List of serial killers in the United Kingdom

A serial killer is typically a person who murders three or more people, with the murders taking place over more than a month and including a significant period of time between them.^[1][2] The US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) defines serial killing as "a series of two or more murders, committed as separate events, usually, but not always, by one offender acting alone".^[2][3]

England

Name	Years active	Proven victims	Possible victims	Status	Notes	Ref
Akinmurele, Stephen	1995–1998	5	8	Committed suicide before trial	Known as "The Cul-de-sac killer"; Nigerian immigrant suspected of killing elderly people in Blackpool and the Isle of Man	[4]
Allitt, Beverley	1991	4	4	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Known as "The Angel of Death"; Lincolnshire paediatric nurse who killed children in her care	[5]
Balls, Jonathan	1824–1845	22	22+	Committed suicide prior to identification	Poisoned relatives and acquaintances with arsenic in Happisburgh	[6]
Bellfield, Levi	2002–2004	3	3+	Sentenced to life imprisonment with a whole life order	Known as "The Bus Stop Stalker"; convicted of the 2002 murder of Amanda Dowler and two fatal hammer attacks on young women in South West London.	[7]
Bierton, Lawrence	1995–2023	3	3	Sentenced to life imprisonment with a whole life order	Killed two elderly sisters in Rotherham in 1995. In 2023 he was convicted of a third murder he committed while released on licence.	[8]
Bishop, John	1830	3	3	Executed in 1831	Leader of "The London Burkers"; together with Thomas Williams and two accomplices, formed a gang of body snatchers that drugged and killed victims for money	[9]
Bourne, Geordie	1590s–1597	7	7	Executed in 1597	Scottish bandit who killed seven people around the East English Marches	[10]
Brady, Ian	1963–1965	5	5	Died in prison	Committed the so-called Moors murders with girlfriend Myra Hindley, killing five children and burying four of their bodies on Saddleworth Moor	[11]
Britland, Mary Ann	1886	3	3	Executed in 1886	Poisoned her daughter, husband, and the wife of her lover in 1886; first woman to be executed by hanging at Strangeways Prison	[12]
Brumfitt, Paul	1979–1999	3	3	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Strangled two men, one in Tilbury and another in Denmark, in 1979; sentenced to life, but released in 1994, and later killed a prostitute in Woodsetton in 1999.	[13]
Bryan, Peter	1993–2004	3	3	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Institutionalized for fatal hammer attack on woman in 1993; re-apprehended for cannibalizing a friend in 2004, but able to batter a fellow patient to death months later	[14]
Burgess, David	1966–1967	3	3	Sentenced to 27 years imprisonment	Murdered three young girls in Beenham; originally convicted of two murders, he was released in 1996, only to be convicted of the third murder in 2012 after new DNA evidence was found.	[15]
Chapman, George	1897–1902	3	3	Executed in 1903	Known as "The Borough Poisoner"; Polish-born barber who poisoned his wives in London's East End	[16]
Childs, John	1974–1978	6	6	Sentenced to life imprisonment with a whole life order	Apparent contract killer who killed six people in East London, although none of the bodies were ever found	[17]
Christie, John	1943–1953	8	8+	Executed in 1953	Known as "The Rillington Place Strangler"; gassed, raped and strangled at least five women from 1943 to 1953, hiding the bodies at his house in Notting Hill, London; also strangled his wife Ethel, as well as the wife and baby daughter of neighbour Timothy Evans, who was wrongfully executed for their murders.	[18]
Chua, Victorino	2011	3	7	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Nurse at Stepping Hill Hospital who poisoned patients with insulin	[19]
Cotton, Mary Ann	1852–1872	21	21+	Executed in 1873	Poisoned family members and acquaintances for their insurance policies	[20]
