North China Transportation Company

The North China Transportation Company (華北交通株式会社, Japanese: Kahoku Kōtsū kabushiki gaisha, Chinese: Huáběi Jiāotōng Zhūshì Huìshè) was a transportation company in the territory of the collaborationist Provisional Government of the Republic of China during the Japanese occupation.

North China Transportation Company

A bus of the North China Transportation Company (TaHa(タハ)54, Dodge-built bus)
Native name	華北交通株式会社
Romanized name	Japanese Hepburn: Kahoku Kōtsū kabushiki gaisha Chinese pinyin: Huáběi Jiāotōng Zhūshì Huìshè
Company type	Private KK
Industry	Railway, Transportation
Founded	1938
Defunct	1945
Headquarters	Beijing , Provisional Republic of China
Area served	east-central China
Services	Railway transport, Bus transport
Total equity	50 million yen
Number of employees	110,000
Parent	South Manchuria Railway

History

After Japan occupied a large part of northern China during the Sino-Japanese War, it set up a puppet government known as the Provisional Government of the Republic of China. In 1938, the Provisional Government nationalised the various railway and bus companies in its jurisdiction, after which the South Manchuria Railway set up a subsidiary, called the North China Transportation Company, to operate the railways and bus services within the Provisional Government's territory. With its headquarters in Beijing, the NCTC at its peak employed 110,000 people, of which 70% were Chinese. The company was liquidated in 1945 following Japan's defeat in the Pacific War, and the railways were taken over by the China Railway.

Amongst the railway companies that were nationalised were:

• Beining Railway - previously known as the Peking−Mukden Railway; Beijing−Shanhaiguan section only; the Shanhaiguan−Fengtian section was taken over by the Manchukuo National Railway in 1933;
• Jiaoji Railway;
• Jinghan Railway;
• Jingsui Railway - Beijing−Guisui (Hohhot), now part of the Beijing–Baotou Railway;
• Longhai Railway;
• Tongpu Railway - originally narrow gauge, but soon converted to standard gauge;
• Zhengtai Railway - originally narrow gauge, later converted to standard gauge, becoming the Shitai Line.

Routes

• Boshan Line (博山線) Zhangdian-Boshan (張店～博山)
  • Hongshan Line (黌山線) Zichuan-Hongshan (淄川～黌山)
• Jiaoji Trunk Line (膠済幹線) Qingdao-Jinan (青島～済南)
• Jingbao Trunk Line (京包幹線) Beijing-Baotou (北京～包頭)[1]
• Jinggu Trunk Line (京古幹線) Beijing-Gubeikou(北京～古北口)
• Jinghan Trunk Line (京漢幹線) Beijing-Hankou (北京～漢口)
• Jingshan Line (京山線) Beijing-Shanhaiguan (北京～山海関)
• Jinpu Trunk Line (津浦幹線) Tianjin-Xuzhou (天津～徐州)
• Longhai Trunk Line (隴海幹線) Lianyun-Kaifeng (連雲～開封)
• Shimen Trunk Line (石門幹線) Shimen-Dexian (石門～徳縣)
• Shitai Trunk Line (石太幹線) Shimen-Taiyuan (石門～太原)
• Tongpu Trunk Line (同蒲幹線) Datong-Puzhou [zh] (大同～蒲州)

Rolling stock

A Ya1 class boxcar of the North China Transportation Company

Locomotives of the North China Transportation Company used the same classification system used by the South Manchuria Railway between 1938 and 1945.

