Natrialba

In taxonomy, Natrialba is a genus of the Natrialbaceae.^[4] The genus consists of many diverse species that can survive extreme environmental niches, especially they are capable to live in the waters saturated or nearly saturated with salt (halophiles).^[5][6] They have certain adaptations to live within their salty environments. For example, their cellular machinery is adapted to high salt concentrations by having charged amino acids on their surfaces, allowing the cell to keep its water molecules around these components. The osmotic pressure and these amino acids help to control the amount of salt within the cell.^[7]

Natrialba
Scientific classification
Domain:	Archaea
Kingdom:	Euryarchaeota
Phylum:	Euryarchaeota
Class:	Halobacteria
Order:	Natrialbales
Family:	Natrialbaceae
Genus:	Natrialba Kamekura and Dyall-Smith 1996[1]
Type species
Natrialba asiatica Kamekura & Dyall-Smith 1996
Species
N. aegyptia[2] "N. aibiense" N. asiatica N. chahannaoensis[3] N. hulunbeirensis N. magadii N. swarupiae N. taiwanensis "N. wudunaoensis"

For instance, N. magadii is an aerobic chemoorganotrophic, dual extremophile requiring alkaline conditions and hypersalinity for optimal growth. Those harsh conditions resulted in changed composition of charged amino acids in the proteins (average isoelectric point is only 4.64, whereas other organisms average is 6.5) with almost all proteins being highly acidic.^[8] The genome of N. magadii consists of four replicons with a total sequence of 4,443,643 bp and encodes 4,212 putative proteins. The genome analysis identified multiple genes coding putative proteins involved in adaptation to hypersalinity, stress response, glycosylation, and polysaccharide biosynthesis. Additionally, proton-driven ATP synthase and a variety of putative cytochromes and other proteins required for aerobic respiration and electron transfer had been found. The genome encodes a number of putative proteases/peptidases.^[9]

Their resistance to salt allows for the use of some members of the genus in biotechnological processes.^[10]

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)^[11] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).^[4]

16S rRNA based LTP_06_2022[12][13][14]	53 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214[15][16][17]
Natrialba N. swarupiae Kajale et al. 2020 Natrarchaeobius chitinivorans N. asiatica N. aegyptia N. taiwanensis Natronorubrum 2 N. texcoconense Ruiz-Romero et al. 2013 N. tibetense Xu et al. 1999 N. chahannaoensis N. hulunbeirensis N. magadii	Natrialba N. magadii (Tindall et al. 1984) Kamekura et al. 1997 N. chahannaoensis Xu et al. 2001 N. hulunbeirensis Xu et al. 2001 N. asiatica Kamekura & Dyall-Smith 1996 N. aegyptia corrig. Hezayen et al. 2001 N. taiwanensis Hezayen et al. 2001

