The list of shipwrecks in January 1917 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during January 1917.
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List of shipwrecks: 1 January 1917
Ship | State | Description |
Baycraig |
United Kingdom |
World War I: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 84 nautical miles (156 km) east south east of Malta (35°32′N 16°10′E) by SM UC-22 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived, but her captain was taken as a prisoner of war.[1][2] |
Britannic |
Norway |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 44 nautical miles (81 km) west of Leixões, Portugal (40°58′N 9°30′W)[3] by SM UC-37 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[4] |
Goosebridge |
Sweden |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 10 nautical miles (19 km) west north west of Ouessant, Finistère, France[5] (48°39′N 5°13′W) by SM UC-46 ( Imperial German Navy).[6] |
Holly Branch |
United Kingdom |
World War I: The cargo ship was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 14 nautical miles (26 km) north east by north of the Île de Batz, Finistère, France (48°59′N 3°56′W) by SM UB-39 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[2][7] |
Ivernia |
United Kingdom |
World War I: The troopship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 58 nautical miles (107 km) south east of Cape Matapan, Greece (35°30′N 22°53′E) by SM UB-47 ( Imperial German Navy) with the loss of 125 lives.[8] Survivors were rescued by HMS Rifleman and a number of naval trawlers (all Royal Navy). |
Laupar |
Norway |
World War I: the cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 40 nautical miles (74 km) west north west of Oporto, Portugal[9] by SM U-79 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[10] |
Leon |
France |
World War I: The coaster was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 13 nautical miles (24 km) north north east of the Triagoz Lighthouse, Finistère by SM UB-39 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[11] |
Sussex |
United Kingdom |
World War I: The cargo ship struck a mine and was damaged in the North Sea 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) off Gravelines, Pas-de-Calais, France. She was beached without loss of life. Later refloated, repaired and returned to service.[12] |
Tsiropinas |
Greece |
World War I: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean off Ferrol, Galicia, Spain (45°35′N 8°19′W) by SM U-70 ( Imperial German Navy).[13] |
Venus II |
French Navy |
The submarine decoy ship was lost on this date. |
Wanola |
Canada |
The schooner went ashore near Allerton Point, Massachusetts. Rigging, gear and some cargo salvaged. Later sold and raised.[14] |
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List of shipwrecks: 2 January 1917
Ship | State | Description |
Aconcagua |
France |
World War I: The full-rigged ship was shelled and sunk in the Bay of Biscay (46°11′N 7°26′W) by SM U-70 ( Imperial German Navy).[15] |
Aristotelis C. Ioannou |
Greece |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 30 nautical miles (56 km) west of Cape Roca, Portugal (38°55′N 9°48′W) by SM UC-37 ( Imperial German Navy).[16] |
Asnières |
France |
World War I: The crew were captured by the merchant raider SMS Möwe ( Imperial German Navy) which then sank the four-masted barque close to the St Peter and St Paul rocks in the Atlantic Ocean.[17] |
Bestik |
Norway |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 30 nautical miles (56 km) south west of the Bishop Rock, Isles of Scilly, United Kingdom[18] by SM UB-18 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[19] |
Carlyle |
United Kingdom |
World War I: The coaster was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) west south west of the Île de Sein Lighthouse, Finistère, France by SM UB-39 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[2][20] |
Dimitrios Goulandris |
Greece |
World War I: The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 30 nautical miles (56 km) west of Cape Roca (39°10′N 9°50′W) by SM UC-37 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[21] |
Edward Arthur |
United Kingdom |
The schooner was wrecked on Lundy Island, Devon.[22] |
Ellik |
Norway |
World War I: The coaster was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 40 nautical miles (74 km) south west of the Bishop Rock by SM UB-18 ( Imperial German Navy).[23] Her fourteen crew were rescued, eight of them by Elisabeth van België ( Belgium).[24] The second lifeboat with the rest of the crew landed on the Isles of Scilly.[25] |
El Toro |
United Kingdom |
The tanker foundered in the Atlantic Ocean 300 nautical miles (560 km) north west of Clogherhead, County Louth.[26][27] |
Gallier |
United Kingdom |
