Moshe Safdie

Moshe Safdie
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Moshe Safdie CC FRAIC OAA FAIA
משה ספדיה
	Safdie in 2017
Born	July 14, 1938 (age 86); Haifa, Mandatory Palestine
Nationality	Israeli, Canadian, American
Alma mater	McGill School of Architecture
Occupation(s)	Architect, urban planner, educator, theorist, author
Spouses	; Nina Nusynowicz (m. 1959; div. 1981) ; Michal Ronnen (m. 1981)
Children	4, including Oren
Awards	See list: Gold Medal, American Institute of Architects ; Companion of the Order of Canada ; Gold Medal, Royal Architectural Institute of Canada ; Lifetime Achievement, Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum ; Wolf Prize;
Practice	Safdie Architects (est. 1964)
Projects	See list: Habitat 67 ; Marina Bay Sands ; Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art ; Virasat-e-Khalsa ; Jewel Changi Airport;
Website	safdiearchitects.com

Moshe Safdie (Hebrew: משה ספדיה; born July 14, 1938) is an architect, urban planner, educator, theorist, and author. He is known for incorporating principles of socially responsible design throughout his six-decade career. His projects include cultural, educational, and civic institutions such as neighborhoods and public parks, housing, mixed-use urban centers, and airports. He also had master plans for existing communities and entirely new cities in the Americas, the Middle East, and Asia.^[2] Safdie is most identified with designing Marina Bay Sands and Jewel Changi Airport, as well as his debut project Habitat 67, which was originally conceived as his thesis at McGill University.^[3] He holds legal citizenship in Israel, Canada, and the United States.^[4]

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Safdie was born in the city of Haifa, Mandatory Palestine, to a family of Syrian Jews. His father was from Aleppo, and his mother, whose family had its origins in Aleppo, was from Manchester.^[5]^[6]^[7] He was nine years old and living in Haifa when the Israeli Declaration of Independence was issued by David Ben-Gurion.^[5] After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, he lived on a kibbutz^[8] where he tended goats and kept bees. In 1953, the Israeli government restricted imports in response to an economic and currency crisis, severely affecting Safdie's father's textile business.^[9] Consequently, when Safdie was 15, his family emigrated from Israel to Canada and settled down in the city of Montreal, where he attended Westmount High School.^[10]^: 13

In September 1955, Safdie registered for the six-year architectural degree program at the McGill University Faculty of Engineering. In his fifth year, Safdie was named University Scholar. The following summer, he was awarded the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) scholarship. He traveled across North America to observe housing developments in the continent's major cities.^[10]^: 13 In his final year, Safdie developed his thesis, entitled "A Case for City Living," and described as "A Three-Dimensional Modular Building System."^[11] He received his degree in 1961.^[10]^: 14 Two years later, while apprenticing with Estonian-American architect Louis Kahn, Safdie's thesis advisor, Dutch-Canadian architect Sandy van Ginkel, invited him to submit his modular project for the World Exposition of 1967.^[11] Constructed permanently in Montreal, the sight of the World Exposition of 1967, it became known as Habitat 67.

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In 1964, Safdie established Safdie Architects in Montreal to undertake work on Habitat 67, an adaptation of his thesis at McGill University.^[12]^[13] Habitat 67 was selected by Canada as a central feature of Expo 67. The project launched the design and implementation of three-dimensional, prefabricated units for living. Safdie designed the complex as a neighborhood with open spaces, garden terraces, and many other amenities typically reserved for the single-family home and adapted to a high-density urban environment.^[14]

In 1970, Safdie established a branch office of his practice in Jerusalem.^[12] During this period, Safdie combined his interests in social activism and advanced technologies with respect for historical and regional context.^[15] He worked on the restoration of the Old City and the construction of Mamilla Mall, linking old and new cities. Other significant works in Israel include the New City of Modi’in, the Yad Vashem Holocaust History Museum, Yitzhak Rabin Center for Israel Studies, Ben Gurion International Airport, National Campus for the Archeology of Israel, multiple projects for Hebrew Union College, and others. During this period, Safdie also worked with leaders in Senegal and Iran.^[12] Safdie was consulted on integrated geometry during the development of the Merkava tank by General Israel Tal.^[16]

Later, Safdie received commissions for public buildings in Canada: the National Gallery of Canada,^[17] the Quebec Museum of Civilization, and Vancouver Library Square. Other notable cultural works include the Khalsa Heritage Memorial Complex, the national museum of the Sikh people in Punjab, India; the United States Institute of Peace Headquarters on the Mall in Washington, DC; the Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts in Kansas City, Missouri; and the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas.