See also

• List of Archaea genera

References

1. Kamekura, M.; Seno, Y.; Dyall-Smith, M. (1996-05-23). "Halolysin R4, a serine proteinase from the halophilic archaeon Haloferax mediterranei; gene cloning, expression and structural studies". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology. 1294 (2): 159–167. doi:10.1016/0167-4838(96)00016-7. ISSN 0006-3002. PMID 8645734.
2. Hezayen, F F; Rehm, B H; Tindall, B J; Steinbüchel, A (2001). "Transfer of Natrialba asiatica B1T to Natrialba taiwanensis sp. nov. and description of Natrialba aegyptiaca sp. nov., a novel extremely halophilic, aerobic, non-pigmented member of the Archaea from Egypt that produces extracellular poly(glutamic acid)". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 51 (3): 1133–1142. doi:10.1099/00207713-51-3-1133. PMID 11411682.
3. Xu, Y.; Wang, Z.; Xue, Y.; Zhou, P.; Ma, Y.; Ventosa, A.; Grant, W. D. (September 2001). "Natrialba hulunbeirensis sp. nov. and Natrialba chahannaoensis sp. nov., novel haloalkaliphilic archaea from soda lakes in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 51 (Pt 5): 1693–1698. doi:10.1099/00207713-51-5-1693. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 11594597.
4. Sayers; et al. "Natrialba". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2023-10-10.
5. KAMEKURA, MASAHIRO; DYALL-SMITH, MICHAEL L. (1995). "Taxonomy of the family Halobacteriaceae and the description of two newgenera Halorubrobacterium and Natrialba". The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology. 41 (4): 333–350. doi:10.2323/jgam.41.333. ISSN 0022-1260.
6. Kamekura, M.; Dyall-Smith, M. L.; Upasani, V.; Ventosa, A.; Kates, M. (July 1997). "Diversity of alkaliphilic halobacteria: proposals for transfer of Natronobacterium vacuolatum, Natronobacterium magadii, and Natronobacterium pharaonis to Halorubrum, Natrialba, and Natronomonas gen. nov., respectively, as Halorubrum vacuolatum comb. nov., Natrialba magadii comb. nov., and Natronomonas pharaonis comb. nov., respectively". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 47 (3): 853–857. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-3-853. ISSN 0020-7713. PMID 9226918.
7. Reed, Christopher J.; Lewis, Hunter; Trejo, Eric; Winston, Vern; Evilia, Caryn (2013). "Protein Adaptations in Archaeal Extremophiles". Archaea. 2013: 373275. doi:10.1155/2013/373275. ISSN 1472-3646. PMC 3787623. PMID 24151449.
8. Kozlowski, Lukasz P. (2017-01-04). "Proteome-pI: proteome isoelectric point database". Nucleic Acids Research. 45 (D1): D1112–D1116. doi:10.1093/nar/gkw978. PMC 5210655. PMID 27789699.
9. Siddaramappa, Shivakumara; Challacombe, Jean F.; Decastro, Rosana E.; Pfeiffer, Friedhelm; Sastre, Diego E.; Giménez, María I.; Paggi, Roberto A.; Detter, John C.; Davenport, Karen W. (2012-05-04). "A comparative genomics perspective on the genetic content of the alkaliphilic haloarchaeon Natrialba magadii ATCC 43099T". BMC Genomics. 13: 165. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-165. PMC 3403918. PMID 22559199.
10. Kebbouche-Gana, Salima; Gana, Mohamed Lamine; Ferrioune, Imen; Khemili, Souad; Lenchi, Nesrine; Akmouci-Toumi, Sihem; Bouanane-Darenfed, Nabila Amel; Djelali, Nacer-Eddine (2013-11-01). "Production of biosurfactant on crude date syrup under saline conditions by entrapped cells of Natrialba sp. strain E21, an extremely halophilic bacterium isolated from a solar saltern (Ain Salah, Algeria)". Extremophiles. 17 (6): 981–993. doi:10.1007/s00792-013-0580-2. ISSN 1431-0651. PMID 24061687. S2CID 15583238.
11. J.P. Euzéby. "Natrialba". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2023-10-10.
12. "The LTP". Retrieved 10 May 2023.
13. "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 10 May 2023.
14. "LTP_06_2022 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2023.
15. "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
16. "ar53_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
17. "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.

Further reading

Scientific journals

• Conde, J. D.; Guillen, J.; Nercessian, D.; Ordonez, M.V.; et al. (September 2011). "Secondary structure determination by FTIR of an archaeal ubiquitin-like polypeptide from Natrialba magadii". European Biophysics Journal. 40 (9): 1101–1107. doi:10.1007/s00249-011-0719-y. hdl:11336/13062. PMID 21701865. S2CID 13480537.
• Oren A; Ventosa A (2000). "International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halobacteriaceae. Minutes of the meetings, 16 August 1999, Sydney, Australia". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 50 (3): 1405–1407. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-3-1405. PMID 10843089.

Scientific books

• Gibbons, NE (1974). "Family V. Halobacteriaceae fam. nov.". In RE Buchanan; NE Gibbons (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (8th ed.). Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co.

External links

• Natrialba at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
• Natrialba magadii at Proteme-pI database showing extreme charge distribution of the proteins