Muzaffarids (Gujarat)
Indian dynasty of Gujarat from 1391 to 1583 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Muzaffarid dynasty, also called the Muzaffarids, and sometimes, the Ahmedabad dynasty, ruled the Sultanate of Gujarat in western India from 1391 to 1583. The founder of the dynasty was Zafar Khan (later Muzaffar Shah I) who was governor of Gujarat under the Delhi Sultanate. When the Sultanate was weakened by the sacking of Delhi by Timur in 1398, and Zafar Khan took the opportunity to establish himself as sultan of an independent Gujarat. His Grand son, Ahmed Shah I established the capital at Ahmedabad.[1] The dynasty ruled for almost 200 years, until the conquest of Gujarat by the Mughal Empire in 1572.[2] The sultanate reached its peak of expansion under Mahmud Begada, reaching east into Malwa and west to the Gulf of Kutch.[3]
Origins
Summarize
Perspective
The Muzaffarid dynasty was founded by Zafar Khan son of Saharan Kalal, a wine seller, in a Muslim Kalal family. His aunt (sister of Saharan) married into Tughlaq royal family after which they converted to Islam.[4][5]
In medieval history, historians wrote about his family belonging to Khummars or Kalals, also known for hereditary occupation of wine selling.[6][7][5][8]
Zafar Khan's father Saharan, has been variously described as a Chaudhary[9] who was an agriculturist by profession, and a member of Kalal tribe. Tank is a Kalal subcaste which claim Haihaya Kshatriya descent and have customs similar to that of Rajputs.[4][10]
Some recent claims suggest he might have been a Tank Rajput[9] from Thanesar in modern-day Haryana,[11] or a Tānk Khatri[12] from southern Punjab,[13] or even a Jat convert to Islam.[14][15] These claims are not supported by medieval historians and texts which suggest the family origin to be related with Kalal tribe.[7][5][6] They converted to Islam after marriage of Zafar's paternal aunt in Tughlaq royal family, after which family rose to prominence.[4]
During the reign of Bahadur Shah, the Gujarat kingdom was described to be of Afghan origin.[16][17][18] Zafar Khan adopted the name Wajih-ul-Mulk. Wajih-ul-Mulk and his brother were influential Chaudharis who were agriculturists by profession but could also muster thousands of fighting men on their call.[19] His Hindu forebears claimed descent from Rāmachandra, who the Hindus worshipped as God. Such genealogies were fabricated to glorify royalty and were generally not accepted.[20] When the Sultanate was weakened by the sacking of Delhi by Timur in 1398, and Zafar Khan took the opportunity to establish himself as sultan of an independent Gujarat. His grand son, Ahmed Shah I established the capital at Ahmedabad.[21] The dynasty ruled for almost 200 years, until the conquest of Gujarat by the Mughal Empire in 1572.[2] The sultanate reached its peak of expansion under Mahmud Begada, reaching east into Malwa and west to the Gulf of Kutch.[3]
Sultans of Gujarat Sultanate
| Title/Name[22] | Personal Name | Reign | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah I شمس الدین مظفر شاہ اول |
Zafar Khan | 1391–1403 (1st Reign) | |
| Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad Shah I نصیر الدین محمد شاہ اول |
Tatar Khan | 1403–1404 | |
| Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah I شمس الدین مظفر شاہ اول |
Zafar Khan | 1404–1411 (2nd Reign) | |
| Nasir-ud-Din Ahmad Shah I ناصر الدین احمد شاہ اول |
Ahmad Khan | 1411–1442 | |
| Muizz-ud-Din Muhammad Shah II المعز الدین محمد شاہ دوم |
Karim Khan | 1442–1451 | |
| Qutb-ud-Din Ahmad Shah II قطب الدین احمد شاہ دوم |
Jalal Khan | 1451–1458 | |
| Daud Shah داود شاہ |
Daud Khan | 1458 | |
| Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah I (Mahmud Begada) ناصر الدین محمود شاہ اول محمود بگڑا |
Fateh Khan | 25 May 1458 – 23 November 1511 | |
| Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah II شمس الدین مظفر شاہ دوم |
Khalil Khan | 23 November 1511 – 5 April 1526 | |
| Sikandar Shah سکندر شاہ |
Sikandar Khan | 1526 | |
| Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah II ناصر الدین محمود شاہ دوم |
Nasir Khan | 1526 | |
| Qutb-ud-Din Bahadur Shah قطب الدین بہادرشاہ |
Bahadur Khan | 1526–25 April 1535 (1st Reign) | |
| Interregnum Mughal Empire under Humayun: 1535–1536 | |||
| Qutb-ud-Din Bahadur Shah قطب الدین بہادرشاہ |
Bahadur Khan | 1536–13 February 1537 (2nd Reign) | |
| Miran Muhammad Shah I میران محمد شاہ تریہم |
Miran Muhammad Faruqi of Khandesh | 6 weeks; 1537 | |
| Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah III ناصر الدین محمود شاہ تریہم |
Mahmud Khan | 10 May 1537–1554 | |
| Ghiyas-ud-Din Ahmad Shah III غیاث الدین احمد شاہ تریہم |
Ahmad Khan | 1554–1561 | |
| Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah III شمس الدین مظفر شاہ تریہم |
Hubboo[23] or Nannu or Nathu[24](a pretender according to Mughal historians) | 1561–1573 | |
| Interregnum Mughal Empire under Akbar: 1573–1583 | |||
| Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah III شمس الدین مظفر شاہ تریہم |
Hubboo or Nannu or Nathu (a pretender according to Mughal historians) | 1583 (Restored) | |
| Mughal Empire under Akbar | |||
Family tree
| Muzaffar Shah I ?-1411 Governor of Gujarat R.1391-1403, 1404-1407 Sultan of Gujarat R.1407-1411 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Muhammad Shah I ?-1404 Governor of Gujarat R.1403-1404 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ahmad Shah I 1389-1442 Sultan of Gujarat R.1411-1442 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Muhammad Shah II ?-1451 Sultan of Gujarat R.1442-1451 | Daud Shah Sultan of Gujarat R.1458 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ahmad Shah II 1429-1458 Sultan of Gujarat R.1451-1458 | Mahmud Shah I 1445-1511 Sultan of Gujarat R.1458-1511 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Muzaffar Shah II ?-1526 Sultan of Gujarat R.1511-1526 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sikandar Shah ?-1526 Sultan of Gujarat R.1526 | Mahmud Shah II ?-1526 Sultan of Gujarat R.1526 | Bahadur Shah ?-1537 Sultan of Gujarat R.1526-1535, 1536-1537 | Latif Khan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ahmad Shah III ?-1561 Sultan of Gujarat R.1554-1561 | Muzaffar Shah III ?-1592 Sultan of Gujarat R.1561-1573, 1583 | Mahmud Shah III 1526-1554 Sultan of Gujarat R.1537-1554 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See also
Notes
Wikiwand - on
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.