List of political parties in Finland

This article is a list of political parties in Finland, which includes Finland's national-level political parties and excludes local and provincial parties (such as the parties of Åland). A party is defined as a political association whose existence is recorded in the Ministry of Justice's party register.^[1]

Finland has a multi-party system. Coalition governments which comprise a majority of seats in the Parliament of Finland are the norm. Those parties which are not in government are called the opposition. Due to the lack of an electoral threshold, many parties are usually represented in Parliament. As a result, it is all but impossible for one party to win a majority. Additionally, the parties usually cannot win enough seats between them to form a governing coalition on their own. Most Finnish governments, particularly since World War II, have thus been grand coalitions comprising parties stretching across the political spectrum.

Political parties work in parliamentary groups (eduskuntaryhmät) which usually vote with non-absolute party discipline.

Parties are composed of local chapters based in municipalities. In municipalities, which are fundamental administrative units in the country, parties hold seats in the municipal councils, but often have to compete for them with local non-party groups (independents).

Finnish law states that a political association which fulfills certain conditions is eligible to become a political party free of charge.^[1] Among these conditions are:

• that the primary purpose of the association is to affect governmental affairs,
• that it has received at least 5,000 votes in any parliamentary, municipal, county, or European Parliament election,
• that the association's rules secure the following of democratic principles in its decision making and activities,
• and that it has a general program based on these rules which expresses the association's principles and goals regarding its actions in governmental affairs.

A registered party may nominate candidates in any national and local elections, and a party that is represented in parliament is entitled to a government subsidy relative to its number of seats. To qualify as a registered party, an association must have bylaws guaranteeing democratic internal organization and must be able to present 5,000 signatures from its supporters who are eligible to vote. A party that fails to win a single seat in two consecutive parliamentary elections is stricken from the register, but may apply again.

Parliamentary parties

Party				Ideology	MPs	MEPs	CCs	Leader	Founded	Ref
		National Coalition Party Kansallinen Kokoomus (Samlingspartiet)	Finnish: Kok Swedish: Saml	Liberal conservatism	48 / 200	4 / 15	1,552 / 8,859	Petteri Orpo	1918	[2][3][4]
		Finns Party Perussuomalaiset (Sannfinländarna)	Finnish: PS Swedish: Sannf	National conservatism Right-wing populism	46 / 200	1 / 15	1,351 / 8,859	Riikka Purra	1995	[2][3][4][5]
		Social Democratic Party Sosialidemokraatit (Socialdemokraterna)	SDP SD	Social democracy	43 / 200	2 / 15	1,451 / 8,859	Antti Lindtman	1899	[2][3][4]
		Centre Party Suomen Keskusta (Centern i Finland)	Finnish: Kesk Swedish: C	Agrarianism (Nordic) Liberalism	22 / 200	2 / 15	2,445 / 8,859	Antti Kaikkonen	1906	[2][3][4][6]
		Green League Vihreä liitto (Gröna förbundet) (Ruoná lihttu) (Ruánáá litto) (Ruânn lett)	Vihr	Green politics Green liberalism	13 / 200	2 / 15	433 / 8,859	Sofia Virta	1987	[2][3][4]
		Left Alliance Vasemmistoliitto (Vänsterförbundet)	Finnish: Vas Swedish: VF	Democratic socialism Eco-socialism	11 / 200	3 / 15	508 / 8,859	Minja Koskela	1990	[2][3][4]
		Swedish People's Party Ruotsalainen kansanpuolue (Svenska folkpartiet)	Swedish: SFP Finnish: RKP R	Liberalism Swedish-speaking minority interests	9 / 200	1 / 15	463 / 8,859	Anders Adlercreutz	1906	[2][3][4][7]
		Christian Democrats Kristillisdemokraatit (Kristdemokraterna)	KD	Christian democracy Social conservatism	5 / 200	0 / 15	311 / 8,859	Sari Essayah	1958	[2][3][4]
		Movement Now Liike Nyt (Rörelse Nu)	Finnish: Liik Swedish: RN	Economic liberalism	1 / 200	0 / 15	49 / 8,859	Harry Harkimo	2018	[8][9][10][11]

Extra-parliamentary parties

Registered

Those parties that have received neither a seat in the Parliament of Finland nor in the European Parliament, but which are registered political parties, are listed below.