Locomotives

Standard gauge

Class	Numbers	Original owner	Original class & numbers	Wheel arr.	Builder	Total in class	Year built	Image	Notes
アメニ Ameni	1501−1506~	Beining Railway	Class 40: 41−46~	4-4-0	Baldwin	>6	1879		[1]
ダブサ Dabusa	1501−1504	Jingsui Railway	?	2-6-4T	Baldwin	4	1906		[2]
ダブシ Dabushi	1501−1504~	Jingsui Railway	Class 20: 21−24~	2-6-4ST	Dübs and Company	>4	1892		[3]
デカサ Dekasa	1501−1507	Longhai Railway	Class 600: 601−607	2-10-0	Shahekou, Kisha Seizō	7	1937		[4]
エトサ Etosa	1501−	Jiaoji Railway	?	0-8-0	Japan				[5]
エトシ Etoshi	1501−	Jiaoji Railway		0-8-0	Henschel	?	1905		[6]
ホネイ Honei	1501−1508~	Jiaoji Railway	Class 10: 11−18~	0-6-2T	Borsig	>8	1900		Forney locomotive.[7]
ホネニ Honeni	1501−1507~	Beining Railway	Class 47: 47−53~	0-6-2T	Baldwin	>7	1897		Forney locomotive.[8]
マレイ Marei	1501−1504	Jingsui Railway	Class 20: 21−24	0-6-6-0	North British	4	1908		[9]
マレニ Mareni	1501−1504	Jingsui Railway	Class 70: 71−74	2-4-4-2	Baldwin	4	1911		[10]
マレサ Maresa	1501−1507	Jingsui Railway	Class 90: 91−97	2-8-8-2	ALCo	7	1914		Superheated.[11]
マレシ Mareshi	1501−1507	Jingsui Railway	Class 200: 201−207	2-8-8-2	ALCo	7	1921		Largest steam locomotives exported from the United States; used on Badaling slope.[12][13]
ミカイ Mikai	1501−1520	Manchukuo National	ミカナ16718−16736, 16739	2-8-2	Kisha Seizō, Nippon Sharyō, Hitachi, Kawasaki, Sifang	270	1938		"New National Big Mika" (新國大ミカ). First 20 transferred from Manchukuo National Railway.[14]
	1521−1769	new for NCTC	--				1939−1945		"New National Big Mika" (新國大ミカ). New for NCTC.
ミカロ Mikaro	1501−1505	Manchukuo National	ミカロ640–644	2-8-2	Kisha Seizō, others	120	1938−1944		First five transferred from Manchukuo National in 1938.[14]
	1506−1620	new for NCTC	--						72 of the 115 new for NCTC were built by Kisha Seizō in 1938-1939 and 1943-1944.
ミカナ Mikana	1501−1524	Jingfeng Railway	201−224	2-8-2	North British, Tangshan Arsenal	21+	1913−1924		Built by North British, assembled by Tangshan.[9]
	1541−1590	Jinpu Railway	MK xxx	2-8-2	ALCo	50	1918−1920, 19xx		[citation needed]
	1601−1646	Jingsui Railway	Class 300: 301−346	2-8-2	ALCo	46	1922		[citation needed]
	1651−1654~	Jiaoji Railway	Class 600: 601−604	2-8-2	Hudswell Clarke, Shahekou	>4	1931		[citation needed]
ミカハ Mikaha	1501−1545	new for NCTC	--	2-8-2	Škoda	45	1939		[15]
モガイ Mogai	1501−1508	Beining Railway	Class 140: 141−148	2-8-2	North British/Tangshan	8	1903−1908		[9]
	1511−1532		Class 150: 151−172			22	1914−1916		[9]
モガニ Mogani	1501−1512	Beining Railway	Class 60: 61−72	2-6-0	Baldwin	12	1897−1899		[16]
	1521−1526	Jinghan Railway	?		Rogers	6	1900−1903		[9]
モガサ Mogasa	1501−1533	Beining Railway	Class 90: 91−123	2-6-0	Dübs/North British/Tangshan	33	1900–1903		[9][17]
モガシ Mogashi	1501−1510	Jingsui Railway	Class 10: 10−19	2-8-2	North British/Tangshan	10	1908−1909		Built by North British, assembled by Tangshan.[9]
	1511−1538	Jinpu Railway	?		Baldwin	28	1909		[9]
	1541−1552		?		North British/Tangshan	12	1910		[9]
	1561−1564	Beining Railway	?		North British/Tangshan	4	1919−1920		[9]
	1571−1581		Class 230: 231−241		North British/Tangshan	11	1923−1928		[9]
モガコ Mogako	1501−1537	Jinghan Railway	?	2-6-0	Fives-Lille	37	1902−1905		[18]
	1541−1543		Class 1400: 1400−1402		Saint-Léonard	3	1905		[19]
モガロ Mogaro	1501−1503~	Jinghan Railway	Class 100: 101−103~	2-6-0	Fives-Lille	>3	1901		[20]
モガナ Mogana	1501−1506	Jinpu Railway	?	2-6-0	Hanomag	6	1910−1911		[21]
	1511−1524		Class 30: 30−43		Humboldt	14	1911?		[21]
モガハ Mogaha	1501−1515	Longhai Railway	?	2-6-0	Vulcan (UK)	15	1916−1919		[9][22]
モガク Mogaku	1501−15xx	Jinghai Railway	Class 90: 91−x	2-6-0	Baldwin	?	1901