Cream, Thomas Neill	1881–1892	5	5+	Executed in 1892	Known as "The Lambeth Poisoner"; Scottish-Canadian doctor who poisoned women with strychnine in the United States and then England	[21]
Cummins, Gordon	1941–1942	4	6	Executed in 1942	Known as "The Blackout Ripper"; RAF pilot who murdered four women in London during the wartime blackout in 1942, and suspect in two previous murders from 1941	[22]
Dawson, Andrew	1982–2010	3	3	Sentenced to life imprisonment with a whole life order	"The Angel of Mercy"; stabbed three men to death with no provocation	[23]
Dennehy, Joanna	2013	3	3	Sentenced to life imprisonment with a whole life order	Stabbed three men to death and tried to kill two others selected at random in what became known as the "Peterborough ditch murders".	[24]
Duffy, John	1985–1986	3	3	Sentenced to life imprisonment with a whole life order	Together with accomplice David Mulcahy, known as "The Railway Rapists"; killed three women near railway stations in Southern England	[25]
Dyer, Amelia	1869–1896	6	400+	Executed in 1896	Known as "The Ogress of Reading"; baby farmer who murdered infants in her care	[26]
Erskine, Kenneth	1986	7	11	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Known as "The Stockwell Strangler"; gerontophile who murdered elderly citizens in London	[27]
Grieveson, Steven	1990–1994	4	4+	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Known as "The Sunderland Strangler"; murdered four teenage boys in Sunderland	[28]
Griffiths, Stephen	2009–2010	3	3+	Sentenced to life imprisonment with a whole life order	Known as "The Crossbow Cannibal"; convicted of murdering three prostitutes in Bradford	[29]
Haigh, John	1944–1949	6	9	Executed in 1949	Known as "The Acid Bath Murderer"; murdered people for money and then dissolved their bodies in sulphuric acid	[30]
Hardy, Anthony	2000–2002	3	8+	Died in prison	Known as "The Camden Ripper"; abducted, murdered and dismembered women across London	[31]
Hardy, Trevor	1974–1976	3	3	Died in prison	Known as "The Beast of Manchester"; killed three teenage girls in Manchester	[32]
Herbert, Philip	1678–1680	3	3	Died a free man	Nobleman known for assaulting and sometimes killing fellow peers for no discernible reason; although he faced lesser charges, research indicates that he was responsible for all the murders attributed to him	[33]
Hindley, Myra	1963–1965	5	5	Died in prison	Committed the so-called Moors murders with boyfriend Ian Brady, killing five children and burying four of their bodies on Saddleworth Moor	[34]
Ireland, Colin	1993	5	5	Died in prison	Known as "The Gay Slayer"; killed five gay men in London to seek attention from the media	[35]
Jebson, Ronald	1970–1974	3	3	Died in prison	Paedophile responsible for the 1970 Babes in the Wood murders and the murder of another child	[36]
Johnson, Theodore	1981–2016	3	3	Sentenced to 30 years imprisonment	Jamaican immigrant who murdered his wife and two girlfriends	[37]
Lee, Bruce George Peter	1973–1979	12	26	Sentenced to involuntary commitment	Arsonist responsible for multiple deaths during acts of arson in Kingston upon Hull; some convictions have been quashed	[38]
Letby, Lucy	2015–2016	7	7+	Sentenced to life imprisonment with a whole life order	NHS nurse convicted of killing 7 babies and attempting to kill 6 others whilst working as a neonatal nurse at Countess of Chester Hospital	[39]
Ligus, Robin	1994–1996	3	4	Died in prison	Drug addict convicted of robbing and bludgeoning three men to death with an iron bar in Shropshire	[40]
Lupo, Michael	1985–1986	4	4	Died in prison	Known as "The Wolf Man"; gay Italian immigrant who killed fellow gay men in London	[41]
Mackay, Patrick	1974–1975	3	11	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Thrill killer who killed people during thefts and robberies	[42]
Martin, Mark	2004–2005	3	3	Sentenced to life imprisonment with a whole life order	Known as "The Sneinton Strangler"; murdered homeless women in Nottingham with two accomplices to become famous	[43]
