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Nuclear power generates about a third of electricity in Bulgaria. Bulgaria's first commercial nuclear reactor began operation in 1974.[1] The Kozloduy NPP operates two pressurized water reactors with a total output of 1906 MW. This makes Bulgaria the 21st-largest user of nuclear power in the world. Construction of the Belene Nuclear Power Plant was officially terminated in March 2012, and a thermal powerplant was supposed to be built on the site.[2] Efforts in May 2018 to restart the Belene project were unsuccessful. As of 2022[update], Bulgaria plans to construct new reactors at the existing Kozloduy site,[3] and at Belene.[4]
Bulgaria has the Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant with two pressurized water reactors (together 2000 MW net). Four old and unsafe VVER-440/230 reactors (4 x 408 MW net) were taken off-line in 2004 and 2007). The two active reactors cover almost half of Bulgaria's electricity demand.[5]
Bulgaria has a state agency in charge of radioactive waste disposal. Under a 2002 agreement, Bulgaria pays Russia $620 thousand/ton to reprocess spent fuel. The country also spent €49 million to construct a new storage facility and had plans to build another facility by 2015[6] but it didn't happen as predicted.
| Plant name |
Unit No. |
Type | Model | Status | Capacity (MW) |
Begin building |
Commercial operation |
Closed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kozloduy | 1 | PWR | VVER-440/V-230 | Shut down | 408 | 1 Apr 1970 | 28 Oct 1974 | 31 Dec 2002 |
| 2 | PWR | VVER-440/V-230 | Shut down | 408 | 1 Apr 1970 | 10 Nov 1975 | 31 Dec 2002 | |
| 3 | PWR | VVER-440/V-230 | Shut down | 408 | 1 Oct 1973 | 20 Jan 1981 | 31 Dec 2006 | |
| 4 | PWR | VVER-440/V-230 | Shut down | 408 | 1 Oct 1973 | 20 Jun 1982 | 31 Dec 2006 | |
| 5 | PWR | VVER-1000/V-320 | Operational | 1003 | 9 Jul 1980 | 23 Dec 1988 | ||
| 6 | PWR | VVER-1000/V-320 | Operational | 1003 | 1 Apr 1982 | 30 Dec 1993 | ||
| 7 | PWR | AP1000 | Planned[7] | 1150 | (2033)[7] | |||
| 8 | PWR | AP1000 | Planned[7] | 1150 | ||||
| Belene | 1 | PWR | VVER-1000/V-320 VVER-1000/V-446B | Unfinished | 953 1011 | 1987 2008 | ||
| 2 | PWR | VVER-1000/V-320 VVER-1000/V-446B | Unfinished | 953 1011 | 1987 2008 |
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