List of trees of the Caribbean

Prior to European settlement, the Caribbean was dominated by forested ecosystems. The insular Caribbean has been considered a biodiversity hotspot.^[1] Although species diversity is lower than on mainland systems, endemism is high.

Roystonea regia

Species diversity is highest and endemism is lowest in Trinidad, which has a predominantly continental flora. Endemism is highest in Cuba and Hispaniola, the largest members of the Greater Antilles.

List of species

Native species

Acanthaceae

• Avicennia germinans

Anacardiaceae

• Comocladia dodonaea
• Spondias mombin

Annonaceae

• Annona trinitensis ^[2]
• Duguetia
  • Duguetia lucida
  • Duguetia tobagensis^[2]
• Rollinia
  • Rollinia mucosa
  • Rollinia exsucca^[2]

Apocynaceae

• Plumeria rubra

Arecaceae

Main article: List of palms native to the Caribbean

Araliaceae

• Aralia
  • Aralia excelsa^[3]
  • Aralia rex^[4]
• Dendropanax
  • Dendropanax arboreus^[5]
  • Dendropanax blakeanus^[6]
  • Dendropanax cordifolius^[7]
  • Dendropanax cuneifolius^[8]
  • Dendropanax elongatus^[9]
  • Dendropanax filipes^[10]
  • Dendropanax grandiflorus^[11]
  • Dendropanax grandis^[12]
  • Dendropanax laurifolius^[13]
  • Dendropanax nervosus^[14]
  • Dendropanax nutans^[15]
  • Dendropanax oblanceatus^[16]
  • Dendropanax pendulus^[17]
  • Dendropanax portlandianus^[18]
  • Dendropanax selleanus^[19]
  • Dendropanax swartzii^[20]
• Didymopanax
  • Didymopanax morototoni^[21] – Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Leeward Islands, and Trinidad. Introduced to Windward Islands
• Frodinia
  • Frodinia gleasonii^[22] – Puerto Rico
  • Frodinia tremula^[23] – Hispaniola
• Oreopanax
  • Oreopanax capitatus^[24]
  • Oreopanax dussii^[25]
  • Oreopanax ramosissimus^[26]
• Sciodaphyllum
  • Sciodaphyllum attenuatum^[27] – Leeward Islands and Windward Islands
  • Sciodaphyllum glabratum^[28] – Trinidad
  • Sciodaphyllum brownei^[29] – Jamaica
  • Sciodaphyllum troyanum^[30] – Jamaica
  • Sciodaphyllum urbanianum^[31] – Martinique

Bignoniaceae

• Catalpa longissima
• Crescentia
  • Crescentia cujete (Calabash)
  • Crescentia portoricensis
• Tabebuia
  • Tabebuia heterophylla
  • Tabebuia rosea
• Tecoma stans

Bombacaceae

• Ceiba pentandra (kapok tree)
• Ochroma pyramidale

Boraginaceae

• Bourreria succulenta
• Cordia
  • Cordia alliodora
  • Cordia sulcata
• Rochefortia acanthophora

Burseraceae

Bursera simaruba

• Dacryodes excelsa (Tabonuco)
• Bursera simaruba

Buxaceae

• Buxus
  • Buxus aneura
  • Buxus brevipes
  • Buxus crassifolia
  • Buxus ekmanii
  • Buxus excisa
  • Buxus heterophylla
  • Buxus imbricata
  • Buxus muelleriana
  • Buxus olivacea
  • Buxus pilosula
  • Buxus portoricensis
  • Buxus rheedioides
  • Buxus vahlii

Canellaceae

• Canella winteriana

Cannabaceae

• Celtis trinervia - Hispaniola

Capparidaceae

• Capparis
  • Capparis baducca
  • Capparis cynophallophora
  • Capparis flexuosa
  • Capparis hastata
  • Capparis indica

Celastraceae

• Cassine xylocarpa
• Gyminda latifolia
• Maytenus
  • Maytenus monticola^[2]
  • Maytenus reflex^[2]
• Schaefferia frutescens

