Marie-Jeanne de Lalande

Marie-Jeanne Lefrançois de Lalande, born Marie-Jeanne Harlay^[1] (1768^[2] – 8 November 1832), was a French astronomer and mathematician.

Portrait of Marie-Jeanne-Amélie Lefrançais de Lalande, born Harlay (1768-1832)

Biography

Lalande married her father's young cousin, also an astronomer, Michel Lefrançois de Lalande (1776-1839) in 1788.^[1] She was also the niece of the astronomer and writer Jérôme Lalande,^[3] who was said to have valued Lalande for her mathematical disposition.^[4]

Her father taught the young couple calculation and observation methods in astronomy.

She worked closely alongside her father and contributed to many of his publications.

Her reputation as a scientific woman was attested by an anecdote related to Carl Friedrich Gauss: In 1806, during a military campaign in Prussia, he declared he knew but one French woman that worked in Science, Madame Le François de Lalande"^[5]

She died in 1832 at the age of 64. Her daughter, Caroline was named after Caroline Herschel, her birth date, 20 January 1790 being the first day a Comet discovered by Herschel was visible from Paris.^[1] Her son was named after Isaac Newton.^[6]

Work

She calculated the Tables horaires de marine, which was published in Jerome Lalande's Abrégé de navigation historique théorique et pratique avec tables horaires (1793).^[1] These calculations earned the author one of the medals of the Lycée des Arts for distinguished scholars and artists.

Her work was also published in her father's annual almanac from 1794 to 1806.

In 1799, she established a catalog of 10,000 stars.

She also collaborated on the writing of L'Histoire céleste française written by Lalande and published in 1801. The work indicated the position of 50,000 stars.

Legacy

The multi-ring impact crater, de Lalande (crater), on Venus was named after her.^[7]

References

1. Joy Harvey and Marilyn Ogilvie (1 January 2000). "Marie-Jeanne de Lalande". In Marilyn Ogilvie; Joy Harvey (eds.). The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science. Vol. 2. New York and London: Routledge. p. 735. ISBN 978-0-415-92040-7.
2. Poirier Jean-Pierre, Haigneré Claudie, Histoire des femmes en science en France, Du Moyen Age à la Révolution, Pygmalion, 2002.
3. Schiebinger, Londa (1991). The Mind Has No Sex?: Women in the Origins of Modern Science. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 290. ISBN 0-674-57625-X.
4. Opitz, Donald L.; Bergwik, Staffan; Tiggelen, Brigitte Van (2016). Domesticity in the Making of Modern Science. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-137-49272-2.
5. Calendrier Astronomes Françaises : du siècle des Lumières à l'ère spatiale, 2010. [French]
6. Joy Harvey and Marilyn Ogilvie (1 January 2000). "Marie-Jeanne de Lalande". In Marilyn Ogilvie; Joy Harvey (eds.). The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science. Vol. 2. New York and London: Routledge. p. 736. ISBN 978-0-415-92040-7.
7. "Planetary Names: Crater, craters: de Lalande on Venus". planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2019-08-14.

Further reading

• Schiebinger, Londa (1991). The mind has no sex? : women in the origins of modern science (1st Harvard pbk. ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674576254.
• O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Marie-Jeanne de Lalande", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews