New Guinea flightless rail

The New Guinea flightless rail (Megacrex inepta), also known as the Papuan flightless rail, is a species of bird in the family Rallidae, in the monotypic genus Megacrex. Sometimes however, it was included in Amaurornis or Habroptila, but this is incorrect.

New Guinea flightless rail
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Gruiformes
Family:	Rallidae
Genus:	Megacrex D'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879
Species:	M. inepta
Binomial name
Megacrex inepta d'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879
Synonyms
Amaurornis ineptus (D'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879) Habroptila inepta (D'Albertis & Salvadori, 1879)

Distribution and habitat

It is sparsely found across New Guinea. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, and subtropical or tropical swamps. It is threatened by habitat loss.^[2]

Systematics and evolution

M. inepta is indeed closely related to Amaurornis, but not as close as to warrant inclusion therein. Rather, it is part of a group including the core group of the polyphyletic Amaurornis, as well as the monotypic genera Aenigmatolimnas (striped crake), Gallicrex (Watercock) and Himantornis (Nkulengu rail). Most of these rails occur in tropical Asia. The Nkulengu rail from the tropical rainforests of Africa is particularly interesting with regard to the New Guinea flightless rail, as its habitat is quite similar but it is so much unlike other rails to have been separated as a distinct subfamily in earlier times. Instead, these two species seem to be ancient divergences that independently expanded westwards and southeastwards from the group's ancestral range, and diverged strongly in some aspects, while otherwise adapting in similar ways.^[3]

References

1. "Megacrex inepta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017. BirdLife International: e.T22692785A118205352. 2017. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22692785A118205352.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
2. Taylor, B.; Sharpe, C. J. (2020). "New Guinea Flightless Rail (Megacrex inepta), version 1.0". In J. del Hoyo; A. Elliott; J. Sargatal; D. A. Christie; E. de Juana (eds.). Birds of the World. Ithaca, New York: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.ngfrai1.01. S2CID 243232930.
3. Garcia-R et al. (2014): "Deep global evolutionary radiation in birds: Diversification and trait evolution in the cosmopolitan bird family Rallidae"