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Mylohyus is an extinct genus of peccary found in North and Central America. It first evolved during the Late Miocene and became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene, around 12,000 years ago, during the Late Pleistocene megafaunal extinction.
| Mylohyus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| M. nasutus, Texas Science & Natural History Museum | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Artiodactyla |
| Family: | Tayassuidae |
| Genus: | †Mylohyus Cope, 1869 |
| Species | |
| |
Six species were known, the most famous being Mylohyus nasutus, also known as the long-nosed peccary. It went extinct at the end of the Rancholabrean North American Land Mammal Age.[1]: 21 The genus was slightly larger-bodied than any modern peccaries, with an estimated mass of 68 kg (150 lb).[2]
Isotope and anatomical studies have suggested that the diet of Mylohyus varied over geological time, from being primarily a C3 browser during the Blancan, with an increasing consumption of C4 vegetation during the Irvingtonian, with a relatively even mixture of C3 and C4 during the Rancholabrean. Suggestions have been made that it was frugivorous and also consumed hard browse like twigs.[3] Mylohyus was able to coexist with close phylogenetic relatives because of efficient niche partitioning between it and other genera of peccaries.[4]
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The long-nosed peccary was about 0.75 metres (2.5 ft) in height and 67 kilograms (148 lb) in weight.[5] It had an elongated face, long, thin legs and dewclaws.[1]: 21
During the last glacial, long-nosed peccaries, sensu lato, were distributed throughout southeastern North America with concentrations in Appalachia and Florida. Most fossil localities containing this species are found in the southern and south-eastern U.S., from west Texas to Florida, and north to Pennsylvania. Mylohyus nasutus, if considered to be a different species than M. fossilis, occupied the western part of this range, but their classification as separate species is disputed.[1]: 22–23 According to Lundelius, these species or forms co-occur in the Cumberland Cave deposits in Maryland.[6]: 34
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Unlike the flat-headed peccary, Platygonus compressus, the long-nosed peccary was probably a solitary animal and did not frequent caves.[7]
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