Maudsley, Robert	1974–1978	4	4	Sentenced to life imprisonment with a whole life order	Killed a man in London, and later two cellmates in prison and one fellow patient in Broadmoor Hospital	[44]
Morris, Raymond Leslie	1965–1967	3	3	Died in prison	Raped and murdered prepubescent girls and left their corpses on Cannock Chase.	[45]
Mulcahy, David	1985–1986	3	3	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Together with accomplice John Duffy, known as "The Railway Rapists"; killed three women near railway stations in Southern England	[46]
Napper, Robert	1992–1993	3	3	Sentenced to involuntary commitment	Known as "The Green Chain Rapist"; raped, murdered and mutilated women and children	[47]
Neilson, Donald	1971–1975	4	4	Died in prison	Known as "The Black Panther"; killed post office clerks and heiress Lesley Whittle	[48]
Nilsen, Dennis	1978–1983	12	15	Died in prison	Known as "The Muswell Hill Murderer"; lured and murdered young men at his flat in London, ritually dissecting their bodies post-mortem	[49]
Norris, Colin	2002	4	10	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Scottish nurse who poisoned elderly patients he considered "difficult" at a hospital in Leeds	[50]
Port, Stephen	2014–2015	4	4	Sentenced to life imprisonment with a whole life order	Known as "The Grindr Killer"; serial rapist who drugged, sexually assaulted and murdered men in Barking, London that he met on dating apps	[51]
Sach, Amelia	1900–1902	20	20+	Executed in 1903	Together with accomplice Annie Walters, known as "The Finchley Baby Farmers"; murdered infants placed in their care	[52]
Shipman, Harold	1975–1998	218	250+	Committed suicide in prison	Known as "Dr Death"; general practitioner who murdered patients placed in his care; only British doctor to be convicted of such charges. Convicted of 15 murders and responsible for the deaths of 218 patients identified by inquiry, but is believed to have killed around 250 people.[53][54]	[55]
Smith, George Joseph	1912–1914	3	3	Executed in 1915	Bigamist who murdered three women by drowning them in his bath	[56]
Straffen, John	1951–1952	3	3	Died in prison	Murdered a young girl to get revenge on police; confined to mental hospital, escaped and killed two others	[57]
Sutcliffe, Peter	1975–1980	13	14+	Died in prison	Known as "The Yorkshire Ripper"; murdered women around West Yorkshire and Manchester; the manhunt for him was one of the most extensive and expensive in British history	[58]
Walters, Annie	1900–1902	20	20+	Executed in 1903	Together with accomplice Amelia Sach, known as "The Finchley Baby Farmers"; murdered infants placed in their care	[59]
West, Fred	1967–1987	12	13+	Committed suicide before trial	Together with his wife Rose, known as "The House of Horrors Murderers"; tortured and murdered teenage girls and young women around Gloucestershire; Fred committed some separate killings on his own	[60]
West, Rose	1971–1987	10	10	Sentenced to life imprisonment with a whole life order	Together with her husband Fred, known as "The House of Horrors Murderers"; tortured and murdered teenage girls and young women around Gloucestershire	[61]
Williams, Thomas	1830	3	3	Executed in 1831	Member of "The London Burkers"; together with John Bishop and two accomplices, formed a gang of body snatchers that drugged and killed victims for money	[62]
Wright, Steve	2006	5	5+	Sentenced to life imprisonment with a whole life order	Known as "The Suffolk Strangler"; killed five women in six weeks around Ipswich	[63]
Young, Graham	1962–1971	3	3+	Died in prison	Known as "The Teacup Poisoner"; poisoned school friends and family at age fourteen in 1961, killing his stepmother in 1962. Detained at Broadmoor Hospital. Released in 1971, he began poisoning coworkers, murdering two. His case sparked debate on the treatment of mentally-ill offenders, leading to legislation being passed	[64]