Safdie has worked on projects in emerging markets, and brought projects to completion in shorter periods, at larger scales.^[15] including: Marina Bay Sands, a mixed-use resort integrated with Singapore's iconic Skypark; Jewel Changi Airport, a new community-centric airport typology combining marketplace and garden; and Raffles City Chongqing, a mixed-use development featuring over one million square meters of housing, office, retail, transportation, and hotel programs. To connect four towers in Chongqing, China, he designed a sky bridge that has been referred to as the world's longest "Horizontal Skyscraper."^[18] Safdie and his team have used sky bridges and multi-level connectivity in other projects to make skyscrapers more accessible.^[19]^[20]

Practice

Today, Safdie Architects is headquartered in Somerville, Massachusetts, near Harvard University, with additional offices in Jerusalem, Toronto, Shanghai, and Singapore.^[21] The business is organized as a partnership.^[22]

Safdie formed a research program within his office to pursue the advanced investigation of design topics. The practice-oriented fellowship explores speculative ideas outside normal business practice constraints. Fellows work independently with Safdie and firm principals to formulate specific proposals and research plans. The salaried position is in-residence, with full access to project teams and outside consultants. Past fellowships include Habitat of the Future, Mobility on Demand, and Tall Buildings in the city.^[23]

In December 2023, Safdie Architects announced it was suspending its involvement in controversial hotel development in Jerusalem's Armenian quarter, citing "controversy surrounding the land lease agreement".^[24] This followed an attack by some 30 armed masked individuals on Armenian community members holding a vigil at the site. The Armenian Patriarchate in Jerusalem accused Danny Rothman, Safdie Architects' client for the project, of organizing the attack.^[25]

Academia

In 1978, after teaching at McGill, Ben Gurion, and Yale universities, Safdie was appointed Director of the Urban Design Program at Harvard University's Graduate School of Design (GSD) and moved to Boston, Massachusetts. He served as Director until 1984. From 1984 to 1989, he was the Ian Woodner Professor of Architecture and Urban Design at Harvard.^[26] Safdie continues to work closely with the GSD, frequently teaching design studio; Notably, Rethinking the Humanist High-Rise (2019) and Rethinking Hudson Yards (2017).^[27]^[28]

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In 1959, Safdie married Nina Nusynowicz, a Polish-Israeli Holocaust survivor. Safdie and Nusynowicz have two children, a daughter and a son. Both were born during the inception and erection of Habitat 67. Just before its opening, Safdie and his young family moved into the development. Safdie and Nusynowicz divorced in 1981. His daughter Taal is an architect in San Diego, a partner of the firm Safdie Rabines Architects; His son Oren is a playwright who has written several plays about architecture. Safdie's great-nephews are independent filmmakers, Josh and Benny.

In 1981, Safdie married Michal Ronnen, a Jerusalem-born photographer and daughter of artist Vera Ronnen. Safdie and Ronnen have two daughters, Carmelle and Yasmin. Carmelle is an artist, and Yasmin is a social worker.

