Myrto

This article is about a wife of Socrates. For figures named Myrto in Greek mythology, see Myrto (mythology).

Myrto (/ˈmɜːrtoʊ/; Greek: Μυρτώ; fl. 5th century BC) was, according to some accounts, a wife of Socrates.

Socrates, his two Wives, and Alcibiades. Painting by Reyer van Blommendael

Sources

The original source for the claim that she was Socrates' wife appears to have been a work by Aristotle called On Being Well-Born,^[1][2][3] although Plutarch expresses doubt that the work is genuine. She was apparently the daughter,^[3] or, more probably, the granddaughter of Aristides.^[2] A different account of Xanthippe and Myrto is given in Aristoxenus's Life of Socrates written in the latter part of the fourth century BC that Aristoxenus asserts is based on first-person accounts by his father. This claims that Myrto was his legitimate wife and Xanthippe his mistress, whose child became legitimate.^[4]

Although Diogenes Laërtius describes Myrto as Socrates' second wife living alongside Xanthippe, Myrto was presumably a common-law wife,^[5] and Plutarch describes Myrto as merely living "together with the sage Socrates, who had another woman but took up this one as she remained a widow due to her poverty and lacked the necessities of life."^[2] Athenaeus and Diogenes Laërtius report that Hieronymus of Rhodes attempted to confirm the story by pointing to a temporary decree the Athenians passed:

For they say that the Athenians were short of men and, wishing to increase the population, passed a decree permitting a citizen to marry one Athenian woman and have children by another; and that Socrates accordingly did so.

— Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 26

Neither Plato nor Xenophon mention Myrto, and not everyone in ancient times believed the story: according to Athenaeus, Panaetius "refuted those who talk about the wives of Socrates."^[1]

The story has generally not been believed by modern scholars, though some have accepted it – for instance J. W. Fitton, who argues that Myrto was Socrates' wife whereas Xanthippe was a citizen pallake ("concubine").^[6][7]

Notes

1. Athenaeus, xiii. 555D–556A
2. Plutarch, Aristides, xxvii. 3–4
3. Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 26
4. Huffman, Carl (2012). Aristoxenus of Tarentum. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-315-08215-8. OCLC 777330122.
5. Luis E. Navia (1985), Socrates, the man and his philosophy, p. 78
6. Nails, Debra (2002). The People of Plato: A Prosopography of Plato and Other Socratics. Hackett. p. 209. ISBN 978-0-87220-564-2.
7. Fitton, J. W. (1970). ""That was no lady, that was..."". Classical Quarterly. 20 (1). JSTOR 637508.

Further reading

• Fitton, J. W. (1970). "'That Was No Lady, That Was...'". The Classical Quarterly. 20 (1): 56–66. ISSN 0009-8388. JSTOR 637508.
• Woodbury, Leonard (1973). "Socrates and the Daughter of Aristides". Phoenix. 27 (1): 7–25. doi:10.2307/1087907. ISSN 0031-8299. JSTOR 1087907.