Neosho River

The Neosho River is a tributary of the Arkansas River in eastern Kansas and northeastern Oklahoma in the United States. Its tributaries also drain portions of Missouri and Arkansas. The river is about 463 miles (745 km) long.^[4] Via the Arkansas, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed. Its name is an Osage word meaning "clear water."^[5] The lower section is also known as the Grand River.

Neosho River
Neosho River near Neosho Rapids, Kansas
Map of the Neosho River and its watershed
Location
Country	United States
State	Kansas, Oklahoma
Physical characteristics
Source	Near White City, Kansas
• coordinates	38°47′22″N 96°44′39″W[1]
• elevation	1,450 ft (440 m)[2]
Mouth	Arkansas River
• coordinates	35°47′32″N 95°17′40″W[1]
• elevation	489 ft (149 m)[1]
Length	463 mi (745 km)
Basin size	11,534 sq mi (29,870 km2)[3]
Discharge
• location	USGS gage 07191500 near Chouteau, OK[3]
• average	8,954 cu ft/s (253.5 m3/s)[3]
• minimum	12 cu ft/s (0.34 m3/s)
• maximum	154,000 cu ft/s (4,400 m3/s)

Fort Gibson Dam and Reservoir on the Grand River in Cherokee and Wagoner Counties, Oklahoma

Fort Gibson Lake and Sequoyah State Park on the Grand River in Cherokee County, Oklahoma

Course

The Neosho's headwaters are in Morris County, Kansas, and it flows southeast through Kansas. In Ottawa County, Oklahoma, the river turns south-southwest for the remainder of its course through Oklahoma. It meets the Arkansas River near the city of Muskogee, about a mile downstream of the confluence of the Arkansas River and the Verdigris River. The area of convergence of the three rivers Arkansas, Verdigris and Neosho is called "Three Forks."

In Oklahoma the Neosho ends at its confluence with Spring River at the Twin Bridges Area at Grand Lake State Park. From that point on it is called the Grand River. The Grand River flows south to the Grand Lake.

Dams

The Neosho has been dammed at several points along its course, in most cases by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. In Kansas, a dam upstream of Council Grove forms Council Grove Lake, and a dam near New Strawn forms John Redmond Reservoir. There are also 12 dams in between John Redmond and the Kansas border, including lowhead dams at Burlington, Neosho Falls, Ottawa, Iola, Humboldt, two near Chanute and Erie. It was also dammed to provide water for the city of Parsons, and is also dammed at the former Kansas Gas & Electric Power Plant at Strauss, as well as at Oswego and Chetopa.^[6] In Oklahoma, Pensacola Dam at Langley forms the Neosho's largest reservoir, the Grand Lake o' the Cherokees. Robert S. Kerr Dam near Locust Grove forms Lake Hudson, (also known as Markham Ferry Reservoir), and a dam upstream of Fort Gibson forms Fort Gibson Lake.

Tributaries

In Kansas, the Neosho is joined by the Cottonwood River in Lyon County. In Oklahoma, it is joined by the Spring River in Ottawa County and the Elk River in Delaware County.

Cities and towns along the river

• Americus, Kansas
• Burlington, Kansas
• Chetopa, Kansas
• Chanute, Kansas
• Chouteau, Oklahoma
• Council Grove, Kansas
• Disney, Oklahoma
• Emporia, Kansas
• Erie, Kansas
• Fort Gibson, Oklahoma
• Grand Lake Towne, Oklahoma
• Hartford, Kansas
• Humboldt, Kansas
• Iola, Kansas
• Langley, Oklahoma
• Le Roy, Kansas
• Miami, Oklahoma
• Neosho Falls, Kansas
• Neosho Rapids, Kansas
• Oswego, Kansas
• Parkerville, Kansas
• Pensacola, Oklahoma
• Pin Oak Acres, Oklahoma
• Salina, Oklahoma
• Strang, Oklahoma
• St. Paul, Kansas
• Shaw, Kansas
• Rollin, Kansas
• Petrolia, Kansas
• Bassett, Kansas
• Strauss, Kansas
• Laneville, Kansas
• Montana, Kansas
• Hoag, Kansas
• Saulkner, Kansas
• Harmon, Kansas

Variant names

According to the Geographic Names Information System, the Neosho River has also been known as:

• Grand River, particularly past the confluence of the Neosho and Spring rivers in Oklahoma—see Grand River (Oklahoma)
• Le Grande Riviere
• Nee Ozho River
• Neozhoo River
• Ni-u-sho River
• Niocho River
• Nion-chou River
• Noshow River
• Osage River
• Rio Blanco
• Six Bulls River

See also

• List of Kansas rivers
• List of Oklahoma rivers
• Great Flood of 1951

References

1. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Neosho River
2. USGS topographic maps
3. "Water resources data for the United States, Water Year 2009; gage 07191500, Neosho River near Chouteau, OK" (PDF). USGS. Retrieved August 1, 2010.
4. U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map, accessed May 31, 2011
5. Muskogee Phoenix. "How places got their names." Archived 2012-07-12 at archive.today June 5, 2007. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
6. "Kansas Water Science Center | U.S. Geological Survey".