, with Cesar Altamirano and his song "Mujer Primera". Both performers got zero points from the national juries, which makes this year the first one in which one or more participating countries get no points.

Mexico, the host country, and its representative Enrique Cáceres, ended in an honorable tenth place.

As usual, the winning performer, Nydia Caro, was invited to take the stage again and perform her song.

#	Country	Artist	Song	Place	Points
1	Dominican Republic	Charytín Goyco	Alexandra	5	7
2	Spain	Lía Uyá	Lapicero de madera	4	9
3	Bolivia	Jenny	Los muros	14	2
4	Guatemala	Tania Zea	Yo soy	2	14
5	Uruguay	María Elisa	La montaña de la vida	7	4
6	United States	Rosita Peru	Pero...mi tierra	15	1
7	Honduras	Moisés Canelo	Río viejo, río amigo	10	3
8	Netherlands Antilles	Humberto Nivi	Quédate	10	3
9	Panama	Marcos Rodríguez	La tierra es de todos	15	1
10	El Salvador	Félix López	Todo será de nosotros	10	3
11	Ecuador	Hilda Murillo	Las tres mariposas	5	7
12	Brazil	Agnaldo Rayol	Porque	18	0
13	Mexico	Enrique Cáceres	Quijote	10	3
14	Chile	José Alfredo Fuentes	Amor, volveré	7	4
15	Nicaragua	Hernaldo Zúñiga	Gaviota	7	4
16	Puerto Rico	Nydia Caro	Hoy canto por cantar	1	18
17	Peru	César Altamirano	Mujer primera	18	0
18	Colombia	Isadora	Porque soy la mujer, esperé	15	1
19	Venezuela	José Luis Rodríguez	Vuélvete	3	11

Audience and impact

The festival maintained the viewing figures of the previous year with 200 million viewers and Mexico was, again, thanks to its national final, the country where the number of viewers was higher, to the point that Acapulco, the host city, and the whole country was at a standstill due to the enormous interest shown by the public.

The victory of Puerto Rico in the festival was completely unexpected and controversial. The lyrics of the song were against the popular protest songs that filled the Latin American airwaves. That song criticized the protest songs for being repetitive and for not offering real solutions to the problems that many Latin Americans had to suffer every day.^[5]

Nydia Caro, after her victory, was given a hero's welcome upon her arrival to San Juan and was received by a huge crowd of people at the airport. Regardless of the controversial message of her song, her entry became an enormous hit in all of Latin America and launched the international career of the singer.

The song of the third-placed singer, "Vuélvete" (Return) by José Luis Rodriguez, also became a hit both in Latin America and Spain. Since then, his career has also experienced a rise to the point that he has become one of the biggest names in the Latin music industry.

References

1. "1974.- ACAPULCO". La OTI. Retrieved 2017-12-04.
2. Giovanni, José. ""El Puma"José Luis Rodriguez". "EL POLIFACÉTICO". Retrieved 2017-12-04.
3. "Hernaldo Zúñiga. Artículo de la Enciclopedia". enciclopedia.us.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2017-12-04.
4. "Nydia Caro celebrará 40 aniversario de su victoria en el Festival de la OTI". www.efe.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2017-12-04.
5. "Nydia Caro tenía todas las de perder el Festival OTI de 1974, pero ganó". Fox News Latino. 2015-05-05. Retrieved 2017-12-04.