List of government space agencies

"The Space Program" redirects here. For the song by A Tribe Called Quest, see The Space Program (song).

See also: List of private spaceflight companies; List of space forces, units, and formations; and Lists of space organizations

Government space agencies, established by governments of countries and regional agencies (groupings of countries) are established as a means for advocating for engaging in activities related to outer space, exploitation of space systems, and/or space exploration. The listings summarize all countries' and regional authorities' space agencies with a comparative summary of demonstrated capabilities.

Overview

As of 2024,^[update] nearly 80 different government space agencies are in existence, including more than 70 national space agencies and several international agencies.

Overview of space agencies

Space agency				Demonstrated capability
Country or organization	Name	Acronym	Founded	First space traveler	Operates satellites	Builds satellites	Recoverable payloads capable
African Union	African Space Agency	AfSA	24 January 2023
Algeria	Algerian Space Agency	ASAL	16 Jan 2002[1]		(Alcomsat-1)	(AlSAT-1)
Argentina	Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales[2]	CONAE	1961 (CNIE) 28 May 1991 (CONAE)		(Nahuel 1A)	(ARSAT-1)
Australia	Australian Space Agency[3]	ASA	1986 (NSP) 1 Jul 2018 (ASA)[4][5]	(Paul Scully-Power)	(Aussat A1)	(WRESAT)
Austria	Austrian Space Agency[6][7]	ALR	12 Jul 1972	(Franz Viehböck)	(TUGSAT-1/UniBRITE)	(TUGSAT-1/UniBRITE)
Azerbaijan	Space Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azercosmos)[8]	Azercosmos	2010		(Azerspace-1)
Bangladesh	Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization[9]	SPARRSO	1980		(Bangabandhu-1)	(BRAC Onnesha)
Belgium	Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy[10]	BIRA IASB BISA	Nov 25, 1964	(Dirk Frimout)		(PROBA-1)
Brazil	Brazilian Space Agency[11][12]	AEB	10 Feb 1994	(Marcos Pontes)	(Brasilsat A1)	(Amazônia-1)
Bulgaria	Bulgarian Space Agency[13]	SRI-BAS STIL-BAS	1987	(Georgi Ivanov)	(Bulgaria 1300)	(Bulgaria 1300)
Canada	Canadian Space Agency[14]	CSA ASC	1 Mar 1989	(Marc Garneau)	(Alouette 1)	(Alouette 1)
Chile	Chilean Space Agency	CSA	2001
China	China National Space Administration[15]	CNSA	22 Apr 1993	(Yang Liwei)		(Dong Fang Hong 1)
Costa Rica	Costa Rican Space Agency (Agencia Espacial Costarricense)[16]	AEC	2021		(Irazú)	(Irazú)
International Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) British National Space Centre (BNSC) Canadian Space Agency (CSA) Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES) China National Space Administration (CNSA) Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR) European Space Agency (ESA) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Russian Federal Space Agency (RFSA)	Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems[17]	CCSDS	1982
International  Algeria  Argentina  Armenia  Australia  Austria  Belgium  Brazil  Bulgaria  Canada  Chile  China  Czech Republic  Denmark  Egypt  Finland  France  Germany  Greece  Hungary  India  Indonesia  Iran  Iraq  Israel  Italy  Japan  Kazakhstan  South Korea  Mexico  Netherlands  Nigeria  Norway  Pakistan  Poland  Portugal  Romania  Russia  Saudi Arabia  Slovakia  South Africa  Spain  Sweden  Switzerland  Taiwan  Thailand  Turkey  Ukraine  United Arab Emirates  United Kingdom  United States  Caribbean Community	Committee on Space Research[18][19][20]	COSPAR	1958
Czech Republic	Czech Space Office[21]	CSO	2003[22]	(Vladimír Remek)	(Magion 4)	(VZLUSAT-2)