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2020: Genius Award, Liberty Science Center^[12]`
2020: Lynn S. Beedle Lifetime Achievement Award, Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH)
2019: Honorary Doctorate, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
2019: Wolf Prize in Architecture, International Wolf Foundation
2018: Lifetime Achievement Award, Design Futures Council
2018: Shortlisted for the European Cultural Centre Architecture Award
2017: Honorary Doctorate, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
2015: Gold Medal, American Institute of Architects
2012: Medaille du Merite, Ordre des architectes du Québec
2005: Companion Order of Canada, Governor General-in-Council of Canada
2003: Lifetime Achievement Award, YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
2002: Honorary Fellow, Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland
2001: Honorary Doctorate, Hebrew College
1997: Jewish Cultural Achievement Award in the Visual Arts, National Foundation for Jewish Culture
1996: Honorary Doctorate in Engineering, Technical University of Nova Scotia
1996: Academy Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1995: Gold Medal, Royal Architectural Institute of Canada
1995: College of Fellows, American Institute of Architects
1993: Richard Neutra Award for Professional Excellence, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
1989: Honorary Doctorate in Fine Arts, University of Victoria
1988: Honorary Doctorate in Sciences, Laval University
1987: Mt. Scopus Award for Humanitarianism, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
1986: The Order of Canada, Governor General-in-Council of Canada
1982: Honorary Doctor of Law, McGill University
1982: Tau Sigma Delta Gold Medal for Distinction in Design, Tau Sigma Delta Grand Chapter
1961: Lieutenant Governor's gold medal for Exceptional Merit, Lieutenant Governor of Québec

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2017: Habitat 67 vers l’avenir: The Shape of Things to Come, Université du Québec à Montréal
2010–2014: Global Citizen: The Architecture of Moshe Safdie, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada / Skirball Cultural Center, Los Angeles, California / Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Bentonville, Arkansas, USA
2012–2013: Moshe Safdie: The Path to Crystal Bridges, Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Bentonville, Arkansas, USA
2004: An Architect's Vision: Moshe Safdie’s Jepson Center for the Arts, Telfair Museum of Art, Savannah, Georgia, USA
2003–2004: Building a New Museum, Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, Massachusetts, USA
1998: Moshe Safdie, Museum Architecture 1971–1998, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
1989: Moshe Safdie, Projects: 1979–1989, Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
1985: The National Gallery of Canada, Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA / National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
1982: Context, Traveling exhibit sponsored by New York Institute for the Humanities
1973–1974: For Everyone A Garden, Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, Maryland, USA / National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada / San Francisco MoMA, San Francisco, California, USA

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2020: "Moshe Safdie: Another Dimension of Architecture," I-Talk Productions
2018: "Time Space Existence," Plane-Site
2004: "Moshe Safdie: The Power of Architecture," Dir. Donald Winkler
2003: "My Architect: A Son’s Journey," Dir. Nathaniel Kahn
1997: "The Sound of the Carceri with Yo-Yo Ma," Dir. Francois Girard
1973: "The Innocent Door" / "Coldspring New Town," National Film Board of Canada

The Moshe Safdie Archive, donated to McGill University by the architect in 1990, is one of the most extensive individual collections of architectural documentation in Canada.^[8] Comprising material from 235 projects, the Moshe Safdie Archive records the progression of Safdie's career from his first unpublished university papers to Safdie Architects' current projects. The collection includes over 140,000 drawings, over 200 architectural models, extensive project files, audiovisual and digital material, as well as over 100,000 project photos and travel slides, 215 personal sketchbooks, and 2,250 large sketches.^[8] Administered by the McGill University Library, a list of physical holdings are available to researchers.

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1967: Habitat 67 at Expo 67 World's Fair, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
1987: Musée de la Civilisation, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
1988: National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
1989: New City of Modi'in, Israel
1989: Esplanade Condominiums, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.
1991: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
1992: The Class of 1959 Chapel, Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
1994: John G. Diefenbaker Building, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
1994: Rosovsky Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.
1995: Yad Vashem Children's and Deportees Memorials, Jerusalem
1995: Vancouver Library Square, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
1998: David Citadel Hotel and David's Village, Jerusalem
1998: Hebrew Union College, Jerusalem
1999: Yitzhak Rabin Center for Israel Studies and Rabin Tomb, Tel Aviv, Israel
2000: Exploration Place Science Museum, Wichita, Kansas, U.Sm
2003: Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, Massachusetts, U.S. [12]
2003: Salt Lake City Public Library, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.
2003: Cairnhill Road Condominiums, Singapore
2003: Eleanor Roosevelt College, University of California, San Diego, California, U.S.
2004: Airside Building of Terminal 3, Ben Gurion International Airport, Tel Aviv, Israel
2005: Yad Vashem Holocaust History Museum, Jerusalem
2006: Jepson Center for the Arts at Telfair Museum of Art, Savannah, Georgia, U.S.
2007: Terminal 1, Toronto Pearson International Airport, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
2008: United States Federal Courthouse, District of Massachusetts, Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.
2008: Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) Headquarters, Washington, D.C., U.S.
2009: Mamilla Center, Jerusalem
2009: Mamilla Hotel, Jerusalem
2010: Marina Bay Sands Integrated Resort, Singapore
2010: ArtScience Museum, Marina Bay Sands, Singapore
2011: United States Institute of Peace Headquarters, Washington, D.C., U.S.
2011: Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts, Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.
2011: Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Bentonville, Arkansas, U.S.
2011: Khalsa Heritage Memorial Complex (Virasat-e-Khalsa), Anandpur Sahib, Punjab, India
2013: Skirball Cultural Center, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
2012: Sky Habitat, Singapore
2017: Eling Residences, Chongqing, PRC
2017: Habitat Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, PRC
2019: National Campus for the Archaeology of Israel, Jerusalem
2019: Monde Residential Development, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
2019: Jewel Changi Airport, Singapore
2020: Raffles City Chongqing, Chongqing, PRC
2021: Serena del Mar, Cartagena, Colombia
2021: Altair, Colombo, Sri Lanka

