Neuwiedia

Neuwiedia is a genus of primitive terrestrial orchids (family Orchidaceae), comprising 9 species native to China, Southeast Asia and certain Pacific Islands.^[1][2]

Neuwiedia
Neuwiedia griffithii 1874 illustration from Curtis's Botanical Magazine
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Orchidaceae
Subfamily:	Apostasioideae
Genus:	Neuwiedia Blume, 1833
Type species
Neuwiedia veratrifolia Blume

The two genera in the subfamily Apostasioideae, Apostasia and Neuwiedia, differ from most other orchids in having three stamens. Recent studies suggest that the fifteen or so species in these two genera, although exhibiting "primitive" features, are "sister" genera rather than ancestors of other orchid families.^[3][4][5] Like the genus Apostasia of the same subfamily, this genus is noted for having 3 fertile stamens instead of only two as in the case of other orchids. Because of this primitive characteristic, the genus was considered by some as not being true orchids.

The genus was named by Carl Ludwig von Blume in honor of Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied (1782-1859).

The genus is distributed in shaded habitats. They are tall herbs with rhizomes and grow long, plicate leaves. They produce an unbranched, erect, terminal inflorescence bearing usually white or yellow, nodding flowers.

Species

The following species are recognized as of June 2014:

Neuwiedia veratrifolia

1. Neuwiedia borneensis de Vogel 1969 - Borneo
2. Neuwiedia elongata de Vogel 1969 - Borneo
3. Neuwiedia griffithii Rchb.f. 1874 - Vietnam, Malaya, Sumatra
4. Neuwiedia inae de Vogel 1969 - Borneo, Vietnam
5. Neuwiedia malipoensis Z.J.Liu, L.J.Chen & K.Wei Liu 2012 - Yunnan
6. Neuwiedia siamensis de Vogel 1969 -Thailand
7. Neuwiedia veratrifolia Blume 1834 - Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, New Guinea, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands
8. Neuwiedia zollingeri Rchb.f. 1857 - Hainan, Hong Kong, Yunnan, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
   1. Neuwiedia zollingeri var. annamensis (Gagnep.) Aver - Vietnam
   2. Neuwiedia zollingeri var. javanica (J.J.Sm.) de Vogel - Vietnam, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Bali
   3. Neuwiedia zollingeri var. singapureana (Wall. ex Baker) de Vogel - Hainan, Hong Kong, Yunnan, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Sumatra, Malaysia
   4. Neuwiedia zollingeri var. zollingeri - Sumatra, Java

References

1. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
2. Flora of China v 25 p 21, 三蕊兰属 san rui lan shu, Neuwiedia Blume, Nov. Pl. Expos. 12. 1833.
3. Zhang, Guo-Qiang; Liu, Ke-Wei; Liu, Zhong-Jian; et al. (2017). "The Apostasia genome and the evolution of orchids". Nature. 549 (7672): 379–383. Bibcode:2017Natur.549..379Z. doi:10.1038/nature23897. PMC 7416622. PMID 28902843.
4. Judd, Walter S.; Stern, William Louis; Cheadle, Vernon I. (October 1993). "Phylogenetic position of Apostasia and Neuwiedia (Orchidaceae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 113 (2): 87–94. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1993.tb00331.x. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
5. Kocyan, Alexander; Qiu, Yin-Long; Endress, Peter K.; Conti, Elena (2004). "A phylogenetic analysis of Apostasioideae (Orchidaceae) based on ITS, trnL-F and matK sequences" (PDF). Plant Systematics and Evolution. 247 (3–4): 203–213. doi:10.1007/s00606-004-0133-3. S2CID 36144437.

• Stern, W. L., V. Cheadle, and J. Thorsch. 1993 - Apostasiads, systematic anatomy, and the origins of Orchidaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 111: 411–45
• A. Kocyan, Y.-L. Qiu1, P. K. Endress, and E. Conti1 - A phylogenetic analysis of Apostasioideae (Orchidaceae) based on ITS, trnL-F and matK sequences; Plant Syst. Evol. (2004)
• Pridgeon, A.M.; Cribb, P.J.; Chase, M.W. & F. N. Rasmussen (1999): Genera Orchidacearum Vol.1, Oxford U. Press. ISBN 0-19-850513-2

External links

• Media related to Neuwiedia at Wikimedia Commons
• Data related to Neuwiedia at Wikispecies