Northern Ireland

Name	Years active	Proven victims	Possible victims	Status	Notes	Ref
Shankill Butchers	1975–1982	23	23+	Various	Ulster loyalist gang who murdered people in sectarian attacks	[65]
Murphy, Lenny	1972–1982	11 (not including Shankill Butchers murders)	34+ (including Shankill Butchers murders)	Shot dead by Provisional IRA gunmen on 16 November 1982	Leader of the Loyalist Shankill Butchers death squad. He killed as part of the gang but also on his own prior to its establishment	[66]

Scotland

Name	Years active	Proven victims	Possible victims	Status	Notes	Ref
Black, Robert	1981–1986	4	4+	Died in prison	Paedophilic lorry driver who raped and murdered underage girls across the UK; suspected in other murders across several European countries	[67]
Burke, William	1828	16	16	Executed in 1829	Irish immigrant who killed people and sold their corpses for money along with accomplice William Hare	[68]
Hall, Archibald	1977–1978	5	5	Died in prison	Known as "The Monster Butler"; murdered people to cover up his crimes while working as a butler for British aristocracy, some with the help of accomplice Michael Kitto	[69]
Hare, William	1828	16	16	Unknown; died after 1829	Irish immigrant who killed people and sold their corpses for money along with accomplice William Burke	[70]
Manuel, Peter	1956–1958	7	9	Executed in 1958	Known as "The Beast of Birkenshaw"; American-born killer who murdered people across Lanarkshire	[71]
Mone, Robert	1967–1976	4	4	Sentenced to life imprisonment	Raped and murdered a teacher; later escaped from a mental hospital and killed three more people	[72]
Sinclair, Angus	1961–1978	4	8+	Died in prison	Raped and murdered young women in Edinburgh and Glasgow; his case prompted significant changes to the double jeopardy laws in the UK	[73]
Tobin, Peter	1991–2006	3	3+	Died in prison	Sex offender who raped and murdered young women in Scotland and England; suspect in numerous violent crimes dating back to the late 1960s	[74]

Wales

Name	Years active	Proven victims	Possible victims	Status	Notes	Ref
Cooper, John	1985–1998	4	9	Sentenced to life imprisonment with a whole life order	Known as "The Bullseye Killer"; committed two double murders in Pembrokeshire; suspected in other murders and numerous sexual assaults	[75]
Kappen, Joseph	1973	3	4+	Died prior to identification	Known as "The Saturday Night Strangler"; raped and murdered three teenage girls in Llandarcy and Tonmawr; first serial killer to be posthumously identified via familial DNA profiling	[76]
Moore, Peter	1995	4	4	Sentenced to life imprisonment with a whole life order	Known as "The Man in Black"; English cinema owner who sexually assaulted and stabbed men to death "for fun" in Denbighshire and Anglesey	[77]

Unidentified serial killers

Name	Years active	Proven victims	Possible victims	Regions where active	Notes	Ref
Bible John	1968–1969	3	3	Glasgow	Murdered three young women he met at the Barrowland Ballroom in Glasgow; nickname derived from his repeated quotations from the Bible	[78]
Eve Stratford and Lynne Weedon murderer	1975–1977	3	4	Greater London	In 2007, DNA unexpectedly proved the same man had killed Eve Stratford, a Playboy Bunny, and Lynne Weedon, a 16-year-old schoolgirl. They had been killed on opposite sides of London in 1975 in sexually-motivated attacks. Police themselves also linked a third murder, that of Elizabeth Parravincina, which occurred close to Weedon's in 1977	[79][80] [81][82] [83][84]
Jack the Ripper	1888	5	20	Greater London	Murdered prostitutes in London's Whitechapel area of the East End, mutilating their bodies post-mortem	[85]
Jack the Stripper	1964–1965	6	8	Greater London	Strangled prostitutes in West London and dumped their bodies in and near to the River Thames	[86]
Thames Torso Murderer	1887–1889	4	4+	Greater London	Murdered prostitutes around London, then dismembered their remains and dumped them into the River Thames; some speculate that these killings were committed by Jack the Ripper, but this has not been confirmed	[87]