World War I: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean by U-95 ( Imperial German Navy) 7 nautical miles (13 km) east north east of the Wolf Rock, Cornwall.[28] |
Johannes |
Russia |
The schooner was wrecked at Cadiz, Spain.[29] |
Notre Dame du Verger |
France |
World War I: The three-masted schooner was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 12 nautical miles (22 km) off Cape Roca by SM UC-37 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[30] |
Odda |
Norway |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 70 nautical miles (130 km) south west of Ouessant, Finistère[31] (47°30′N 6°20′W) by SM U-70 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[32] |
Older |
Norway |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 25 nautical miles (46 km) west of Oporto, Portugal[33] (41°07′N 9°42′W) by SM U-79 ( Imperial German Navy).[34] Her crew were rescued by Charkow ( Denmark).[35] |
Omnium |
France |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 120 nautical miles (220 km) west south west of Penmarc'h, Finistère (47°26′N 7°10′W) by SM U-82 ( Imperial German Navy).[36] |
San Leandro |
Spain |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean (approximately 46°40′N 7°00′W) by SM U-70 ( Imperial German Navy).[37] |
HMT Teal |
Royal Navy |
The naval trawler was lost on this date.[38] |
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List of shipwrecks: 4 January 1917
Ship | State | Description |
Calabro |
Italy |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean south west of Ouessant, Finistère, France (48°30′N 7°02′W) by SM U-82 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[61] |
Chinto Maru |
Japan |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean south west of Spain (36°29′N 9°36′W) by SM U-79 ( Imperial German Navy).[62] |
Gabrielle François |
France |
World War I: The fishing vessel was sunk in the Gironde Estuary by SM UB-39 ( Imperial German Navy).[63] |
Liberté |
France |
World War I: The schooner was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean off Cape St. Vincent, Portugal (35°49′N 6°10′W) by SM UC-37 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[64] |
Lonclara |
United Kingdom |
World War I: The cargo ship struck a mine placed by SM UC-31 ( Imperial German Navy) and sank in the River Tyne at Sunderland, County Durham with the loss of four of her crew.[65] |
Luigi Ciampa |
Italy |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 15 nautical miles (28 km) off Sagres Point, Portugal by SM UC-37 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[66] |
Næsborg |
Denmark |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the English Channel west of Guernsey, Channel Islands (49°26′N 3°40′W) by SM UB-18 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[67] |
Peresvet |
Imperial Russian Navy |
World War I: The Peresvet-class battleship struck two mines and sank in the Mediterranean Sea 10 nautical miles (19 km) north of Port Said, Egypt, with the loss of 167 of her 771 crew. |
Ruby |
Russia |
World War I: The barque was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean off the Isles of Scilly, United Kingdom (49°53′N 8°24′W) by SM U-70 ( Imperial German Navy).[68] |
Seemel |
Russia |
World War I: The sailing vessel was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean (36°32′N 8°09′W) by SM UC-37 ( Imperial German Navy).[69] |
Storebror |
Norway |
World War I: The barque was sunk by SMS Wolf ( Imperial German Navy) in the South Atlantic.[70] |
Wragby |
United Kingdom |
World War I: The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 45 nautical miles (83 km) west by north of Cape Spartel, Morocco (35°57′N 6°49′W) by SM UC-37 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[71] |
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List of shipwrecks: 5 January 1917
Ship | State | Description |
Allie |
United Kingdom |
World War I: The cargo ship was scuttled in the Bay of Biscay off the Île de Ré, Charente-Maritime (46°15′N 1°48′W) by SM UB-39 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[2][72] |
Asta |
Norway |
World War I: The coaster was sunk in the English Channel 25 nautical miles (46 km) north of the Casquets, Channel Islands (50°09′N 2°34′W) by SM UB-37 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[73] |
Case |
Canada |
The steamer sprung a leak in a storm in Lake Erie and was beached on Middle Sister Island. She caught fire, burned and broke up. Her cargo, engine and boilers were salvaged.[74][75] |
Combermere |
Italy |
World War I: The full-rigged ship was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea off Cabo de Gata, Almería, Spain by SM UC-37 ( Imperial German Navy).[76] |
Danevirke |
Denmark |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 10 nautical miles (19 km) off Ouessant, Finistère, France (49°14′N 4°17′W) by SM UB-18 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[77] |
Ebro |
