Monimus

For the Macedonian officer, see Monimus (general).

Monimus (/ˈmɒnɪməs/; Greek: Μόνιμος; 4th century BC) of Syracuse, Magna Graecia, was a Cynic philosopher.

Monimus of Syracuse
Μόνιμος
Monimus of Syracuse
Born	c. 4th century BC Syracuse, Sicily
Era	Ancient philosophy
Region	Ancient Greek philosophy
School	Cynicism
Main interests	Problem of the criterion
Notable ideas	All is vanity ("typhos")

Biography

According to Diogenes Laërtius, Monimus was the slave of a Corinthian money-changer who heard tales about Diogenes of Sinope from Xeniades, Diogenes' master. In order that he might become the pupil of Diogenes, Monimus feigned madness by throwing money around until his master discarded him. Monimus also became acquainted with Crates of Thebes.^[1] Menander claimed that Monimus held three beggar's wallets instead of one; this may have been intended to imply that Monimus was three times as much of a Cynic as others, or might have been a satire implying that he was more fond of money than was considered proper for a Cynic philosopher.^[2]

Philosophy

According to both Diogenes Laërtius^[3] and Sextus Empiricus,^[4] Monimus abolished the criterion, meaning that he rejected the idea that there was any standard of judgment for attaining knowledge.^[2] According to Sextus Empiricus, Monimus was like Anaxarchus because they "compared existing things to a scene-painting and supposed them to resemble the impressions experienced in sleep or madness."^[5] Monimus was famous for saying that "everything is vanity"^[6](τῦφος, tuphos, literally 'mist' or 'smoke'). In book two of Meditations, Marcus Aurelius writes:

There is obvious truth to the Cynic Monimus' statement that 'all is opinion'; and obvious, too, is the usefulness of this statement if a man profits from it insofar as it is true.^[7]

According to Stobaeus, Monimus also said that "it was better to lack sight than education, because under the first affliction, you fall to the ground, under the latter, deep underground,"^[8] and he also said that "Wealth is the vomiting of Fortune."^[9]

Works

According to Diogenes Laërtius, Monimus wrote two books: On Impulses, and an Exhortation to Philosophy, and he also wrote some jests mixed with serious themes^[10] (presumably related to Cynic-style spoudogeloia). Another work by Monimus, A Collection of Wonderful Events, is quoted by Clement of Alexandria.^[11]

Notes

1. Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 82
2. Rankin 1983, p. 238.
3. vi. 82-83
4. Adv. Math VII 221
5. Sextus Empiricus, Against the Logicians, 7.88.
6. Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 83; compare Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, ii. 15.
7. Meditations by Marcus Aurelius, trans. Maxwell Staniforth. §2.15
8. Stobaeus, Florilegium, ii. 13. 88
9. Stobaeus, Florilegium, iv. 31. 89
10. Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 83
11. Clement of Alexandria, Exhortations, 3.1

References

•  Laërtius, Diogenes (1925). "The Cynics: Monimus" . Lives of the Eminent Philosophers. Vol. 2:6. Translated by Hicks, Robert Drew (Two volume ed.). Loeb Classical Library.
• Rankin, H. D. (1983). Sophists, Socratics and Cynics. Croom Helm. p. 238. ISBN 978-0-7099-2223-0. Retrieved 3 August 2023.

External links

• Media related to Monimus at Wikimedia Commons