See also

• Lists of serial killers
• List of serial killers by country

References

1. Ronald M. Holmes; Stephen T. Holmes (1998). Contemporary Perspectives on Serial Murder. SAGE Publications. p. 1. ISBN 0-7619-1421-8. Retrieved 15 June 2016. Serial murder is the killing of three or more people over a period of more than 30 days, with a significant cooling-off period between the murders [...] The baseline number of three victims appears to be most common among those who are the academic authorities in the field. The time frame also appears to be an agreed-upon component of the definition.
2. Burkhalter Chmelir 2003, p. 1.
3. Morton 2005, p. 4, 9.
4. Wilson, Jamie (30 August 1999). "'Serial killer' found hanged". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
5. Foster, Jonathan (15 October 1993). "Child murderer confesses at last". The Independent. London, UK. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
6. Stacia Briggs (29 August 2020). "WEIRD NORFOLK: The Victorian 'vampire' serial killer from Happisburgh buried with a cake". Eastern Daily Press. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022.
7. "He murdered two... how many more did Bellfield target?". The Herald. 26 February 2008. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
8. "Lawrence Bierton: Killer guilty of third murder will never be released". 20 December 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
9. "Early Murder Investigations". History by the Yard. Retrieved 24 January 2007.
10. Powell, G. H., ed. (1905). Memoirs of Robert Carey, Earl of Monmouth. London, UK: Alexander Moring Ltd. The De La More Press. pp. 42–45. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
11. "Hindley: I wish I'd been hanged". BBC News. 29 February 2000. Retrieved 11 August 2009.
12. Berry, James (1892). Ward, H. Snowden (ed.). My Experiences as an Executioner. London, UK: Percy Lund & Co. pp. 74–76. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
13. "Freed killer murders again". BBC News. 21 July 2000.
14. Hazlett, Alexandra (3 September 2009). "Series of blunders frees schizophrenic cannibal Peter Bryan, who kills two more people". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on 5 September 2009. Retrieved 23 November 2009.
15. "Yolande Waddington: David Burgess guilty of nanny's murder". BBC News. 20 July 2012. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
16. De Loriol, Peter (2010). Murder and Crime in London. History Press Limited. pp. 61–62. ISBN 978-0-7524-5657-7.
17. "British hired killer shocks Old Bailey". Montreal Gazette. UPI. 6 December 1979. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
18. Marston, Edward (2007). John Christie. Kew, Surrey: The National Archives. p. 108. ISBN 978-1-90561-516-2.
19. "Stepping Hill nurse Victorino Chua jailed for life". BBC News. 19 May 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
20. Armstrong, Neil (31 October 2016). "Dark Angel: the gruesome true story of Mary Ann Cotton, Britain's first serial killer". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
21. Edwards, Wallace (2013). I am Jack The... Absolute Crime. ISBN 978-1-4848-7221-5.
22. "A Ripper Stalked in the Blackout Murder". The Sydney Sun. 22 February 1942. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
23. "Neighbour killer Andrew Dawson given whole life term". BBC News. 18 July 2011. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
24. Williams, Rob (18 November 2013). "Joanna Dennehy trial: Serial killer stuns Old Bailey by pleading guilty to murdering three men and dumping bodies in ditches". The Independent. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
25. "Murder victims' fate 'revealed'". BBC News. 3 October 2000. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
26. "The Baby Farmer". Thames Valley Police. Archived from the original on 2 March 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
27. "'Strangler' wins murders appeal". BBC News. 14 July 2009. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
28. "Gay serial killer is given three life sentences". The Independent. 29 February 1996. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
29. "Bradford murders timeline". The Guardian. London, UK. 27 May 2010. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
30. Ramsland, K. (2006). "John George Haigh: a malingerer's legacy". The Forensic Examiner. 15 (4). Archived from the original on 25 August 2021 – via FindArticles.
31. "Camden Ripper must never be released, judge rules". The Guardian. Press Association. 14 May 2010. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