モガ_ Moga_	1501−1502	Daoqing Railway	?	2-6-0	ALCo	2	1913, 1918		[9]
パシイ Pashii	1501−1520	Jingsui Railway	?	4-6-2	ALCo	20	192x		[9]
	1521−1530	Beining Railway	Class 180: 180−189		Baldwin	10	1920−1925		[23]
	1531−1538	Jiaoji Railway	Class 400: 400−408		ALCo	8	1921		[23]
	1539−1540		Class 400: 409−410		Kisha Seizō	2	1922		[23]
パシサ Pashisa	1501–1520	new for NCTC	--	4-6-2	Hitachi	20	1938		"New National Small Pashi" (新國小パシ).
	1521–1550				Kisha Seizō	30	1939−1940		"New National Small Pashi" (新國小パシ).
パシロ Pashiro	1501−1512	MNR	パシロ566–569, 571–578	4-6-2	Kawasaki, Nippon Sharyō, Hitachi	12	1937		Superheated express passenger locomotives. First 12 transferred from Manchukuo National.
	1513−1589	new for NCTC	--		Kawasaki	57	1941–1944
パシナ Pashina	1501−1512	Jinpu Railway	?	4-6-2	ALCo	12	1921		[9]
	1521−1528		Class 410: 410−417		North British	8	1933		[23]
プレコ Pureko	1501−1510	Beining Railway	?	2-6-2T	North British	10	1887		[9]
	1511−1516		?	2-6-2		6	1914		[9]
	1521−1522	Jingsui Railway	?	2-6-2ST		2	1908		[9]
プレロ Purero	15xx	Beining Railway	Class 20: 20−24	2-6-2T	North British/Tangshan	17	1921−1925		[9]
	15xx	Beining Railway	Class 25: 25−xx	2-6-2		?	1923−1927		[9][24]
	15xx		Class 150: 150−154~	2-6-2	Baldwin	?	1914		[9]
	15xx incl. 1529		?	2-6-2T	North British/Tangshan	?	1891−1896		[9]
プレナ Purena	15xx	Jingsui Railway	?	2-6-2	Baldwin	?	1921		[9]
	15xx		?			?	1909		[9][25]
プレハ Pureha	1501−15xx	Jingsui Railway	?	2-6-2	Baldwin	?	1911		[9]
プレク Pureku	1501−1540	Jinghan Railway	?	2-6-2	Franco-Belge	40	1920−1923		[9][26]
	1541−1555		Class 20: 20−34		Škoda	15	1936		[9][27]
	1561−1570		Class 350: 350−359		Lima	10	1920−1922		[9]
プレチ Purechi	1501−1505	Longhai Railway	Class 50: 51−55	2-6-2T	Tubize	5	1914		[9][28]
?? (Shay)	1501−1506	Jingsui Railway	Class 25: 25−30	2+2+2	Lima	6	1909−1912		3-truck (Class C) Shay locomotive.[9]
サタイ Satai	1501−1506	Manchukuo National	ダブロ xxx	2-10-2T	Škoda	6	1929−1930		Originally CER class Ь 4001-4007, broad gauge; converted to standard gauge by MNR and transferred to NCTC.[9][29]
	1507				Kawasaki	1	1930
サタニ Satani	1501−1510	Jinpu Railway	?	2-10-2	Krupp	10	1935		Similar to DRG Class 45.[30]
サタサ Satasa	1501	Longhai Railway	?	2-10-2	Tubize	1	1937		[31]
シカコ Shikako	1501−15xx	Jinghan Railway	Class 60: 60−xx	0-6-0T	Cockerill	?	1901		[9][32]
ソリニ Sorini	1501−1508	Longhai Railway	?	2-8-0	Tubize	8	1925		[9][33]
	1511−15xx		?		SACM	?	1935−1936		[34]
ソリシ Sorishi	1501−1518	Huning Ry	?	2-8-0	?	18	1919 (to China)		18 ROD 2-8-0 bought by Huning Railway in 1919.[9]
	1519−1521	Shenhai Railway	?		North British	3	1926 (to China)		3 ROD 2-8-0 bought by Shenhai Railway in 1926.[9]
	1522−1537	Beining Railway	?		Baldwin	16	1920		[9]
ソリコ Soriko	1501−1650	JGR	various	2-8-0	Kawasaki, Kisha Seizō, JGR Ogura Works	150	1938−1939 (to China)		JGR Class 9600 locomotives converted to standard gauge and delivered to NCTC.[35]
ソリナ Sorina	1501−1510	Jinghan Railway	?	2-8-0	ALCo	10	1917		[9]
テホニ Tehoni	1501−1506	Jiaoji Railway	Class 70: 70−75	4-6-0	Vulcan Stettin	6	1910−1911		[36]
	1507−1523		?			17	1901−1905
	1524−1535	Jinpu Railway	?		Hawthorn Leslie	12	1910		[9]
テホサ Tehosa	1501−1510~	Beining Railway	Class 110: 110−119~	4-6-0	North British/Tangshan	>10	1910−1919		Rebuilt with superheaters in the late 1930s.[9][37]
テホシ Tehoshi	1501−1505	Jiaoji Railway	Class 300: 301−305	4-6-0	Schwartzkopff	5	1913		[38]
テホコ Tehoko	1501−1511~	?	?	4-6-0	Henschel, Hanomag	>11	1910−1913		[39]
テホロ Tehoro	1501−1510	Jinghan Railway	?	4-6-0	Tubize?	10	1913−1914		[40]
テホナ Tehona	1501−1532	Jinghan Railway	Class 200: 201−232	4-6-0	France	32	1904−1907		[41]
	1541−1550	Longhai Railway	?			10	1909		[9]