Denmark	Danish National Space Center[23]	DNSC DTU Space	1 Jan 1968 (DSRI) 1 Jan 2005 (DNSC)	(Andreas Mogensen)	(Ørsted)	(Ørsted)
Egypt	Egyptian Space Agency[24][25]	EGSA NARSS[26] EASRT-RSC	2018 1994 1971–1994	(Sara Sabry)	(EgyptSat 1)	(NARSSCube-1)
El Salvador	Instituto Aeroespacial de El Salvador(Esai)[27][28]	ESAI	2021
Ethiopia	Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute[29]	ESSTI	14 Oct 2016		ETRSS-1	ETRSS-1
Austria  Belgium  Czech Republic  Denmark  Estonia  European Union  Finland  France  Germany  Greece  Hungary  Ireland  Italy  Luxembourg  Netherlands  Norway  Poland  Portugal  Romania  Spain  Sweden  Switzerland  United Kingdom	European Space Agency[30][31]	ESA ASE EWO	1964 (ESRO/ELDO) 30 May 1975 (ESA)	(Ulf Merbold)	(Cos-B)	(Cos-B)
European Union	European Union Agency for the Space Programme[32]	EUSPA	12 Jul 2004 (GSA) 21 May 2021 (EUSPA)
France	National Centre for Space Studies[33]	CNES	19 Dec 1961	(Jean-Loup Chrétien)	(Astérix)	(Astérix)
Germany	German Aerospace Center[34]	DLR	1969	(Sigmund Jähn)		(Azur)
Ghana	Ghana Space Science and Technology Centre[35]	GSSTI	2 Apr 2012		(GhanaSat-1)	(GhanaSat-1)
Greece	Hellenic Space Centre Ελληνικό Κέντρο Διαστήματος[36]	HSC ΕΛΚΕΔ	9 Aug 2019		(Hellas Sat 2)	(UPSat)
Hungary	Hungarian Space Office	MŰI HSO	Jan 1992	(Bertalan Farkas)	(MaSat-1)	(MaSat-1)
India	Indian Space Research Organisation[37][38][39]	ISRO इसरो	1962 (INCOSPAR) 15th Aug 1969 (ISRO)	(Rakesh Sharma)	(Aryabhata)	(Aryabhata)
Indonesia	Indonesian Space Agency (Previously known as LAPAN)[40]	INASA	Nov 27, 1964		(Palapa-A1)	(Lapan-TUBsat)
Iran	Iranian Space Agency	ISA[41][42]	2004		(Sina-1)	[43] (Omid)	(Pishgam)
Israel	Israeli Space Agency	ISA סוכנות החלל הישראלית	Apr 1983	(Ilan Ramon)	(Ofeq-1)	(Shavit 2)
Italy	Italian Space Agency[44][45]	ASI	1988	(Franco Malerba)	(San Marco 1)	(San Marco 1)
Japan	Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency[46][47]	JAXA ジャクサ	1 Oct 2003	(Toyohiro Akiyama)	(Ohsumi)	(Ohsumi)
Kazakhstan	National Space Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan[48]	KazCosmos KazKosmos	27 Mar 2007	(Toktar Aubakirov)	(KazSat-1)	(Al Farabi-1)
Kenya	Kenya Space Agency[49]	KSA	7 Mar 2017		(1KUNS-PF)	(1KUNS-PF)
North Korea	National Aerospace Technology Administration	NATA	1980s (KCST) 2013 (NADA) 2023 (NATA)		(Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2)	(Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2)
South Korea	Korea AeroSpace Administration	KASA	27 May 2024
South Korea	Korea Aerospace Research Institute[50]	KARI	10 Oct 1989	(Yi So-yeon)	(Koreasat 1)	(KITSAT-1)
CELAC	Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency	ALCE	2022[51]
Lithuania	Lithuanian Space Association[52]	LSA[53]	2007		(LituanicaSAT-1)	(LituanicaSAT-1)
Luxembourg	Luxembourg Space Agency[54]	LSA	Sep 2018		(Astra 1A)	(KSM (Kleos Scouting Mission))
Malaysia	Malaysian Space Agency[55]	MYSA	2002	(Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor)	(MEASAT-1)	(TiungSAT-1)
Mexico	Mexican Space Agency[56]	AEM	30 Jul 2010	(Rodolfo Vela)	(Morelos I)	(UNAMSAT B)[57]
Mongolia	National Remote Sensing Center of Mongolia[58]	NRSC	1991		(Mazaalai)	(Mazaalai)
Morocco	Royal Center for Remote Sensing[59] Centre Royal de Télédétection Spatiale Ammas Amrrukan n Tallunt (المركز الملكي للإستشعار البعدي الفضائي)	CRTS	Dec 1989		(Maroc-Tubsat)	(Maroc-Tubsat)
Netherlands	Netherlands Institute for Space Research[60]	SRON	1983	(Wubbo Ockels)	(ANS)	(ANS)
New Zealand	New Zealand Space Agency	NZSA	Apr 2016		(Humanity Star)	(Humanity Star)
