Minahasan languages
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Minahasan languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages spoken by the Minahasa people in northern Sulawesi, Indonesia. They belong to the Philippine subgroup.
| Minahasan | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | North Sulawesi, Indonesia |
| Ethnicity | Minahasans |
| Linguistic classification | Austronesian
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | mina1272 |
Considerable lexical influence comes from Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, and Ternate, a historical legacy of the presence of foreign powers.[1][2] The Minahasan languages are distinct from the Manado Malay (Minahasa Malay) language, which is Malayic in origin, and has been displacing the indigenous languages of the area.[3][4]
Classification
The languages are Tonsawang, Tontemboan, Tondano, Tombulu and Tonsea.[5]
The Minahasan languages are classified as a branch of the Philippine subgroup.[6]
The Bantik, Ratahan, and Ponosakan languages, although also spoken in the Minahasa region, are more distantly related, thus not covered by the term in a genealogical sense.[7][8]
Reconstruction
| Proto-Minahasan | |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction of | Minahasan languages |
Reconstructed ancestors | |
Proto-Minahasan (PMin) has been reconstructed by Sneddon (1978).[9] The comparison table (a small selection from Sneddon 1978:120–183) illustrates the correspondences between the Minahasan languages, including inherited vocabulary as well as Minahasan innovations.[10]
| Words inherited from Proto-Austronesian (PAn) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tondano | Tonsea | Tombulu | Tontemboan | Tonsawang | PMin | PAn | Meaning |
| təlu | tədu | təlu | təlu | təlu | *təlu | *təlu | 'three' |
| oat | oat | ohat | oʔat | ohatᶿ | *ohat | *huRaC | 'vein' |
| rui | dui | duhi | duʔi | duhi | *duhi | *duRi | 'bone' |
| ədo | əndo | əndo | əndo | əndo | *əndo | *qaləjaw | 'sun' |
| pate | pate | pate | pate | patᶿe | *pate | *paCay | 'kill' |
| Minahasan innovations | |||||||
| Tondano | Tonsea | Tombulu | Tontemboan | Tonsawang | PMin | PAn | Meaning |
| tələs | tələs | tələs | tələs | tələs | *tələs | (*bəli) | 'buy' |
| edo | endo | endo | indo | indo | *indo | (*alaq) | 'take' |
See also
References
External links
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