Narrow gauge

Class	Numbers	Original owner	Original class & numbers	Wheel arr.	Builder	Total in class	Year built	Image	Notes
デカA DekaA	1501−1550~	Tongpu Railway	Class 300: 300−349	2-10-0	Henschel	~50	1937		1000 mm.[42]
デカB DekaB	1501−1550~	Tongpu Railway	Class 350: 350−399~	2-10-0	Kisha Seizō, Hitachi	~50	1936		1000 mm.[43]
ホネA HoneA	1501−1530	Zhengtai Railway	Class 100: 100−129	0-6-4T	Fives-Lille	?	1906		1000 mm. Forney locomotive.[9]
モガA MogaA	1501−15xx	Tongpu Railway	Class 100: 100−1xx	2-6-0	ALCo	<10	1908		[9]
モガB MogaB	1501−1503~	Tongpu Railway	Class 110: 110−112~	2-6-0	Henschel	>3	1934−1935		1067 mm.[44]
モガC MogaC	1501−15xx	Japanese Government Railways	Class 8620: 78625, others?	2-6-0	Kawasaki (78625)	?	1924 (78625)		1067 mm.[9] JGR Class 8620 supplied second-hand after 1938.
プレA PureA	1501−1560	Japanese Government Railways	Class C12: 101-102 103-105 106 107-109 110-113 114-135 136-138 139-143 144-147 148-154 155-156 157-160	2-6-2T	Nippon Sharyō Mitsubishi Kawasaki Kisha Seizō Hitachi Kawasaki Hitachi Nippon Sharyō Kawasaki Kisha Seizō Nippon Sharyō Kisha Seizō	60	1935-1937		1067 mm. JGR Class C12 converted to 1000 mm and shipped to NCTC.[9]
プレB PureB	1501−1502	?	?	2-6-2	Kawasaki	2	1923, 1927		[9]
シカ Shika	1501−1505~	Tongpu Railway	LCK10	0-6-0T	Barclay	1?	1913		1067 mm.[45]
			LCK20		Vulcan Iron Works (UK)	1?	1910		762 mm.
			5−x		Japan	>1	1921		[9]
		Zhengtai Railway	Class 10: 11~		France	>1	1905		[46]
ソリA SoriA	1501−1526	Japanese Government Railway	Clasa 9050: ?	2-8-0	various	26	1937−1938 (regauged)		1067 mm. JGR Class C12 converted to 1000 mm and shipped to NCTC.

Services

Observation car formerly used on the Tairiku Express, now preserved at the Beijing Railway Museum.

The same observation car in service on the Tairiku at Gyeongseong, Korea.

The North China Transportation Company ran a number of long-distance trains, both within China and in conjunction with the South Manchuria Railway and the Chosen Government Railway. Notable trains include the "Tairiku" ("Continental") and "Kōa" limited express trains between Beijing and Busan, Korea. The "Tairiku" entered service in 1938, making the trip from Busan to Beijing in 37.5 hours in 1940; the train was discontinued in 1944. The observation car used on this train is preserved at the Beijing Railway Museum. The "Kōa" was put into operation in 1939, making the same trip in 39.5 hours in 1940, but by 1945 the trip took 49 hours. The "Kōa" was discontinued after the Japanese defeat in the Pacific War.