Nigeria	National Space Research and Development Agency[61]	NASRDA	1998		(Nigeriasat-1)	(Nigeria EduSat-1)
Norway	Norwegian Space Agency[62]	NRS NSC	1987		(Thor 2)	(nCube-2)
Pakistan	Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission[63]	SUPARCO سپارکو	16 Sep 1961 (started working from 1964)		(Badr-1)	(Badr-1)
Paraguay	Paraguayan Space Agency (Agencia Espacial de Paraguay)[64]	AEP	26 Mar 2014		(GuaraníSat-1)	(GuaraníSat-1)
Peru	National Commission for Aerospace Research and Development[65]	CONIDA	11 Jun 1974		(Chasqui I)
Philippines	Philippine Space Agency[66][67][68][69][70]	PhilSA	2014 (DOST–ASTI) 8 August 2019 (PhilSA)		(Agila-1)	(Diwata-1)
Poland	Polish Space Agency[71]	POLSA	29 Sep 1976 (CBK PAN) 26 Sep 2014 (POLSA)	(Mirosław Hermaszewski)	(Lem)	(Lem)
Portugal	Portugal Space[72][73]	PTSPACE	2019		(PoSAT-1)	(PoSAT-1)
Romania	Romanian Space Agency[74]	ASR ROSA	1991	(Dumitru Prunariu)	(Goliat)	(Goliat)
Russia	Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities	Roscosmos Роскосмос	25 Feb 1992	(Aleksandr Volkov)	(Kosmos 2175)	(Kosmos 2175)	(Soyuz TM-14)
Rwanda	Rwanda Space Agency[75]	RSA	2021		(RWASAT-1)	(RWASAT-1)
Saudi Arabia	Saudi Space Agency[76]	SSA	1977 (KACST-SRI) 2018 (SSC/SSA)	(Sultan Bin Salman)	(Arabsat-1A)	(SaudiSat-4)
Singapore	Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing[77]	CRISP	1995		(ST-1)	(X-Sat)
South Africa	South African National Space Agency[78]	SANSA	9 Dec 2010		(SUNSAT)	(SUNSAT)
Soviet Union	Soviet space program	СССР Космическая программа	1955 disbanded 25 Dec 1991	(Yuri Gagarin)	(Sputnik 1)	(Sputnik 1)	(Korabl-Sputnik 2)
Spain	Agencia Espacial Española[79][80][81]	AEE	2023	(Pedro Duque)	(Hispasat 1A)	(Intasat)
Sweden	Swedish National Space Agency[82]	SNSA	1972	(Christer Fuglesang)	(Viking)
Switzerland	Swiss Space Office[83][84]	SSO	1998		(SwissCube-1)	(SwissCube-1)
Syria	Syrian Space Agency[85][86][87][88]	SSA	18 Mar 2014	(Muhammed Faris)
Taiwan	Taiwan Space Agency[89]	TASA	3 Oct 1991		(ST-1)	(Formosat-1)
Thailand	Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency[90]	GISTDA สทอภ	3 Nov 2000		(Thaicom 1)	(KNACKSAT)
Tunisia	French: Centre national de la cartographie et de la télédétection (Arabic: المركز الوطني للإستشعار عن بعد) (National Remote Sensing Center of Tunisia)[91]	CNCT	1988		(Challenge-1)	(Challenge-1)
Turkey	Turkish Space Agency (Türkiye Uzay Ajansı)[92][93][94][95]	TUA	1985 (TÜBİTAK UZAY) 13 Dec 2018 (TUA)	(Alper Gezeravcı)	(Türksat 1A)	(Göktürk-2)
Turkmenistan	Turkmenistan National Space Agency[96]	TNSA	2011		(TürkmenÄlem52E / MonacoSAT)
Ukraine	State Space Agency of Ukraine[97]	SSAU	2 Mar 1992	(Leonid Kadeniuk)		(Sich-1)
United Arab Emirates	Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre[98]	UAESA	2014	(Hazza Al Mansouri)	(Thuraya 2)	(KhalifaSat)
United Kingdom	United Kingdom Space Agency[99]	UKSA	1 Apr 2010	(Helen Sharman)	(Ariel 1)	(Prospero)
United Nations	United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space[100]	UNCOPUOS	Dec 12, 1959	—	—	—	—
United Nations	United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs[101]	UNOOSA	13 Dec 1958	—	—	—	—
United States	National Aeronautics and Space Administration[102]	NASA	29 Jul 1958	(Alan Shepard)	(Explorer 1)	(Explorer 1)	(Discoverer 13)
Uzbekistan	The Space Research and Technology Agency under the Ministry of Digital Technologies of the Republic of Uzbekistan[103]	Uzbekspace agency	2019
Venezuela	Bolivarian Agency for Space Activities[104]	ABAE	1 Jan 2008		(Venesat-1)
Vietnam	Vietnam National Space Center (Trung tâm Vũ trụ Việt Nam)[105]	TTVTVN or VNSC VAST-VNSC	20 Nov 2006	(Phạm Tuân)	(Vinasat-1)	(F-1)