32. Osuh, Chris (13 June 2008). "Serial killer will die in jail". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
33. Rayner, J.L.; Crook, G.T, eds. (1926). "Philip, Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, Tried for the Murder of Nathaniel Cony by his Brother Peers in 1678 and found guilty of Manslaughter later". The Complete Newgate Calendar. London, UK: Navarre Society. Retrieved 24 November 2019 – via Ex-Classics.com.
34. "Hindley: I wish I'd been hanged". BBC News. 29 February 2000. Retrieved 11 August 2009.
35. "Colin Ireland". Crime + Investigation. 30 June 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
36. Gander, Kashmira (27 April 2015). "'Babes in the Wood' murders: Paedophile Ronald Jebson dies 'secretly' in hospital". The Independent. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
37. Grierson, Jamie (5 January 2018). "Killer on conditional release who murdered partner given life sentence". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
38. "Special hospital for young man who admitted killing 26 people and ten charges of arson". The Times. 21 January 1984. p. 3. Retrieved 7 July 2010. (Library card access)
39. Wilson, David (20 August 2023). "'Serial killer' found hanged". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
40. Megan Jones (6 January 2023). "Shrewsbury serial killer Robin Ligus dead at 70". Shropshire Star. Archived from the original on 6 January 2023.
41. Bennetto, Jason (18 February 1995). "Serial killer with HIV virus dies in jail". The Independent. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
42. Ramsland, Katherine. "Patrick Mackay, psychopathic repeat killer". Crime Library. Archived from the original on 1 April 2008. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
43. "Murderer made serial killer boast". BBC News. 24 February 2006. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
44. Shennan, Paddy (7 May 2003). "Tragic life that led to Hannibal killings". Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
45. "Cannock Chase Child Murderer Raymond Morris is Dead". Express & Star. 13 March 2014. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
46. "Murder victims' fate 'revealed'". BBC News. 3 October 2000. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
47. O'Neill, Sean; Fresco, Adam (18 December 2008). "Inside the mind of Robert Napper". The Times. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
48. Lockley, Mike (17 January 2015). "Black Panther Donald Neilson's trail of Terror and Murder of Lesley Whittle 40 Years ago Remembered by Top Cop". The Birmingham Mail. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
49. Nicholson, David (5 November 1983). "Nilsen given 25-year sentence". The Times. No. 61682. London, UK. p. 1.
50. "Nurse guilty of killing patients". BBC News. 3 March 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
51. "Stephen Port: Serial killer guilty of murdering four men". BBC News. 23 November 2016. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
52. Grey, Daniel (2009). "'More Ignorant and Stupid than Wilfully Cruel': Homicide Trials and 'Baby-Farming' in England and Wales in the Wake of the Children Act 1908". Crimes and Misdemeanours. 3: 60.
53. "The-shipman-inquiry.org.uk". Archived from the original on 13 April 2010.
54. "Shipman 'killed early in career'". BBC News. 27 January 2005. Retrieved 14 May 2007.
55. "Harold Shipman: The killer doctor". BBC News. 13 January 2004. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
56. John, Adam (17 February 2018). "George Joseph Smith and the notorious 'Brides in the Bath' murders". Kent and Sussex Courier. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
57. Stratton, Allegra (19 November 2007). "Longest-serving UK prisoner dies, aged 77". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
58. Steel, Fiona. "A Killer's Mask". TruTV.com. Archived from the original on 21 March 2009. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
59. Grey, Daniel (2009). "'More Ignorant and Stupid than Wilfully Cruel': Homicide Trials and 'Baby-Farming' in England and Wales in the Wake of the Children Act 1908". Crimes and Misdemeanours. 3: 60.
60. Donnelley, Paul (4 April 2014). "The Chilling Confession of Serial Killer Fred West about His 16-year-old Daughter's Murder to be Heard in New Television Documentary". Eveyo.com. Archived from the original on 14 March 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