Clusiaceae

• Calophyllum
  • Calophyllum calaba
  • Calophyllum lucidum
• Clusia
  • Clusia aripoensis^[2]
  • Clusia intertexta^[2]
  • Clusia minor
  • Clusia rosea
  • Clusia tocuchensis^[2]
• Mammea americana

Combretaceae

Conocarpus erectus

• Buchenavia tetraphylla
• Bucida buceras
• Conocarpus erectus (Buttonwood)
• Laguncularia racemosa
• Terminalia amazonia

Cupressaceae

• Juniperus barbadensis
• Juniperus gracilior
• Juniperus saxicola

Cyrillaceae

Cyrilla racemiflora

• Cyrilla racemiflora

Dilleniaceae

• Curatella americana

Elaeocarpaceae

• Muntingia calabura
• Sloanea berteroana
• Sloanea caribaea

Erythroxylaceae

• Erythroxylum
  • Erythroxylum areolatum
  • Erythroxylum brevipes
  • Erythroxylum rotundifolium
  • Erythroxylum urbanii

Euphorbiaceae

• Adelia rincinella
• Alchornea latifolia
• Bernardia dichotoma
• Fluggea acidoton
• Gymnanthes lucida
• Hura crepitans
• Jatropha hernandiifolia
• Picrodendron baccatum
• Savia sessiliflora

Fabaceae

Enterolobium cyclocarpum

• Andira inermis
• Caesalpinia coriaria
• Enterolobium cyclocarpum
• Hymenaea courbaril
• Inga
  • Inga fagifolia
  • Inga vera
• Mora excelsa
• Ormosia krugii
• Pictetia aculeata
• Piscidia carthagenensis
• Pithecellobium unguis-cati
• Pterocarpus officinalis

Flacourtiaceae

• Samyda dodecandra
• Xylosoma buxifolia

Garryaceae

• Garrya fadyenii

Hernandiaceae

• Hernandia sonora

Juglandaceae

• Juglans jamaicensis

Lecythidaceae

• Eschweilera subglandulosa

Malpighiaceae

• Byrsonima
  • Byrsonima crassifolia
  • Byrsonima spicata

Malvaceae

• Hibiscus elatus (blue mahoe)
• Hildegardia cubensis
• Thespesia grandiflora

Magnoliaceae

• Magnolia
  • Magnolia cristalensis ^[32]
  • Magnolia cubensis ^[33]
  • Magnolia dealbata ^[34]
  • Magnolia domingensis ^[35]
  • Magnolia ekmanii ^[36]
  • Magnolia emarginata ^[37]
  • Magnolia hamorii ^[38]
  • Magnolia minor ^[39]
  • Magnolia pallescens ^[40]
  • Magnolia portoricensis ^[41]
  • Magnolia splendens ^[42]

Meliaceae

Cedrela odorata

• Carapa
  • Carapa guianensis
• Cedrela odorata
• Guarea
  • Guarea guidonia
• Swietenia mahagoni (West Indian Mahogany)
• Trichilia
  • Trichilia hirta
  • Trichilia triacantha

Moraceae

• Cecropia
  • Cecropia peltata
  • Cecropia schreberiana
• Ficus
  • Ficus americana^[43]
  • Ficus aurea^[43]
  • Ficus citrifolia
  • Ficus maxima^[44]
• Maclura tinctoria

Myrtaceae

• Eugenia
  • Eugenia axillaris
  • Eugenia biflora
  • Eugenia cruegeri^[2]
  • Eugenia foetida
  • Eugenia lingustrina
  • Eugenia monticola
  • Eugenia procera
  • Eugenia rhombea
  • Eugenia woodburyana
  • Eugenia xerophytica
  • Myrciaria floribunda
• Psidium
  • Psidium amplexicaule
  • Psidium guajava (Guava)

Nyctaginaceae

• Guapira fragrans
• Neea buxifolia
• Pisonia
  • Pisonia aculeata
  • Pisonia albida
  • Pisonia subcordata