With Intention to Build: The Unrealized Concepts, Ideas, and Dreams of Moshe Safdie. Ed. Michael Crosbie. Melbourne, Victoria: Images Publishing Group, 2020.
"The Story of Israeli Architecture in Singapore" in Beating the Odds Together: 50 Years of Singapore-Israel Ties. Ed. Mattia Tomba. Singapore: World Scientific Book, 2019 . ISBN 978-981-121-468-4 OCLC 1122747159
Megascale, Order & Complexity. Ed. Michael Jemtrud. Montreal: McGill University School of Architecture, 2009.
The City After the Automobile: An Architect's Vision. With Wendy Kohn. New York: Basic Books; Toronto: Stoddart Publishing Co., 1997.
The Language and Medium of Architecture (lecture at Harvard University Graduate School of Design delivered November 15, 1989)
Jerusalem: The Future of the Past. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1989.
Beyond Habitat by 20 Years. Ed. John Kettle. Montreal and Plattsburgh, NY: Tundra Books, 1987.
The Harvard Jerusalem Studio: Urban Designs for the Holy City]. Asst. eds. Rudy Barton and Uri Shetrit. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1985.
Form & Purpose. Ed. John Kettle. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982.
Habitat Bill of Rights With Nader Ardalan, George Candilis, Balkrishna V. Doshi, and Josep Lluís Sert. Imperial Government of Iran Ministry of Housing, 1976.
For Everyone A Garden. Ed. Judith Wolin. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1974.
Beyond Habitat. Ed. John Kettle. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1970.
Habitat. Montreal: Tundra Books, 1967.

Jewel Changi Airport. Melbourne, Victoria: Images Publishing Group, 2020.
Safdie. Mulgrave, Victoria: Images Publishing Group, 2014.
Reaching for the Sky: The Marina Bay Sands Singapore. Singapore: ORO Editions, 2013.
Peace Building: The Mission, Work, and Architecture of the United States Institute of Peace. Dalton, MA: The Studley Press, 2011.
Valentin, Nilda, ed. Moshe Safdie. Rome: Edizione Kappa, 2010.
Moshe Safdie I. Mulgrave, Victoria: Images Publishing Group, 2009.
Moshe Safdie II. Mulgrave, Victoria: Images Publishing Group, 2009.
Global Citizen: The Architecture of Moshe Safdie. New York:Scala Publishers, Ltd., 2007.
Yad Vashem: Moshe Safdie – The Architecture of Memory. Baden, Switzerland: Lars Müller Publishers, 2006.
Moshe Safdie, Museum Architecture 1971–1988. Tel Aviv: Genia Schreiber University Art Gallery, Tel Aviv University, 1998.
Kohn, Wendy, ed. Moshe Safdie. London: Academy Editions, 1996.
Moshe Safdie: Buildings and Projects, 1967–1992. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, 1996.
Rybczynski, Witold. A Place for Art: The Architecture of the National Gallery of Canada. Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada, 1993.
Montreal Museum of Fine Arts: Jean-Noël Desmarais Pavilion. Montreal: Montreal Museum of Arts, 1991.