Party			Ideology	CCs	Leader	Founded	Ref
	Animal Justice Party Eläinoikeuspuolue (Djurrättspartiet)	EOP	Animal rights	0	Tatu Chanth	2015	[2][3][4]
	Power Belongs to the People Valta kuuluu kansalle	VKK	Finnish ultranationalism Vaccine hesitancy[12][13]	0	Antti Asikainen	2021	[2][4][14]
	Crystal Party Kristallipuolue (Kristall Parti)	Kristall	Spirituality Anti-lockdown	0	Sanna Seesvalo	2013	[2][3][4][15]
	Communist Party of Finland Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue (Finlands Kommunistiska Parti)	SKP	Communism Marxism–Leninism	0	Liisa Taskinen	1994	[2][3][4]
	The Open Party Avoin Puolue	AP	Liberalism Open government	0	Thierry Botty van den Bruele	2020	[2][3][4][16]
	Freedom Alliance Vapauden liitto	VL	Right-wing populism National conservatism	0	Ossi Tiihonen	2022
	Truth Party Totuuspuolue	TP	National conservatism Russophilia	0	Jaana Kavonius	2023	[17][18]
	Liberal Party – Freedom to Choose Liberaalipuolue - Vapaus valita (Liberalpartiet - Frihet att välja)	Lib	Classical liberalism Economic liberalism	0	Lassi Kivinen	2015	[19][2][3][4]

De-registered

The parties listed below have previously held the status of a registered party, but have been de-registered.

Party			Ideology	Leader	Founded	Ref
	Blue-and-Black Movement Sinimusta Liike	SML	Neo-fascism	Tuukka Kuru	2021	[20][21][22][23]
	Kansalaisliitto Kansalaisliitto (Medborgarförbundet)	KaL	Direct democracy Economic democracy	Päivi Järnfors	1994	[19][2][3][4]
	Pirate Party Piraattipuolue (Piratpartiet)	Pir	Pirate politics Social liberalism	Marek Nečada	2008	[19][2][3][4]
	Feminist Party Feministinen puolue (Feministiska partiet)	FP	Feminism	Lauri Alhojärvi	2016	[19][2][3][4]
	Communist Workers' Party Kommunistinen Työväenpuolue (Kommunistiska Arbetarpartiet)	KTP	Communism Marxism–Leninism	Sanni Riihiaho	1988	[2][3][4]
	Change 2011 Muutos 2011 (Förändring 2011)	M11	Direct democracy Populism		2009	[4][24]

Historical parties

Parliamentary historical parties

Party		Founded	Dissolved
	Finnish Party Suomalainen Puolue Finska Partiet	1863	1918
	Young Finnish Party Nuorsuomalainen Puolue Ungfinska Partiet	1894	1918
	Christian Workers' Union of Finland Suomen Kristillisen Työväen Liitto, KTL Kristliga Arbetarförbundet	1906	1922
	People's Party [fi] Kansanpuolue Folkpartiet	1917	1918
	Communist Party of Finland Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue, SKP Finlands Kommunistiska Parti, FKP	1918	1992
	National Progressive Party Kansallinen Edistyspuolue Framstegspartiet	1918	1951
	Liberal Swedish Party Svenska frisinnade partiet Ruotsalainen vapaamielinen puolue	1919	1951
	Patriotic People's Movement Isänmaallinen kansanliike Fosterländska folkrörelsen	1932	1944
	People's Party Kansanpuolue Folkpartiet	1932	1936
	Finnish People's Democratic League Suomen Kansan Demokraattinen Liitto, SKDL Demokratiska Förbundet för Finlands Folk, DFFF	1945	1990
	Liberal League Vapaamielisten liitto De Frisinnades Förbund	1951	1965
	Liberals Liberaalit Liberalerna	1965	2011
	Finnish People's Unity Party Suomen Kansan Yhtenäisyyden Puolue, SKYP Enhetspartiet för Finlands Folk, EFF	1972	1983
	Constitutional Right Party Perustuslaillinen Oikeistopuolue, POP Konstitutionella högerpartiet	1973	1992
	Democratic Alternative Demokraattinen Vaihtoehto, Deva Demokratiskt Alternativ, DA	1986	1990
	Kirjava ”Puolue” – Elonkehän Puolesta Det Eko-Brokiga Partiet	1988	2003
	People's Party of Finland Suomen Kansanpuolue Finska folkpartiet	1951	1965
	Reform Group Remonttiryhmä Reformgruppen	1998	2001
	Finnish Rural Party Suomen Maaseudun Puolue, SMP Finlands landsbygdsparti, FLP	1959	1995
	Small Farmers Party Pienviljelijäin Puolue Småbrukarpartiet	1936	1954
	Small Farmers' Party of Finland Suomen Pienviljelijäin Puolue Småbrukarpartiet	1929	1936
	Socialist Electoral Organisation of Workers and Smallholders Sosialistinen työväen ja pienviljelijöiden vaalijärjestö, STPV Finlands socialistiska arbetarparti	1924	1930
	Socialist Workers' Party of Finland Suomen Sosialistinen Työväenpuolue, SSTP Finlands socialistiska arbetarparti	1920	1923
	Socialist Unity Party Sosialistinen yhtenäisyyspuolue, SYP Socialistiska enhetspartiet	1946	1955
	Social Democratic Union of Workers and Smallholders Työväen ja Pienviljelijöiden Sosialidemokraattinen Liitto, TPSL Arbetarnas och Småbrukarnas Socialdemokratiska Förbund, ASSF	1959	1973
	Young Finns Nuorsuomalaiset Ungfinnarna	1994	1999

