North coast Portuguese

North coast dialect (Portuguese: dialeto da costa norte, pronounced [dʒiaˈlɛtu da ˈkɔstɐ ˈnɔʁtʃi]), also called Cearense dialect, is a dialect of Portuguese in the Brazilian state of Ceará, having many internal variations, like in the regions Jaguaribe and Sertões (back-countries).

North coast dialect
Dialeto da costa norte
Pronunciation	Portuguese pronunciation: [dʒiaˈlɛtu da ˈkɔstɐ ˈnɔʁtʃi]
Native to	North and northwest of Ceará, north of Piauí and northeast of Maranhão
Native speakers	(undated figure of 8.5 million[citation needed])
Language family	Indo-European Italic Latin Romance Western Ibero-Romance West Iberian Galician-Portuguese Portuguese Vernacular Brazilian North coast dialect
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None
Linguasphere	51-AAA-am
IETF	pt-BR-u-sd-brce[1]
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Main characteristics

• Preference for the pronoun tu instead of você (both meaning "you"), without distinction of formal and informal speech.^[2]
• Opening of pre-tonic vowels [e] and [o] to [ɛ] and [ɔ], but always obeying a rule of vowel harmony.^[3][4]
• Lenition of [ʎ] and [ɲ] to [j], and reduction of syllables that have these phonemes, represented in Portuguese by ⟨lh⟩ and ⟨nh⟩ respectively.^[5]
• Stronger or low "r" sound, depending on their syllabic position (generally strong at the beginning and middle of words, and weak final syllables). Word-finally it is not pronounced.
• Heightening of [e, ẽ] to [i, ĩ] and [o, õ] to [u, ũ].
• Palatalization of fricatives [s, z] to [ʃ, ʒ] when adjacent to letters ⟨t⟩ or ⟨d⟩.
• In Fortaleza and metropolitan area, Ceará North and Ceará Northeast, and close hinterland regions, this group there palatalization phonetic, getting affricates to [d͡ʒi] and [t͡ʃi].
• Stronger "r" is realised as [ɦ], and also debuccalization of phonemes [ʒ, v, z] to [ɦ].^[6]
• Unique vocabulary is present in this dialect, leading many authors to write books of various dictionaries of such expressions.^[7] This, perhaps, is symbolic of the people of Ceará, with their antics and humor. Examples: marminino (indicates surprise or astonishment, admiration), abirobado (something that is crazy).^[8][9]

References

1. "Territory Subdivisions: Brazil". Common Locale Data Repository. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
2. Freire, Gilson Costa (2005). A realização do acusativo e do dativo anafóricos de terceira pessoa na escrita brasileira e lusitana (doctoral thesis) (in Portuguese). Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
3. Lee, Seung Hwa (2006). "Sobre as vogais pré-tônicas no Português Brasileiro" [About Pre-Tonic Vowels in Brazilian Portuguese] (PDF). Estudos Lingüísticos (in Portuguese). XXXV: 166–175. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
4. Lee, Seung-Hwa; Oliveira, Marco A. de. "Variação inter-e intra-dialetal no português brasileiro: um problema para a teoria fonológica" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 23 April 2012 – via www.ich.pucminas.br. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
5. Aragão, Maria do Socorro Silva de. "A despalatalização e conseqüente iotização no falar de Fortaleza" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 November 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2012 – via profala.ufc.br.
6. Aragão, Maria do Socorro Silva de. "A neutralização dos fonemas /v – z - Ζ/ no falar de Fortaleza" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2012 – via profala.ufc.br.
7. Monteiro, José Lemos (1995). "Fontes bibliográficas para o estudo do dialeto cearense". Revista da Academia Cearense da Língua Portuguesa. 9: 68–94.
8. "Avexado Dicionário Cearês". Archived from the original on 18 January 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
9. "Dicionário Cearês Girias Ceará ABC Cearense". dicionarioceares.vilabol.uol.com.br. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2012.