Metaves

Metaves ("other birds") is a controversial group proposed by Fain & Houde (2004)^[1] and later rescued on the studies of Ericson et al. (2006)^[2] and Hackett et al. (2008).^[3] This group consists of several lineages that diversified early in Neornithes evolution. These lineages include Strisores (hummingbirds, swifts, nightjars and allies), pigeons, sandgrouses, mesites, Eurypygae (sunbittern and kagu), tropicbirds and Mirandornithes (flamingos and grebes), but the exact members of Metaves and their relationship differs between those studies, and the group is only supported by the β-fibrinogen gene.^[4][5]

Metavians
Sunbittern (Eurypyga helias)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Clade:	Neoaves
Clade:	Metaves Fain & Houde, 2004
Subgroups
Columbimorphae Mirandornithes Eurypygimorphae Strisores

References

1. Fain, Matthew G. & Houde, Peter (2004). "Parallel radiations in the primary clades of birds" (PDF). Evolution. 58 (11): 2558–2573. doi:10.1554/04-235. PMID 15612298. S2CID 1296408. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-07.
2. Ericson, P.G.P. et al. (2006) Diversification of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils Archived 2008-03-07 at the Wayback Machine. Biology Letters, 2(4):543–547
3. Hackett, S.J. et al. (2008) A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History. Science, 320(5884):1763–1768.
4. Mayr G. (2011). "Metaves, Mirandornithes, Strisores and other novelties - a critical review of the higher-level phylogeny of neornithine birds". J Zool Syst Evol Res. 49: 58–76. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00586.x.
5. Naish, D. (2012). "Birds." Pp. 379-423 in Brett-Surman, M.K., Holtz, T.R., and Farlow, J. O. (eds.), The Complete Dinosaur (Second Edition). Indiana University Press (Bloomington & Indianapolis).