Launch capability

This group of agencies have developed or are developing launch infrastructure including space launch sites, suborbital launch technology, orbital launch systems, and reusable hardware technologies.

Overview of space agency launch capabilities

Agency	Demonstrated capability
	Operates launch site	Suborbital launch capable	Orbital launch capable	Cryogenic rocket engine use	Reusable systems use
CONAE[2]	[106] (Punta Indio)	[107] (Orión)
ASA[3][4]	(Woomera)	[108] (Long Tom)
AEB[11][12]	[109] (Alcântara)	(VSB-30)
CSA
CNSA[15]	(Jiuquan)		(Long March 1)	(YF-73)
Austria  Belgium  Czech Republic  Denmark  Estonia  Finland  France  Germany  Greece  Hungary  Ireland  Italy  Luxembourg  Netherlands  Norway  Portugal  Poland  Romania  Spain  Sweden  Switzerland  United Kingdom ESA	(Kourou)		(Ariane 1)
CNES[33]	(Kourou)	(Véronique)	(Diamant A)
ISRO[37][38][39]	(Sriharikota)	(RH-75)	(SLV)	(CE-20) (CE-7.5)
Iranian Space Agency[110]	(Semnan)	(Safir)	(Safir)
Israel Space Agency[111]	(Palmachim Airbase)	(Shavit 2)	(Shavit 2)
ASI)[112]	(Salto di Quirra)
JAXA[46]	(Uchinoura)		(Lambda-4S)	(LE-7)
KCST	(Sohae)		[113] (Unha-3)
KARI[114]	(Naro)		(Nuri)
MSA
NZSA	(Mahia)
SUPARCO[115]	(Sonmiani Flight Test Range)	(Rehbar-I)
POLSA
Roscosmos	(Plesetsk)		(Soyuz-U)
Soviet space program	(Baikonur)	(GIRD-09)	(R-7 Sputnik)	(KVD-1)	(Buran)
SNSA[116]	(Esrange)	(Maser)
SSAU[117]			(Dnepr)
UKSA
NASA[102]	(Cape Canaveral)	(WAC Corporal)	(Juno I)	(RL10)	(Space Shuttle)

Extraterrestrial exploration capability

This group of agencies have developed advanced technological capabilities required for travel and study of other heavenly bodies within the Solar System. These involve the capacity to leave the local area around the planet Earth for lunar and/or missions to other bodies in the Solar System.