Denmark |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 75 nautical miles (139 km) west south west o the Créac'h Lighthouse, Finistère by SM U-82 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[78] |
Lesbian |
United Kingdom |
World War I: The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 125 nautical miles (232 km) east by south of Malta (35°48′N 17°06′E) by SM U-35 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived, but her captain was taken as a prisoner of war. |
Markland |
Norway |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Bay of Biscay 10 nautical miles (19 km) west of the Île de Ré by SM UB-39 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[79] |
Salvatore Padre |
Italy |
World War I: The sailing vessel was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea by SM U-35 ( Imperial German Navy).[80] |
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List of shipwrecks: 15 January 1917
Ship | State | Description |
Bernadette |
France |
World War I: The brig was scuttled in the Bay of Biscay 8 nautical miles (15 km) south south east of the Glénan Islands, Finistère (47°27′N 3°50′W) by SM UC-18 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[119] |
Brabant |
Norway |
World War I: The cargo ship struck a mine placed by SM UC-43 ( Imperial German Navy) and sank in the North Sea 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) off Flamborough Head, Yorkshire, United Kingdom with the loss of three of her crew.[120] |
Esperanca |
Norway |
World War I: The cargo ship was captured in the Atlantic Ocean by SM U-48 ( Imperial German Navy). She was scuttled the next day 165 nautical miles (306 km) north of Cape Finisterre, Spain.[121] |
Garfield |
United Kingdom |
World War I: The tanker was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Sea 60 nautical miles (110 km) north east by north of Alexandria, Egypt (36°05′N 19°57′E) by SM U-39 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived, but her captain was taken as a prisoner of war.[2][122] |
Graafjeld |
Norway |
World War I: The coaster struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) east of Flamborough Head. Her crew survived.[123] |
Independant |
France |
World War I: The sailing vessel was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 20 nautical miles (37 km) north west of Ouessant, Finistère by SM UB-38 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived; they were rescued by a Royal Navy destroyer.[124] |
Kinpurney |
United Kingdom |
World War I: The full-rigged ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 110 nautical miles (200 km) west of the Bishop Rock, Isles of Scilly (49°20′N 9°10′W) by SM U-84 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[125] |
Omsk |
Denmark |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 90 nautical miles (170 km) west of the Bishop's Rock (49°12′N 8°39′W) by SM U-84 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[126] |
Otto |
Norway |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Bay of Biscay 10 nautical miles (19 km) north west of Belle Île, Morbihan, France (47°32′N 3°41′W) by SM UC-18 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[127] |
Port Nicholson |
United Kingdom |
World War I: The cargo liner struck a mine placed by SM UC-1 ( Imperial German Navy) and sank in the North Sea 15 nautical miles (28 km) west of Dunquerque, Pas-de-Calais, France (51°01′45″N 1°58′15″E) with the loss of two of her crew.[128] |
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List of shipwrecks: 19 January 1917
Ship | State | Description |
Anna |
Norway |
World War I: The cargo ship was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 80 nautical miles (150 km) west of Ouessant, Finistère, France (48°29′N 7°12′W) by SM UC-16 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[144] |
HMS E36 |
Royal Navy |
The E-class submarine collided with HMS E43 ( Royal Navy) in the North Sea off Harwich, Essex and sank with the loss of all 30 crew. |
Gaea |
Norway |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Bay of Biscay 21 nautical miles (39 km) north by east of Bilbao, Biscay, Spain by SM U-59 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[145] |
Joseph Rosalie |
France |
World War I: The sailing vessel was sunk in the English Channel 40 nautical miles (74 km) north west of the Roches-Douvres Lighthouse, Côtes-du-Nord by SM UC-21 ( Imperial German Navy).[146] |
Klampenborg |
Denmark |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Bay of Biscay off Audierne, Finistère, France (47°56′N 4°42′W) by SM UC-18 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[147] |
Lilian H. |
United Kingdom |
World War I: The schooner was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 15 nautical miles (28 km) south by east of the Old Head of Kinsale, County Cork by SM UB-38 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[148] |
