MALAT1-associated small cytoplasmic RNA

MALAT1-associated small cytoplasmic RNA, also known as mascRNA, is a non-coding RNA found in the cytosol. This is a small RNA, roughly 53–61 nucleotides in length, that is processed from a much longer ncRNA called MALAT1 by an enzyme called RNase P.^[1] This RNA is expressed in many different human tissues, is highly conserved by evolution and shares a remarkable similarity to tRNA which is also produced by RNase P, yet this RNA is not aminoacylated in HeLa cells. The primary transcript, MALAT1 (metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1), appears to be upregulated in several malignant cancers.^[2] Another small RNA that is homologous to mascRNA, called menRNA, is processed from another long ncRNA called MEN beta.^[3]

MALAT1-associated small cytoplasmic RNA
Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of mascRNA-menRNA
Identifiers
Symbol	mascRNA-menRNA
Rfam	RF01684
Other data
RNA type	Gene
Domain(s)	Eukaryota
GO	GO:2000147
SO	SO:0001263
PDB structures	PDBe

MALAT1 appears to be involved in the regulation of alternative splicing. MALAT1 interacts with SR proteins, influencing the distribution of these in nuclear speckle domains.^[4]

See also

• Long noncoding RNA
• MALAT1
• NEAT1

References

1. Wilusz JE, Freier SM, Spector DL (2008). "3′ end processing of a long nuclear-retained noncoding RNA yields a tRNA-like cytoplasmic RNA". Cell. 135 (5): 919–932. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.10.012. PMC 2722846. PMID 19041754.
2. Ji P, Diederichs S, Wang W, Böing S, Metzger R, Schneider PM, Tidow N, Brandt B, Buerger H, Bulk E, Thomas M, Berdel WE, Serve H, Müller-Tidow C (2003). "MALAT-1, a novel noncoding RNA, and thymosin beta4 predict metastasis and survival in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer". Oncogene. 22 (39): 8031–8041. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206928. PMID 12970751.
3. Sunwoo H, Dinger ME, Wilusz JE, Amaral PP, Mattick JS, Spector DL (2009). "MEN epsilon/beta nuclear-retained non-coding RNAs are up-regulated upon muscle differentiation and are essential components of paraspeckles". Genome Res. 19 (3): 347–359. doi:10.1101/gr.087775.108. PMC 2661813. PMID 19106332.
4. Tripathi V, Ellis JD, Shen Z, Song DY, Pan Q, Watt AT, Freier SM, Bennett CF, Sharma A, Bubulya PA, Blencowe BJ, Prasanth SG, Prasanth KV (2010). "The Nuclear-Retained Noncoding RNA MALAT1 Regulates Alternative Splicing by Modulating SR Splicing Factor Phosphorylation". Mol Cell. 39 (6): 925–938. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2010.08.011. PMC 4158944. PMID 20797886.

Further reading

• Bernard D, Prasanth KV, Tripathi V, Colasse S, Nakamura T, Xuan Z, Zhang MQ, Sedel F, Jourdren L, Coulpier F, Triller A, Spector DL, Bessis A (2010). "A long nuclear-retained non-coding RNA regulates synaptogenesis by modulating gene expression". EMBO J. 29 (18): 3082–3093. doi:10.1038/emboj.2010.199. PMC 2944070. PMID 20729808.
• Tano K, Mizuno R, Okada T, Rakwal R, Shibato J, Masuo Y, Ijiri K, Akimitsu N (2010). "MALAT-1 enhances cell motility of lung adenocarcinoma cells by influencing the expression of motility-related genes". FEBS Lett. 584 (22): 4575–4580. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2010.10.008. PMID 20937273. S2CID 207575862.

External links

• OMIM page for MALAT1
• HGNC page for MALAT1
• Page for MALAT1 at Rfam
• Entrez Gene: MALAT1-associated small cytoplasmic RNA