List of tanks in the Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War, fought between 1936 and 1939, provided an opportunity for many European countries to evaluate new technologies and tactics, including armored warfare.^[1] At the beginning of the war, the Nationalist and Popular Fronts each possessed only five World War I-era-design Renault FT light tanks,^[2] although these were soon reinforced with imported materiel. Italy began supplying Nationalist Spain with L3/35 tankettes in August 1936.^[3] The Soviet Union soon followed suit by supplying the Popular Front with T-26 light tanks in October 1936.^[4] Germany sent its first shipments of Panzer I light tanks to the Nationalist Front in September 1936.^[5] During the war, France and Poland provided the Popular Front with a number of additional FT light tanks.^[6] A considerable number of tanks delivered to the Popular Front were subsequently captured;^[7] many of these were put into service against their former owners.^[8]

This is a sub-article to Tanks in the Spanish Army.

Renault FT light tank supplied to the Popular Front during the Spanish Civil War

The Nationalist and Popular armies also designed and manufactured a number of their own tanks.^[9] The Nationalists, for example, began the war with three Trubia A4 prototypes, manufactured before the beginning of the conflict.^[10] They also completed the first prototype of the Verdeja light tank.^[11] This was designed to overcome the shortcomings of tanks provided by the Germans and the Italians, as well as Soviet tanks captured from the Popular Front.^[12] Popular Front production of armored vehicles was segmented throughout different areas of Spain. In the north, between 15 and 20 Carro Trubia-Naval tanks were manufactured at the factory in Sestao, conversely the Trubia factory had built only a single model Landesa tank.^[13] In Catalonia, two tanks were produced by the Maquinaría Moderna factory in Sant Sadurní d'Anoia.^[14] Though the Popular Front designed and manufactured many more armored fighting vehicles than the Nationalists, this ultimately worked in the Nationalists favor as the factories and their production lines were captured intact during the war.^[15]

Tanks in service at the beginning

Tank	Location	Units in service
Schneider CA1[16][17]	Madrid	4
Renault FT[18]	Madrid and Zaragoza	10[19]
Fiat 3000[20]	Carabanchel	1
Trubia A4[21]	Oviedo	3[22]
Landesa[23]	Trubia	2

Manufactured in Spain

Produced and deployed by the Nationalists

Tank	Location of construction	Number produced	Year
Mercier[24]	Zaragoza	1	1936
Carro de Combate de Infantería[24]	Sestao	1	1937
Verdeja[24]	Zaragoza	1	1938

Produced and deployed by the Popular Front

Tank	Location of construction	Number produced	Year
Sadurni de Noya[25]	Sant Sadurní d'Anoia	6	1937
Barbastro[citation needed]	Barbastro	4	1937
Trubia A4[21]	Trubia	2	1936
Trubia-Naval[23]	Sestao	12–20	1936–37

Tanks supplied by foreign powers

Tank	Nation of origin	Number supplied	Side supplied to
BT-5[26]	Soviet Union	50	Popular Front
Renault FT[18]	France and Poland	64[27]	Popular Front
L3/33 / L3/35[28]	Italy	155	Nationalists
Panzer I[29]	Germany	122	Nationalists
T-26[30]	Soviet Union	281	Popular Front
Vickers Six-Ton[31]	United Kingdom	1	Popular Front

Tanks captured by the Nationalists

Tank	Nation of origin	Number captured	Number put back into service
Landesa[32]	Spain	1	1
Trubia Naval[33]	Spain	10–20	Unknown, used mostly for training
BT-5[20]	Soviet Union	Unknown	At least 1[34]
Renault FT[35]	France	Unknown	24
T-26[36]	Soviet Union	178	Approx. 50[37]

