Machimosauridae

Machimosauridae is an extinct family of teleosauroid thalattosuchian crocodyliforms.^[1] The family was first identified in 2016,^[2] when fossils of teleosauroid thalattosuchians, including an indeterminate close relative of Lemmysuchus and Machimosaurus, were described from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) of Morocco.^[2] The family was largely expanded in 2020 when the systematics of Teleosauroidea were re-reviewed.^[1] Members of this family generally were larger than the teleosaurids.^[1]

Machimosauridae Temporal range: Early Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, 183–130 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Macrospondylus bollensis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Clade:	Archosauria
Clade:	Pseudosuchia
Clade:	Crocodylomorpha
Clade:	Crocodyliformes
Suborder:	†Thalattosuchia
Superfamily:	†Teleosauroidea
Family:	†Machimosauridae Jouve et al., 2016
Subgroups
†Charitomenosuchus †Clovesuurdameredeor †Deslongchampsina †Macrospondylus †Seldsienean †Machimosaurinae †Andrianavoay †Neosteneosaurus †Proexochokefalos †Machimosaurini †Lemmysuchus †Machimosaurus †Yvridiosuchus

Classification

Machimosauridae is a diverse group of teleosauroids, phylogenetically defined in the PhyloCode by Mark T. Young and colleagues as "the largest clade within Teleosauroidea containing Machimosaurus hugii, but not Teleosaurus cadomensis."^[3] The less inclusive subfamily Machimosaurinae is defined in the PhyloCode as "the largest clade within Teleosauroidea containing Machimosaurus hugii, but not Deslongchampsina larteti, Macrospondylus bollensis, and Charitomenosuchus leedsi".^[3] The tribe Machimosaurini contains the largest, most robust, and latest living machimosaurids and is defined in the PhyloCode as "the largest clade within Teleosauroidea containing Machimosaurus hugii, but not Neosteneosaurus edwardsi".^[3] The members of the Machimosauridae share several unique characters among teleosauroids, which are:^[1]

• dorsally oriented external nares
• the premaxillary anterior and anterolateral margins are not sub-vertical and do not extend ventrally
• the premaxilla-maxilla suture is sub-rectangular and slightly interdigitating (most noticeably near the midline)
• no anterolateral expansion of the supratemporal fenestrae
• the postorbital is excluded from the orbit posteroventral margin
• a mostly horizontal pterygoid with a distinct posterolateral angle
• the cultriform process of the basisphenoid is exposed and bifurcates the pterygoids

The phylogenetic relationships of the Machimosauridae were analyzed in a comprehensive analysis of teleosauroid relationships. The results of the analysis are shown below:^[1]

Machimosauridae	Macrospondylus bollensis Clovesuurdameredeor stephani Charitomenosuchus leedsi Seldsienean megistorhynchus Deslongchampsina larteti Machimosaurinae Proexochokefalos hebertii cf. Proexochokefalos bouchardi Neosteneosaurus edwardsi Andrianavoay baroni Machimosaurini Lemmysuchus obtusidens Yvridiosuchus boutilieri Machimosaurus buffetauti Machimosaurus mosae Machimosaurus rex Machimosaurus hugii

Evolution

Machimosaurids grew in body size and diversified feeding strategies throughout their evolutionary history. Primitive machimosaurids, such as Macrospondylus and Charitomenosuchus, were longirostrine (long-snouted) generalists with body lengths less than 5 m (16 ft) long.^[1][4] Machimosaurines originated in the Bathonian stage of the Middle Jurassic and simultaneously underwent a decrease in snout length but an increase in body size with Neosteneosaurus reaching up to 6.6 m (22 ft) long.^[1][4] Machimosaurins were the largest teleosauroids, with body lengths up to 7.1 m (23 ft) (Machimosaurus rex), and were durophagous hunters, meaning they fed on hard prey.^[1][4]

References

1. Johnson, Michela M.; Young, Mark T.; Brusatte, Stephen L. (2020). "The phylogenetics of Teleosauroidea (Crocodylomorpha, Thalattosuchia) and implications for their ecology and evolution". PeerJ. 8: e9808. doi:10.7717/peerj.9808. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 7548081. PMID 33083104. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
2. Stéphane Jouve; Bastien Mennecart; Julien Douteau; Nour-Eddine Jalil (2016). "The oldest durophagous teleosauroid (Crocodylomorpha, Thalattosuchia) from the lower Bathonian of central High Atlas, Morocco". Palaeontology. 59 (6): 863–876. Bibcode:2016Palgy..59..863J. doi:10.1111/pala.12262.
3. Young, Mark T.; Wilberg, Eric W.; Johnson, Michela M.; Herrera, Yanina; De Andrade, Marco Brandalise; Brignon, Arnaud; Sachs, Sven; Abel, Pascal; Foffa, Davide; Fernández, Marta S.; Vignaud, Patrick; Cowgill, Thomas; Brusatte, Stephen L. (2024). "The history, systematics, and nomenclature of Thalattosuchia (Archosauria: Crocodylomorpha)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 200 (2): 547–617. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad165.
4. Young, Mark T.; Rabi, Márton; Bell, Mark A.; Foffa, Davide; Steel, Lorna; Sachs, Sven; Peyer, Karin (2016). "Big-headed marine crocodyliforms and why we must be cautious when using extant species as body length proxies for long-extinct relatives". Palaeontologia Electronica. 19 (3): 1–14. doi:10.26879/648. ISSN 1094-8074.