Marietta di Giorgio |
Norway |
World War I: The coaster was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 70 nautical miles (130 km) south west of Ouessant (47°38′N 6°23′W) by SM UC-21 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[149] |
Nailsea Court |
United Kingdom |
World War I: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 32 nautical miles (59 km) west of the Skelligs by SM U-48 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[2][150] |
Parahyba |
Uruguay |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Bay of Biscay 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) south of the La Vieille Lighthouse, Finistère (47°57′N 4°45′W) by SM UC-18 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[151] |
Reinunga |
Norway |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 70 nautical miles (130 km) south west of the Bishop Rock, Isles of Scilly, United Kingdom by SM UC-16 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[152] |
Theresdal |
Norway |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean off Ouessant by SM UC-16 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[153] |
Tremeadow |
United Kingdom |
World War I: The cargo ship was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 35 nautical miles (65 km) north east by north of Ouessant (49°03′N 4°50′W) by SM UC-21 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[2][154] |
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List of shipwrecks: 28 January 1917
Ship | State | Description |
Alexandra |
United Kingdom |
World War I: The fishing vessel was scuttled in the North Sea 60 nautical miles (110 km) east of the Longstone Lighthouse, Northumberland by SM UC-31 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived, but her skipper was taken as a prisoner of war.[211][212] |
Amiral Magon |
France |
World War I: The troopship was torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean Ocean 160 nautical miles (300 km) west of Antikythera, Greece (35°49′N 20°02′E) by SM U-39 ( Imperial German Navy) with the loss of 203 lives.[213] |
Argo |
Norway |
World War I: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km) south east of the Inner Dowsing Lightship ( United Kingdom) (53°19′N 0°37′E) with the loss of nine of her crew.[214] |
Daisy |
Denmark |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 60 nautical miles (110 km) north north west of Cape Ortegal, Spain by SM U-67 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[215] |
Egret |
Russia |
World War I: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) south west of the Inner Dowsing Lightship ( United Kingdom) (53°16′N 0°35′E).[216] |
Foz do Douro |
Portugal |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 55 nautical miles (102 km) west of A Coruña, Spain by SM U-43 ( Imperial German Navy).[217] |
Fulton |
Norway |
World War I: The cargo ship was captured in the Atlantic Ocean 40 nautical miles (74 km) north west of Cape Finisterre, Spain by SM U-43 ( Imperial German Navy). She was scuttled the next day in Corcubion Bay. Her crew survived.[218] |
Heimland I |
Norway |
World War I: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North sea 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) off the Inner Dowsing Lightship ( United Kingdom) (53°17′40″N 0°36′03″E). Her crew survived.[219] |
HMT Jacamar |
Royal Navy |
The naval trawler collided with another vessel and sank in the English Channel off the Folkestone Lightship ( United Kingdom).[220] |
Nueva Montana |
Spain |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Bay of Biscay off Point Penmarc'h, Finistère, France (47°38′N 5°15′W) by SM U-53 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[221] |
Perce |
United Kingdom |
World War I: The sailing vessel was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 150 nautical miles (280 km) north east by east of the St Paul Rocks, Brazil by SMS Seeadler ( Imperial German Navy).[2] |
HM Torpedo Boat 24 |
Royal Navy |
The torpedo boat collided with a breakwater and sank at Dover, Kent.[222] |
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List of shipwrecks: 31 January 1917
Ship | State | Description |
Dundee |
Canada |
World War I: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 10 nautical miles (19 km) west of St Ives, Cornwall (50°22′N 5°36′W) by SM U-55 ( Imperial German Navy) with the loss of a crew member.[2][237] |
Epsilon |
Netherlands |
World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the English Channel 0.75 nautical miles (1.39 km) south of St Anthony's Lighthouse, Cornwall, United Kingdom (50°08′N 5°01′W) by SM UC-17 ( Imperial German Navy).[238] |
Famiglia |
Italy |
