Makanrushi

Makanrushi (Russian: Маканруши; Japanese 磨勘留島; Makanru-tō) is an uninhabited volcanic island located near the northern end of the Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean. Its name is derived from the Ainu language.

Topographic map of Onekotan, with Makanrushi

Makanrushi

Native name: Маканруши 磨勘留島
Wintertime view of Makanrushi Island, January 2001. North at top.
Makanrushi
Geography
Location	Sea of Okhotsk
Coordinates	49.78°N 154.43°E / 49.78; 154.43
Archipelago	Kuril Islands
Area	49 km2 (19 sq mi)
Highest elevation	1,169 m (3835 ft)
Highest point	Pik Mitaka
Administration
Russia
Demographics
Population	0

Onekotan Island (center), with Makanrushi at upper left and Kharimkotan at bottom. North at top.

Geology

Makanrushi is roughly rectangular, with an area of 49 square kilometres (19 sq mi)^[1]

The island consists of a dormant or extinct stratovolcano, Pik Mitaka -(Russian: влк.Митака; Japanese 三高山; Mitakayama), which rises to 1,169 m (3,835 ft) above sea level. The island has steep cliff sides and no sandy beaches, making landing very difficult and dangerous even in calm weather. Makanrushi is 28 km away from Onekotan. Makanrushi thus lies behind the main currently-active arc of Kuril Island volcanoes.

History

Makanrushi appears to have never been inhabited. It appears on an official map showing the territories of Matsumae Domain, a feudal domain of Edo period Japan dated 1644, and these holdings were officially confirmed by the Tokugawa shogunate in 1715. Subsequently, claimed by the Empire of Russia, sovereignty initially passed to Russia under the terms of the Treaty of Shimoda, but was returned to the Empire of Japan per the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1875) along with the rest of the Kuril islands. The island was formerly administered as part of Shimushu District of Nemuro Subprefecture of Hokkaidō. After World War II, the island came under the control of the Soviet Union, and is now administered as part of the Sakhalin Oblast of the Russian Federation.

On 10 August 1856, the ship Alexander Coffin (381 tons), Capt. Isaiah Purrington, of New Bedford, ran aground the island during a fog. The ship was lighted and sailed jury-rigged to Ayan, where she was condemned and sold at auction for $300.^[2][3][4][5]

See also

• List of volcanoes in Russia

Notes

1. "International Kuril Island Project（IKIP）". University of Washington Fish Collection or the respective authors. Archived from the original on 2012-10-06. Retrieved 2010-05-23.
2. Whalemen's Shipping List and Merchants' Transcript (Vol. XIV, No. 41, Dec. 16, 1856, New Bedford).
3. Whalemen's Shipping List and Merchants' Transcript (Vol. XIV, No. 42, Dec. 23, 1856, New Bedford).
4. The Friend (Vol. V, No. 12, Dec. 11, 1856, p. 93, Honolulu).
5. Frances Henrietta, of New Bedford, Sept. 9, 1856, Nicholson Whaling Collection.

References

• Oceandots: Makanrushi at the Wayback Machine (archived December 23, 2010)

Further reading

• Gorshkov, G. S. Volcanism and the Upper Mantle Investigations in the Kurile Island Arc. Monographs in geoscience. New York: Plenum Press, 1970. ISBN 0-306-30407-4
• Krasheninnikov, Stepan Petrovich, and James Greive. The History of Kamtschatka and the Kurilski Islands, with the Countries Adjacent. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1963.
• Rees, David. The Soviet Seizure of the Kuriles. New York: Praeger, 1985. ISBN 0-03-002552-4
• Takahashi, Hideki, and Masahiro Ōhara. Biodiversity and Biogeography of the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin. Bulletin of the Hokkaido University Museum, no. 2-. Sapporo, Japan: Hokkaido University Museum, 2004.

External links

• Index Mundi: Makanrushi