Oleaceae

• Forestiera segregata
• Ximenia americana

Pinaceae

Pinus cubensis

• Pinus
  • Pinus caribaea
  • Pinus cubensis
  • Pinus occidentalis
  • Pinus tropicalis

Podocarpaceae

• Podocarpus
  • Podocarpus angustifolius
  • Podocarpus aristulatus
  • Podocarpus coriaceus
  • Podocarpus ekmanii
  • Podocarpus hispaniolensis
  • Podocarpus purdieanus
  • Podocarpus trinitensis
  • Podocarpus urbanii
  • Podocarpus victorinianus

Polygonaceae

Coccoloba uvifera

• Coccoloba
  • Coccoloba diversifolia
  • Coccoloba krugii
  • Coccoloba microstachya
  • Coccoloba swartzii
  • Coccoloba uvifera (Sea grape)

Rhamnaceae

• Colubrina
  • Colubrina arborescens
  • Colubrina elliptica
• Reynosia
  • Reynosia guama
  • Reynosia uncinata
• Krugiodendron ferreum
• Ziziphus reticulata

Rhizophoraceae

Rhizophora mangle

• Rhizophora mangle

Rosaceae

• Prunus occidentalis

Rubiaceae

• Antirhea
  • Antirhea acutata
  • Antirhea lucida
• Erithalis fruticosa
• Exostema caribaeum
• Genipa americana
• Guettarda
  • Guettarda elliptica
  • Guettarda krugii
  • Guettarda odorata
• Randia
  • Randia aculeata
  • Randia portoricensis
• Rondelita inermis

Rutaceae

Amyris elemifera

• Amyris
  • Amyris balsamifera
  • Amyris elemifera
• Zanthoxylum
  • Zanthoxylum flavum
  • Zanthoxylum martinicense
  • Zanthoxylum monophyllum
  • Zanthoxylum spinifex
  • Zanthoxylum thomasianum

Sapindaceae

• Cupania americana
• Melicoccus bijugatus
• Thouinia striata

Sapotaceae

• Chrysophyllum
  • Chrysophyllum argenteum^[45]
  • Chrysophyllum cainito^[46]
  • Chrysophyllum oliviforme^[47]
  • Chrysophyllum pauciflorum^[48]
• Manilkara
  • Manilkara bidentata^[49]
  • Manilkara excisa^[50]
  • Manilkara gonavensis^[51]
  • Manilkara jaimiqui^[52]
  • Manilkara mayarensis^[53]
  • Manilkara pleeana^[54]
  • Manilkara sideroxylon^[55]
  • Manilkara valenzuelana^[56]
• Micropholis
  • Micropholis chrysophylloides
• Pouteria
  • Pouteria multiflora
  • Pouteria sapota–Mamey sapote
• Pradosia
• Sideroxylon
  • Sideroxylon obovatum
  • Sideroxylon salicifolium

Sterculiaceae

• Guazuma ulmifolia

Theophrastaceae

• Jacquinia
  • Jacquinia armillaris
  • Jacquinia berteroi
  • Jacquinia umbellata

Verbenaceae

• Citharexylum fruticosa
• Petitia domingensis

Zamiaceae

• Zamia
  • Zamia amblyphyllidia
  • Zamia portoricensis
  • Zamia pumila (Coontie)

Zygophyllaceae

• Guaiacum
  • Guaiacum officinale (Lignum vitae)
  • Guaiacum sanctum

Non-native species

Anacardiaceae

Mangifera indica

• Mango (Mangifera indica)

Arecaceae

• Coconut (Cocos nucifera)

Bignoniaceae

• Jacaranda (Jacaranda spp.)

Casuarinaceae

• Casuarina equisetifolia

Combretaceae

• Indian almond (Terminalia catappa)

Fabaceae

Delonix regia

• Samaan tree (Albizia saman)
• Flamboyant (Delonix regia)
• Tamarind (Tamarindus indica)

Moraceae

• Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis)
• Ficus benjamina

Sapindaceae

• Ackee (Blighia sapida)

Sapotaceae

• Manilkara zapota^[57]

Verbenaceae

Tectona grandis

• Teak (Tectona grandis)