Masticophis

Masticophis is a genus of colubrid snakes, commonly referred to as whip snakes or coachwhips, which are endemic to the Americas.^[1] They are characterized by having a long, thin body and are not dangerous to humans.

Masticophis
Masticophis flagellum testaceus, western coachwhip, juvenile
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Colubridae
Subfamily:	Colubrinae
Genus:	Masticophis Baird & Girard, 1853
Species
Ten, see text.
Synonyms
Bascanion, Bascanium, Coryphodon, Herpetodryas

Distribution and habitat

Species of Masticophis are found in the United States, Mexico, Central America, and northern South America.^[1]

Description

Adults of species in the genus Masticophis may attain a total length (including tail) from 152 cm (5 ft) for M. lateralis to 259 cm (8.5 ft) for M. flagellum. A distinctive character of this genus is the shape of the frontal scale (the large scale in the center of the upper surface of the head) which is bell-shaped and elongated. At the rear of the body, the dorsal scales are arranged in only 13 rows.^[2]

Species and subspecies

The genus Masticophis contains eleven species that are recognized as being valid, five of which have recognized subspecies.^[3]

• Masticophis anthonyi (Stejneger, 1901) – Clarion Island whip snake
• Masticophis aurigulus (Cope, 1861) – Baja California striped whip snake
• Masticophis barbouri (Van Denburgh & Slevin, 1921) – Baja California striped whip snake, Espiritu Santo striped whip snake
• Masticophis bilineatus Jan, 1863 – Sonoran whip snake
• Masticophis flagellum (Shaw, 1802) – coachwhip
  • Masticophis flagellum cingulum Lowe & Woodin, 1954 – Sonoran coachwhip
  • Masticophis flagellum flagellum (Shaw, 1802) – eastern coachwhip
  • Masticophis flagellum lineatulus H.M. Smith, 1941 – lined coachwhip
  • Masticophis flagellum piceus (Cope, 1892) – red coachwhip
  • Masticophis flagellum ruddocki Brattstrom & Warren, 1953 – San Joaquin coachwhip
  • Masticophis flagellum testaceus (Say, 1823) – western coachwhip
• Masticophis fuliginosus (Cope, 1895) – Baja California coachwhip
• Masticophis lateralis (Hallowell, 1853 – California whipsnake
  • Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus Riemer, 1954 – Alameda striped racer
  • Masticophis lateralis lateralis (Hallowell, 1853) – California striped racer

Masticophis schotti schotti, Schott's whip snake

• Masticophis mentovarius (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854) – neotropical whip snake
  • Masticophis mentovarius centralis (Roze, 1953)
  • Masticophis mentovarius mentovarius (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854)
  • Masticophis mentovarius suborbitalis (W. Peters, 1868)
  • Masticophis mentovarius striolatus (Mertens, 1934)
  • Masticophis mentovarius variolosus H.M. Smith, 1943
• Masticophis schotti Baird & Girard, 1853 – Schott's whip snake
  • Masticophis schotti ruthveni Ortenburger, 1923 – Ruthven's whip snake
  • Masticophis schotti schotti Baird & Girard, 1853 – Schott's whip snake
• Masticophis slevini (Lowe & Norris, 1955) – Isla San Esteban whipsnake, San Esteban Island whipsnake
• Masticophis taeniatus (Hallowell, 1852) – striped whip snake
  • Masticophis taeniatus girardi (Stejneger & Barbour, 1917) – Central Texas whip snake
  • Masticophis taeniatus taeniatus (Hallowell, 1852) – desert striped whip snake

Nota bene: A binomial authority or trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species or subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Masticophis.

References

1. Conant R (1975). A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. xviii + 429 pp. ISBN 0-395-19977-8 (paperback). (Genus Masticophis, pp. 177-178).
2. Smith HM, Brodie ED Jr (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. ISBN 0-307-13666-3 (paperback). (Genus Masticophis, pp. 190-193).
3. Genus Masticophis at The Reptile Database www.reptile-database.org.

Further reading

• Baird SF, Girard C (1853). Catalogue of North American Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Part I.—Serpents. Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Institution. xvi + 172 pp. (Masticophis, new genus, p. 98).

External links

• https://serpientesdevenezuela.org/masticophis-mentovarius/