List of political parties in Finland

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This article is a list of political parties in Finland, which includes Finland's national-level political parties and excludes local and provincial parties (such as the parties of Åland). A party is defined as a political association whose existence is recorded in the Ministry of Justice's party register.[1]

Finland has a multi-party system. Coalition governments which comprise a majority of seats in the Parliament of Finland are the norm. Those parties which are not in government are called the opposition. Due to the lack of an electoral threshold, many parties are usually represented in Parliament. As a result, it is all but impossible for one party to win a majority. Additionally, the parties usually cannot win enough seats between them to form a governing coalition on their own. Most Finnish governments, particularly since World War II, have thus been grand coalitions comprising parties stretching across the political spectrum.

Political parties work in parliamentary groups (eduskuntaryhmät) which usually vote with non-absolute party discipline.

Parties are composed of local chapters based in municipalities. In municipalities, which are fundamental administrative units in the country, parties hold seats in the municipal councils, but often have to compete for them with local non-party groups (independents).

Finnish law states that a political association which fulfills certain conditions is eligible to become a political party free of charge.[1] Among these conditions are:

  • that the primary purpose of the association is to affect governmental affairs,
  • that it has received at least 5,000 votes in any parliamentary, municipal, county, or European Parliament election,
  • that the association's rules secure the following of democratic principles in its decision making and activities,
  • and that it has a general program based on these rules which expresses the association's principles and goals regarding its actions in governmental affairs.

A registered party may nominate candidates in any national and local elections, and a party that is represented in parliament is entitled to a government subsidy relative to its number of seats. To qualify as a registered party, an association must have bylaws guaranteeing democratic internal organization and must be able to present 5,000 signatures from its supporters who are eligible to vote. A party that fails to win a single seat in two consecutive parliamentary elections is stricken from the register, but may apply again.

Parliamentary parties

More information Party, Ideology ...
Party Ideology MPs MEPs CCs Leader Founded Ref
National Coalition Party
Kansallinen Kokoomus
(Samlingspartiet)
Finnish: Kok
Swedish: Saml
Liberal conservatism
48 / 200
4 / 15
1,552 / 8,859
Petteri Orpo 1918 [2][3][4]
Finns Party
Perussuomalaiset
(Sannfinländarna)
Finnish: PS
Swedish: Sannf
National conservatism
Right-wing populism
46 / 200
1 / 15
1,351 / 8,859
Riikka Purra 1995 [2][3][4][5]
Social Democratic Party
Sosialidemokraatit
(Socialdemokraterna)
SDP
SD
Social democracy
43 / 200
2 / 15
1,451 / 8,859
Antti Lindtman 1899 [2][3][4]
Centre Party
Suomen Keskusta
(Centern i Finland)
Finnish: Kesk
Swedish: C
Agrarianism (Nordic)
Liberalism
22 / 200
2 / 15
2,445 / 8,859
Antti Kaikkonen 1906 [2][3][4][6]
Green League
Vihreä liitto
(Gröna förbundet)
(Ruoná lihttu)
(Ruánáá litto)
(Ruânn lett)
Vihr Green politics
Green liberalism
13 / 200
2 / 15
433 / 8,859
Sofia Virta 1987 [2][3][4]
Left Alliance
Vasemmistoliitto
(Vänsterförbundet)
Finnish: Vas
Swedish: VF
Democratic socialism
Eco-socialism
11 / 200
3 / 15
508 / 8,859
Minja Koskela 1990 [2][3][4]
Swedish People's Party
Ruotsalainen kansanpuolue
(Svenska folkpartiet)
Swedish: SFP
Finnish: RKP
R
Liberalism
Swedish-speaking minority interests
9 / 200
1 / 15
463 / 8,859
Anders Adlercreutz 1906 [2][3][4][7]
Christian Democrats
Kristillisdemokraatit
(Kristdemokraterna)
KD Christian democracy
Social conservatism
5 / 200
0 / 15
311 / 8,859
Sari Essayah 1958 [2][3][4]
Movement Now
Liike Nyt
(Rörelse Nu)
Finnish: Liik
Swedish: RN
Economic liberalism
1 / 200
0 / 15
49 / 8,859
Harry Harkimo 2018 [8][9][10][11]
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Extra-parliamentary parties

Summarize
Perspective

Registered

Those parties that have received neither a seat in the Parliament of Finland nor in the European Parliament, but which are registered political parties, are listed below.