Notes

1. Hofmann (1998), p. 103
2. García (2004), pp. 6–7
3. Manrique & Molina (2006), pp. 311–312
4. Hofmann (1998), pp. 103–104
5. Manrique & Molina (2006), p. 308
6. García (2003), p. 8 & 12
7. Manrique & Molina (2006), p. 327
8. Manrique & Molina (2006), p. 328
9. Manrique & Molina (2006), pp. 296–297
10. Manrique & Molina (2006), p. 297
11. Manrique & Molina (2006), pp. 297–298
12. de Mazararrasa, pp. 11–14
13. Manrique & Molina (2006), pp. 299–300
14. Manrique & Molina (2006), pp. 301–303
15. Manrique & Molina (2006), pp. 306–307
16. de Mazarrasa, J (1998), Los Carros de Combate en la Guerra de España 1936–1939 (in Spanish), vol. 1º, Valladolid: Quirón, p. 160.
17. Zaloga (1910), p. 8, 14
18. García (2004), p. 6, 11 & 12
19. Five unist in Madrid at the First Regiment of Tanks, and five unist in Zaragoza at the Second Regiment of Tanks; García (2008), pp. 6,11 & 12
20. García (2004), pp. 4–5
21. García (2008), p. 63
22. The first, second and third prototype, respectively; García (2008), pp. 62–63
23. Manrique & Molina (2006), p. 300
24. Manrique & Molina (2006), p. 298
25. Manrique & Molina (2006), p. 303
26. Manrique & Molina (2006), p. 324
27. Manrique & Molina (2006), p. 324; Manrique & Molina claim that Republican Spain received two shipments of 16 FT tanks each, while García tracks only a single shipment of 16 tanks to Republican Spain from Poland.
28. Manrique & Molina (2006), p. 314
29. Manrique & Molina (2006), p. 311
30. Manrique & Molina (2006), p. 321
31. Manrique & Molina (2006), p. 324; Manrique & Molina mention a possible sale of a single Vickers Six-Ton by Paraguay. The tank had been captured to Bolivia during the Chaco War.
32. Feito Álvarez, Félix (2019). "Arqueología del cerco de Oviedo (1936-1937): Guerra Blindada en torno a Oviedo". Cuadernos de Arqueología Militar (in Spanish). 1–2019: 47.
33. Zaloga (2011), p. 32
34. Molina & Manrique (2007), p. 46; Molina & Manrique (2007) mention that at least one BT-5 was pressed into service in southern Spain by the Nationalist Front.
35. Molina & Manrique (2007), p. 37
36. Molina & Manrique (2007), p. 36
37. Molina & Manrique (2007), p. 36; Molina and Manrique (2007) mention that the Nationalist Front, out of a total of 80 which had been deployed into front line Nationalist tank units, had put into front line service 49 captured T-26s, while another 11 required minor reconstruction, another 10 required return rollers (wheels used keep the top of the track running straight) and 10 more were scrapped.

References

• García, Dionisío (March 2008). "Trubia: El Primer Carro de Combate Español". Serga (in Spanish) (52). Madrid, Spain: Almena.
• García, Dionisío (September 2004). "Renault FT 17 en España (2): La Guerra Civil". Serga (in Spanish) (31). Madrid, Spain: Almena.
• Hofmann, George F. (1 January 1998). "The Tactical and Strategic Use of Attaché Intelligence: The Spanish Civil War and the U.S. Army's Misguided Quest for a Modern Tank Doctrine". Journal of Military History. 62 (1). Society for Military History: 101–134. doi:10.2307/120397. JSTOR 120397.
• Manrique, José María; Lucas Molina Franco (2006). Las Armas de la Guerra Civil Española (in Spanish). 28002 Madrid: La Esfera de los Libros. ISBN 84-9734-475-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
• de Mazarrasa, Javier. Carro de Combate Verdeja (in Spanish). Barcelona, Spain: L. Carbonell. ISBN 84-86749-02-6.
• Molina, Lucas; José María Manrique (December 2007). Blindados Soviéticos en el Ejército de Franco (in Spanish). Spain: Galland Books. ISBN 978-84-6121221-7.
• Zaloga, Steven J. (2006). Spanish Civil War Tanks: The Proving Ground for Blitzkrieg. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 1849082936.
• Zaloga, Steven J. (2010), Spanish Civil War Tanks — the Proving Ground for Blitzkrieg, New Vanguard 170, Osprey, ISBN 978-1-84603-512-8