Extra-parliamentary historical parties

Election campaign stations for the Pirate Party and Independence Party, Narinkka, Helsinki.

• Swedish party [fi] (Ruotsalainen puolue) 1870–1906
• Liberal party [fi] (Liberaalinen puolue) 1880–1885
• Finnish Active Resistance Party [fi] (Suomen aktiivinen vastustuspuolue) 1904–1908
• National Workers' Party (Kansallinen Työväenpuolue) 1917–?
• Socialist Party of Work [fi] (Sosialistinen Työpuolue) 1917–1919
• Peasant People's Party [fi] (Talonpoikaiskansan puolue) 1924–1933
• Farmers' Party [fi] (Maanviljelijäin Puolue) 1927–1929
• United Front (Yhteisrintama) 193?–1940
• New Finnish Party (Uusi Suomalainen Puolue) 1932–1945
• Finnish Socialist Party (Suomalaissosialistinen Puolue) 1932–1937
• Patriotic People's Party (Isänmaallinen Kansanpuolue) 1932–1933
• Finnish People's Organisation (Suomen Kansan Järjestö) 1933–1936
• Finnish-Socialist Workers' Party (Suomalaissosialistinen Työväen Puolue) 1934–1944
• Finnish Labor Front (Suomen Työrintama) 1936–1939
• Party of Finnish National Work (Suomalais-Kansallisen Työn Puolue) 1939–?
• Finnish National Socialist Labor Organisation (Suomen Kansallissosialistinen Työväenpuolue) 1940–1943
• Neo-Socialist Party (Uus-sosialistinen puolue) 1940–1945
• Organisation of National Socialists (Kansallissosialistien Järjestö) 1940–1944
• National Socialists of Finland (Suomen Kansallissosialistit) 1941–1944
• Radical People's Party (Radikaalinen Kansanpuolue) 1944–1951
• Independent Middle Class [fi] (Itsenäinen keskiluokka) 1949–1951
• Finnish People's Party (Suomalainen kansanpuolue) 1950s
• Independence Party (Itsenäisyyspuolue) 1960s
• Party Organisation of Finnish Entrepreneurs [fi] (Suomen Yksityisyrittäjäin Puoluejärjestö) 1972–1979
• Socialist Workers' Party (Sosialistinen Työväenpuolue) 1973–1990
• Pensioners' Party of Finland [fi] (Suomen Eläkeläisten Puolue) 1985–1999
• Joint Responsibility Party [fi] (Yhteisvastuu puolue) 1987–2007
• Senior Citizens' Party of Finland [fi] (Suomen Senioripuolue) 1990–2014
• Women's Party [fi] (Naisten puolue) 1990–1995
• Party of Humanity [fi] (Ihmisyydenpuolue) 1991–1995
• Finnish People's Blue-whites (Suomen Kansan Sinivalkoiset, SKS) 1993–2010
• Finland - Fatherland [fi] (Suomi - Isänmaa) 1993–2007
• Natural Law Party [fi] (Luonnonlain puolue) 1994–2001
• Workers' Party of Finland (Suomen Työväenpuolue) 1999–2018
• Forces for Change in Finland (Muutosvoimat Suomi) 2002–2007
• For the Poor (Köyhien Asialla) 2002–2015
• Blue and White Front (Sinivalkoinen Rintama) 2009–2015
• Citizens' Party (Finland) (Kansalaispuolue) 2016–2022
• Finnish Reform Movement (Korjausliike) 2017–2023
• Seven Star Movement (Seitsemän tähden liike) 2017–2024
• Finnish People First (Suomen Kansa Ensin) 2018–2023

See also

• Parliament of Finland
• Government of Finland
• President of Finland
• Elections in Finland
• Politics of Finland
• List of political parties in Åland
• List of ruling political parties by country