Myogenin

Myogenin, is a transcriptional activator encoded by the MYOG gene.^[5] Myogenin is a muscle-specific basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor involved in the coordination of skeletal muscle development or myogenesis and repair. Myogenin is a member of the MyoD family of transcription factors, which also includes MyoD, Myf5, and MRF4.

MYOG
Identifiers
Aliases	MYOG, MYF4, bHLHc3, myf-4, myogenin (myogenic factor 4), myogenin
External IDs	OMIM: 159980; MGI: 97276; HomoloGene: 1854; GeneCards: MYOG; OMA:MYOG - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1q32.1 Start 203,083,129 bp[1] End 203,086,012 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 1 (mouse)[2] Band 1 E4|1 58.18 cM Start 134,217,727 bp[2] End 134,220,286 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in muscle of thigh gastrocnemius muscle glutes triceps brachii muscle Skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii vastus lateralis muscle tibialis anterior muscle jejunum mouth Top expressed in myotome superior surface of tongue internal carotid artery human fetus pineal gland plantaris muscle dermis ankle joint extraocular muscle muscle of thigh More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function sequence-specific DNA binding DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding protein dimerization activity DNA-binding transcription factor activity DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding E-box binding protein binding protein heterodimerization activity transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding chromatin DNA binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific Cellular component transcription regulator complex protein-DNA complex nucleus nucleoplasm Biological process cellular response to retinoic acid positive regulation of myotube differentiation cell differentiation myotube differentiation negative regulation of glycolytic process regulation of transcription, DNA-templated cellular response to lithium ion ossification positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation response to muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation muscle cell fate commitment cellular response to growth factor stimulus cellular response to estradiol stimulus positive regulation of oxidative phosphorylation muscle organ development striated muscle atrophy mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II cellular response to magnetism positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development transcription, DNA-templated multicellular organism development positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated response to gravity positive regulation of myoblast fusion positive regulation of muscle atrophy skeletal muscle tissue regeneration positive regulation of myoblast differentiation skeletal muscle fiber development response to electrical stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation skeletal muscle atrophy skeletal muscle cell differentiation response to denervation involved in regulation of muscle adaptation cell cycle regulation of myoblast fusion myoblast differentiation regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation skeletal muscle tissue development response to muscle activity positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of cell population proliferation cellular response to tumor necrosis factor Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 4656 17928 Ensembl ENSG00000122180 ENSMUSG00000026459 UniProt P15173 P12979 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002479 NM_031189 RefSeq (protein) NP_002470 NP_112466 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 203.08 – 203.09 Mb Chr 1: 134.22 – 134.22 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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In mice, myogenin is essential for the development of functional skeletal muscle. Myogenin is required for the proper differentiation of most myogenic precursor cells during the process of myogenesis. When the DNA coding for myogenin was knocked out of the mouse genome, severe skeletal muscle defects were observed. Mice lacking both copies of myogenin (homozygous-null) suffer from perinatal lethality due to the lack of mature secondary skeletal muscle fibers throughout the body.^[6][7]

In cell culture, myogenin can induce myogenesis in a variety of non-muscle cell types.

Interactions

Myogenin has been shown to interact with:

• MDFI,^[8]
• POLR2C,^[9]
• Serum response factor^[10][11]
• Sp1 transcription factor,^[10] and
• TCF3.^[12][13]