Overview of space agencies extraterrestrial exploration capability

Space agency	Demonstrated capability
	Operates flyby spacecraft	Operates extraterrestrial orbiter	Controlled surface impact	Uncrewed soft landing	Uncrewed rover operation	Sample return
CNSA[118]	(Chang'e 5-T1)	(Chang'e 1)	(Chang'e 1)	(Chang'e 3)	(Yutu-1)	(Chang'e 5)
Austria  Belgium  Czech Republic  Denmark  Estonia  Finland  France  Germany  Greece  Hungary  Ireland  Italy  Luxembourg  Netherlands  Norway  Portugal  Poland  Romania  Spain  Sweden  Switzerland  United Kingdom ESA[119]	(Ulysses)	(Mars Express)	(Rosetta)	(Huygens)
ISRO[120]	(Chandrayaan-3)	(Chandrayaan-1)	(Moon Impact Probe)[39]	(Chandrayaan-3)	(Pragyan)
JAXA[121]	(Hiten)	(Hiten)	(Hiten)	(Hayabusa)	(MINERVA-II)	(Hayabusa)
Soviet space program	(Luna 1)	(Luna 10)	(Luna 2)	(Luna 9)	(Lunokhod 1)	(Luna 16)
NASA	(Pioneer 4)	(Lunar Orbiter 1)	(Ranger 7)	(Surveyor 1)	(Sojourner)	(Apollo 11)

Without launch capabilities

This category is formed by agencies that operate and construct satellites in extraterrestrial environments, but do not have the capability to transport those satellites to the desired orbit/trajectory/landing spot. As far as we know as of the 10th May 2024, five space agencies have achieved the requirements to be listed here: ^[a]

Overview of space agencies extraterrestrial satellite operation and constructing capabilities.

Space agency	Demonstrated capability
	Operates extraterrestrial orbiter	Controlled surface impact	Uncrewed soft landing	Uncrewed rover operation	Sample return
LuxSpace	(Manfred Memorial Moon Mission, flyby only)
ASI	(ArgoMoon)
KARI	(Danuri)
UAESA	(Emirates Mars Mission)
SUPARCO	(ICUBE-Q)

Human spaceflight capability

See also: List of human spaceflight programs and List of space stations by country

This small group of countries/space agencies have demonstrated the highest technological capacity with systems and solutions that support human spaceflight along with the ancillary technological capabilities to support human activity in orbit and/or on extraterrestrial bodies. The missions identified (and personnel when appropriate) are the first successful accomplishments of each activity.

Overview of space agencies human spaceflight capability

Space agency	Demonstrated capability
	Crewed space launch	EVA	Rendezvous and docking	Space station	Crewed circumlunar flight	Crewed Moon landing
CNSA	(Shenzhou 5)	(Shenzhou 7)	(Shenzhou 8 to Tiangong-1)	(Tiangong-1)
ISRO			(SDX01 to SDX02 — as part of SpaDeX)
Roscosmos	(Soyuz TM-14)	(Mir, Aleksandr Volkov and Sergei Krikalev)	(Soyuz TM-14 to ISS)	(Mir)
Soviet space program	(Vostok 1)	(Voskhod 2, Alexei Leonov)	(Soyuz 4 to Soyuz 5)	(Salyut 1)
NASA[102]	(Mercury-Redstone 3)	(Gemini 4, Ed White)	(Gemini 8 to GATV)	(Skylab)	(Apollo 8)	(Apollo 11)