World War I: The cargo ship was captured in the Atlantic Ocean west of the Hebrides, United Kingdom by SM U-43 ( Imperial German Navy). A prize crew was placed aboard. They scuttled the ship on 9 February when intercepted by HMS Moldavia ( Royal Navy).[239] |
Hekla |
Norway |
World War I: The coaster was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean south west of the Wolf Rock, Cornwall, United Kingdom by SM U-53 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[240] |
Ida Duncan |
United Kingdom |
World War I: The tug struck a mine and sank in the North Sea off Middlesbrough, Yorkshire (54°39′00″N 1°07′15″W) with the loss of six of her crew.[241] |
HMML 197 |
Royal Navy |
The motor launch was lost on this date.[38] |
Modiva |
Norway |
World War I: The cargo ship struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 14 nautical miles (26 km) south east of Flamborough Head, Yorkshire (53°46′N 0°17′E) with the loss of three of her crew.[242] |
Ravensbourne |
United Kingdom |
World War I: The cargo ship struck a mine, set by SM UC-31, and sank in the North Sea 8 nautical miles (15 km) south east of the mouth of the River Tyne (54°56′N 1°14′W) ( Imperial German Navy) with the loss of three of her crew.[243] |
Rigel |
Norway |
World War I: The cargo ship was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 60 nautical miles (110 km) north west of Cape Villano, Spain by SM U-43 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[244] |
Saint Léon |
France |
World War I: The schooner was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 12 nautical miles (22 km) north north west of the Pendeen Lighthouse, Cornwall (50°21′N 5°48′W) by SM U-55 ( Imperial German Navy).[245] |
Tampico |
United States |
The steamer went ashore on Great Point Rip, Nantucket, Massachusetts. Later refloated.[14] |
Yvonne |
France |
World War I: The sailing vessel was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean off the Pendeen Lighthouse by SM U-55 ( Imperial German Navy).[246] |
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"Baycraig". Uboat.net. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
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"Leontine". Uboat.net. Retrieved 27 November 2012.
"Lucy". Uboat.net. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
"Anna". Uboat.net. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
"Aurelie". Uboat.net. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
"Bearnais". Uboat.net. Retrieved 27 November 2012.
"Ethel". Uboat.net. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
"Gaulois". Uboat.net. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
"Kamma". Uboat.net. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
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"Minho". Uboat.net. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
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"Donstad". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
"Eden". Uboat.net. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
"Egypte". Uboat.net. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
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"Salland". Uboat.net. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
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"Marie 3". Uboat.net. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
"Quebec". Uboat.net. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
"Vega". Uboat.net. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
"Myrdal". Uboat.net. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
"Sunniva". Uboat.net. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
"Sylvie". Uboat.net. Retrieved 5 October 2012.
"Bisagno". Uboat.net. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
"Dicax". Uboat.net. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
"Tabasco". Uboat.net. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
"Artist". Uboat.net. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
"Argo". Uboat.net. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
"Daisy". Uboat.net. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
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"Edda". Uboat.net. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
"Thistle". Uboat.net. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
"Merit". Uboat.net. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
"Trevone". Uboat.net. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
"W.A.H." Uboat.net. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
"Dundee". Uboat.net. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
"Epsilon". Uboat.net. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
"Hekla". Uboat.net. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
"Modiva". Uboat.net. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
"Rigel". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
"Yvonne". Uboat.net. Retrieved 11 October 2012.