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Penumbral From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A penumbral lunar eclipse will occur at the Moon’s ascending node of orbit on Wednesday, May 7, 2031,[1] with an umbral magnitude of −0.0892. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 2 days before perigee (on May 9, 2031, at 3:35 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be larger.[2]
| Penumbral eclipse | |||||||||
The Moon's hourly motion shown right to left | |||||||||
| Date | May 7, 2031 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gamma | −1.0694 | ||||||||
| Magnitude | −0.0892 | ||||||||
| Saros cycle | 112 (66 of 72) | ||||||||
| Penumbral | 237 minutes, 21 seconds | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The eclipse will be completely visible over eastern North America, South America, Antarctica, and west Africa, seen rising over western North America and the eastern Pacific Ocean and setting over Africa, Europe, and the Middle East.[3]
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Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[4]
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Penumbral Magnitude | 0.88267 |
| Umbral Magnitude | −0.08921 |
| Gamma | −1.06949 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 02h55m49.7s |
| Sun Declination | +16°44'40.2" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'51.2" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.7" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 14h54m58.0s |
| Moon Declination | -17°47'29.4" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'18.7" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°59'52.0" |
| ΔT | 74.5 s |
This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one synodic month.
| May 7 Ascending node (full moon) | May 21 Descending node (new moon) | June 5 Ascending node (full moon) |
|---|---|---|
|  |  |
| Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 112 | Annular solar eclipse Solar Saros 138 | Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 150 |
| Ascending node | Descending node | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saros | Date Viewing |
Type Chart |
Saros | Date Viewing |
Type Chart | |
| 112 | 2031 May 07 |
Penumbral |
117 | 2031 Oct 30 |
Penumbral | |
| 122 | 2032 Apr 25 |
Total |
127 | 2032 Oct 18 |
Total | |
| 132 | 2033 Apr 14 |
Total |
137 | 2033 Oct 08 |
Total | |
| 142 | 2034 Apr 03 |
Penumbral |
147 | 2034 Sep 28 |
Partial | |
| Last set | 2031 Jun 05 | Last set | 2030 Dec 09 | |||
| Next set | 2035 Feb 22 | Next set | 2035 Aug 19 | |||
Lunar Saros series 112, repeating every 18 years and 11 days, has a total of 72 lunar eclipse events including 15 total lunar eclipses.
| Greatest | First | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The greatest eclipse of the series occurred on 1490 Jun 02, lasting 100 minutes.[5] | Penumbral | Partial | Total | Central |
| 859 May 20 | 985 Aug 03 | 1364 Mar 18 | 1436 Apr 30 | |
| Last | ||||
| Central | Total | Partial | Penumbral | |
| 1562 Jul 16 | 1616 Aug 27 | 2013 Apr 25 |
2139 Jul 12 | |
There are 11 series events between 1901 and 2100, grouped into threes (called an exeligmos), each column with approximately the same viewing longitude on Earth.
| 1905 Feb 19 | 1923 Mar 3 | 1941 Mar 13 | |||
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| 1959 Mar 24 | 1977 Apr 04 | 1995 Apr 15 | |||
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| 2013 Apr 25 | 2031 May 07 | 2049 May 17 | |||
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| 2067 May 28 | 2085 Jun 08 | ||||
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The Metonic cycle repeats nearly exactly every 19 years and represents a Saros cycle plus one lunar year. Because it occurs on the same calendar date, the Earth's shadow will in nearly the same location relative to the background stars.
This series has 9 events centered on May 6th and October 30th: (saros number)
| Ascending node | Descending node |
|---|---|
|
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A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros).[6] This lunar eclipse is related to two partial solar eclipses of Solar Saros 119.
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