61. Donnelley, Paul (4 April 2014). "The Chilling Confession of Serial Killer Fred West about His 16-year-old Daughter's Murder to be Heard in New Television Documentary". Eveyo.com. Archived from the original on 14 March 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
62. "Early Murder Investigations". History by the Yard. Retrieved 24 January 2007.
63. Allen, Nick (21 February 2008). "Steve Wright: A real Jekyll and Hyde". The Daily Telegraph. London, UK. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
64. Lane, Brian (1993). The Murder Guide: 100 Extraordinary, Bizarre and Gruesome Murders. London, UK: Robinson. p. 191. ISBN 1-85487-083-1.
65. Conuil (July 2007). "Sectarianism – Racism – One and the Same?". Politics.ie. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
66. Dillon, Martin (1989). The Shankill Butchers. ISBN 0-415-92231-3
67. "Robert Black: Convicted child killer dies in prison". BBC News. 12 January 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
68. Johnson, Ben. "The Story of Burke and Hare". Historic UK. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
69. "The Murderous Butler: Archibald Thomson Hall, alias Roy Fontaine". Watford Observer. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
70. Johnson, Ben. "The Story of Burke and Hare". Historic UK. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
71. MacLeod, Hector; McLeod, Malcolm (2010). Peter Manuel, Serial Killer (ebook ed.). Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84596-883-0.
72. "Anger at double killer's day out". BBC News. 12 July 2007. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
73. Womersley, Tara (14 June 2001). "Child killer gets life for 1978 death of teenager". The Daily Telegraph. London, UK. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
74. Cacciottolo, Mario (16 December 2009). "Piecing together serial killer Peter Tobin's past". BBC News. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
75. McCarthy, James (16 September 2013). "'The moment Bullseye revealed the killer': How shotgun killer John Cooper was caught". Wales Online. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
76. Toolis, Kevin (18 January 2003). "The hunt for the Saturday Night Strangler". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
77. Barlow, Eleanor (3 March 2011). "Flintshire murderer Peter Moore in European Court of Human Rights appeal over life sentence". Flintshire Chronicle. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
78. Skelton, Douglas (10 February 1989). "A Kiss Before Dying: 20 years on, the mystery of Bible John still haunts a city". Evening Times. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
79. "DNA link found in 1975 killings". BBC News. 25 September 2007. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
80. "26/09/2007". Crimewatch. Season 24. Episode 7. BBC One.
81. "Young Mother Killed". Daily Mirror. 10 September 1977. p. 2.
82. McEachran, Jack (12 May 1983). "Sex case PC faces murderer quiz". Daily Mirror. p. 1 (front cover).
83. Clark, Chris; Tate, Tim (2015). Yorkshire Ripper: The Secret Murders. The True Story of how Peter Sutcliffe's Terrible Reign Claimed at Least 22 More Lives. London: John Blake. p. 225. ISBN 978-1-78418-418-6.
84. Edwards, Jeff (26 September 2007). "BUNNY 'LINK' TO 3 DEATHS". The Mirror. p. 19. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
85. "The Enduring Mystery of Jack the Ripper". Metropolitan Police. Archived from the original on 4 February 2010. Retrieved 31 January 2010.
86. Gates, James (12 March 2012). "Retro: The mystery of the Jack the Stripper murders". Get West London. Archived from the original on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
87. Gordon, R. Michael (3 October 2015). The Thames Torso Murders of Victorian London. London, UK: McFarland. ISBN 978-1-4766-1665-0.

Bibliography

• Burkhalter Chmelir, Sandra (2003). "Serial Killers". In Robert Kastenbaum (ed.). Macmillan Encyclopedia of Death and Dying. Vol. 2. New York: Macmillan Reference USA/Thomson/Gale. p. 1. Archived from the original on 3 May 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
• Morton, RJ (2005). "Serial murder multi-disciplinary perspectives for investigators" (PDF). Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved 16 July 2011. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
• Hollandsworth, Skip (2015). The Midnight Assassin (1st ed.). New York: Henry Holt. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-8050-9767-2.
• Lane, Brian; Gregg, Wilfred (1995) [1992]. The Encyclopedia Of Serial Killers. New York City: Berkley Book. ISBN 0-425-15213-8.