Proposed agencies

• Albanian Space Office (ASO), proposed in 2020, at progress stage.^[122]
• Armenian Space Agency (ArmCosmos), proposed in 2013 with the goal to launch satellites, currently negotiating with the International Telecommunication Union to clear the path for its prospective launch.^[123]
• Bhutan Space Office (BSO), proposed in 2016, at progress stage.^[124]
• Botswana Aeronautics and Space Agency (BotswanaSpace), proposed in 2020, at progress stage.^[125]
• Cambodian Aeronautics and Space Office (CASO), proposed in 2016, at progress stage.^[126]
• Croatian Space Agency (CROSA), proposed in 2020, currently operates as NGO Adriatic Aerospace Association (A3), at progress stage.^[127][128]
• Djibouti National Space Office, announced in 2022, at bill stage.^[129]
• Guatemala Space Agency, proposed in 2019, at progress stage.^[130][131]
• Honduras Space Agency (AEH), proposed in 2018, at progress stage.^[132]
•  Iraq, proposed in 2019, at progress stage.^[133]
• Lao Aeronautics and Space Agency (LaoSpace), proposed in 2015, at progress stage.^[134]
• Latvia Space Office (LSO), proposed in 2020, at progress stage.^[135]
• Malta Space Office (MSO), proposed in 2022, at progress stage.^[136]
• Moldova National Space Office, proposed in 2018, at progress stage.^[137]
• Monaco Space Agency, proposed in 2020, at progress stage.^[138]
• Montenegrin National Bureau of Space, announced in 2022, bill stage.^[139]
• Myanmar Aeronautics and Space Agency (MASA), proposed in 2019, at progress stage.^[140][141]
• Nepal Aeronautics and Space Office, proposed in 2018, at progress stage.^[142]
• Nicaraguan Space Agency (AEN), announced in 2021, bill stage.^[143][144]
• Oman Space Agency (OSA), proposed in 2020, at progress stage.^[145][146]
• Panama Space Agency (AEP), proposed in 2014, at progress stage.^[147]
• Serbian Space Office, proposed in 2016, at progress stage.^[148]
• Slovenian National Bureau of Space, proposed in 2019, at progress stage.^[149][150]
• Sri Lanka Aeronautics and Space Agency (SLASA), proposed in 2009. Immediate goal was to construct and launch two satellites. Sri Lankan Telecommunications Regulatory Commission had signed an agreement with Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd to get the relevant help and resources.^[151]
• Sudan Space Agency, proposed in 2017, at progress stage.^[152]
• Tanzanian National Space Agency (TNSA), proposed in 2021, at progress stage.^[153]
• Uruguayan Space Agency, (AEU) Announced in 2021, bill stage.^[154]

Budgets

The annual budgets listed are the official budgets of national space agencies available in public domain.^[155][156] For European contributors to ESA, the national budgets shown include also their contributions to ESA.

Budgets of space agencies

Agency	Budget (US$ millions)	Year	Reference
NASA	25,400	2025	[157][158]
CNSA	18,150	2023	[159]
Austria  Belgium  Czech Republic  Denmark  European Union  Finland  France  Germany  Greece  Ireland  Italy  Luxembourg  Netherlands  Norway  Poland  Portugal  Romania  Spain  Sweden  Switzerland  United Kingdom ESA	7,790	2024	[160][161]
CNES	3,521	2022	[162]
JAXA	2,388	2022	[163]
Roscosmos	2,011	2022	[164]
ISRO	1,831	2022	[165][166]
ASI	1,685	2024	[167]
GAC	1,424	2021	[168]
AEE	739	2023	[169]
KARI	701	2021	[170]
UKSA	604	2021	[171]
CSA	460	2019	[172]
ASA	394	2020	[173]
ISAB	260	2020	[174]
ISA, ISRC and ARI	222	2024	[175]
SSO	177	2019	[160]
NSO	150	2022	[176]
SNSA	120	2022	[177]
SSAU	107	2022	[178]
NSA	103	2019	[179]
TSA	66	2025	[180]
ASA	75	2020	[181]
BSA	68	2022	[182]
PSA	64	2020	[183]
CONAE	63	2022	[184]
NIAS	54	2022	[185][186]
SUPARCO	50	2019	[187][188]
PSA	38	2019	[189]
NSRDA	36	2020	[190]
ASA	35	2020	[191][192]
ISA	17	2020	[193]
SANSA	15	2020	[194]
MASA	4	2022	[195]
CSA	1	2014
World	~62,000

See also

• Outer space portal
• Spaceflight portal

• Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
• Lists of astronomical objects
• SEDS
• Lists of spacecraft
• Lists of astronauts
• Lists of space scientists

Notes

1. • Failed projects like "Colmena" of the MSA/AEM (Mexican Space Agency/Agencia Espacial Mejicana) are not included in this list.
   • ISA (Israel Space Agency) does have launch vehicles (Shavit 2) but not powerful enough to reach further than Earth orbit.
   • This list doesn't include the previous space agencies.

References

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External links

• Space Law Blog
• Space Agencies Worldwide by UN HDI
• World map showing location of all these space agencies
• Worldwide Space Agencies by UNOOSA
• List of space agencies in Africa