More information Party, Ideology ...
Party Ideology CCs Leader Founded Ref
Animal Justice Party
Eläinoikeuspuolue
(Djurrättspartiet)
EOP Animal rights 0 Tatu Chanth 2015 [2][3][4]
Power Belongs to the People
Valta kuuluu kansalle
VKK Finnish ultranationalism
Vaccine hesitancy[12][13]
0 Antti Asikainen 2021 [2][4][14]
Crystal Party
Kristallipuolue
(Kristall Parti)
Kristall Spirituality
Anti-lockdown
0 Sanna Seesvalo 2013 [2][3][4][15]
Communist Party of Finland
Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue
(Finlands Kommunistiska Parti)
SKP Communism
Marxism–Leninism
0 Liisa Taskinen 1994 [2][3][4]
The Open Party
Avoin Puolue
AP Liberalism
Open government
0 Thierry Botty van den Bruele 2020 [2][3][4][16]
Freedom Alliance
Vapauden liitto
VL Right-wing populism
National conservatism
0 Ossi Tiihonen 2022
Truth Party
Totuuspuolue
TP National conservatism
Russophilia
0 Jaana Kavonius 2023 [17][18]
Liberal Party – Freedom to Choose
Liberaalipuolue - Vapaus valita
(Liberalpartiet - Frihet att välja)
Lib Classical liberalism
Economic liberalism
0 Lassi Kivinen 2015 [19][2][3][4]
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De-registered

The parties listed below have previously held the status of a registered party, but have been de-registered.

More information Party, Ideology ...
Party Ideology Leader Founded Ref
Blue-and-Black Movement
Sinimusta Liike
SML Neo-fascism Tuukka Kuru 2021 [20][21][22][23]
Kansalaisliitto
Kansalaisliitto
(Medborgarförbundet)
KaL Direct democracy
Economic democracy
Päivi Järnfors 1994 [19][2][3][4]
Pirate Party
Piraattipuolue
(Piratpartiet)
Pir Pirate politics
Social liberalism
Marek Nečada 2008 [19][2][3][4]
Feminist Party
Feministinen puolue
(Feministiska partiet)
FP Feminism Lauri Alhojärvi 2016 [19][2][3][4]
Communist Workers' Party
Kommunistinen Työväenpuolue
(Kommunistiska Arbetarpartiet)
KTP Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Sanni Riihiaho 1988 [2][3][4]
Change 2011
Muutos 2011
(Förändring 2011)
M11 Direct democracy
Populism
2009 [4][24]
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Historical parties

Parliamentary historical parties

More information Party, Founded ...
Party Founded Dissolved
Finnish Party
Suomalainen Puolue
Finska Partiet
1863 1918
Young Finnish Party
Nuorsuomalainen Puolue
Ungfinska Partiet
1894 1918
Christian Workers' Union of Finland
Suomen Kristillisen Työväen Liitto, KTL
Kristliga Arbetarförbundet
1906 1922
People's Party [fi]
Kansanpuolue
Folkpartiet
1917 1918
Communist Party of Finland
Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue, SKP
Finlands Kommunistiska Parti, FKP
1918 1992
National Progressive Party
Kansallinen Edistyspuolue
Framstegspartiet
1918 1951
Liberal Swedish Party
Svenska frisinnade partiet
Ruotsalainen vapaamielinen puolue
1919 1951
Patriotic People's Movement
Isänmaallinen kansanliike
Fosterländska folkrörelsen
1932 1944
People's Party
Kansanpuolue
Folkpartiet
1932 1936
Finnish People's Democratic League
Suomen Kansan Demokraattinen Liitto, SKDL
Demokratiska Förbundet för Finlands Folk, DFFF
1945 1990
Liberal League
Vapaamielisten liitto
De Frisinnades Förbund
1951 1965
Liberals
Liberaalit
Liberalerna
1965 2011
Finnish People's Unity Party
Suomen Kansan Yhtenäisyyden Puolue, SKYP
Enhetspartiet för Finlands Folk, EFF
1972 1983
Constitutional Right Party
Perustuslaillinen Oikeistopuolue, POP
Konstitutionella högerpartiet
1973 1992
Democratic Alternative
Demokraattinen Vaihtoehto, Deva
Demokratiskt Alternativ, DA
1986 1990
Kirjava ”Puolue” – Elonkehän Puolesta
Det Eko-Brokiga Partiet
1988 2003
People's Party of Finland
Suomen Kansanpuolue
Finska folkpartiet
1951 1965
Reform Group
Remonttiryhmä
Reformgruppen
1998 2001
Finnish Rural Party
Suomen Maaseudun Puolue, SMP
Finlands landsbygdsparti, FLP
1959 1995
Small Farmers Party
Pienviljelijäin Puolue
Småbrukarpartiet
1936 1954
Small Farmers' Party of Finland
Suomen Pienviljelijäin Puolue
Småbrukarpartiet
1929 1936
Socialist Electoral Organisation of Workers and Smallholders
Sosialistinen työväen ja pienviljelijöiden vaalijärjestö, STPV
Finlands socialistiska arbetarparti
1924 1930
Socialist Workers' Party of Finland
Suomen Sosialistinen Työväenpuolue, SSTP
Finlands socialistiska arbetarparti
1920 1923
Socialist Unity Party
Sosialistinen yhtenäisyyspuolue, SYP
Socialistiska enhetspartiet
1946 1955
Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders
Työväen ja Pienviljelijöiden Sosialidemokraattinen Liitto, TPSL
Arbetarnas och Småbrukarnas Socialdemokratiska Förbund, ASSF
1959 1973
Young Finns
Nuorsuomalaiset
Ungfinnarna
1994 1999
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Extra-parliamentary historical parties

Thumb
Election campaign stations for the Pirate Party and Independence Party, Narinkka, Helsinki.

See also

References

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