List of old-growth forests

This is a list of areas of existing old-growth forest which include at least 10 acres (4.0 hectares) of old growth. Ecoregion information from "Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World".^[1]

Redwood trees at Muir Woods National Monument, California

(NB: The terms "old growth" and "virgin" may have various definitions and meanings throughout the world. See old-growth forest for more information.)

Africa

Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Uganda

Country	Area	Old-growth extent	WWF ecoregion	Old-growth forest type
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Salonga National Park		Central Congolian lowland forests
Réunion (France)	Réserve biologique intégrale du Bois des Nèfles	179 hectares (440 acres)	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests
Réunion (France)	Réserve biologique intégrale du Piton de la Fournaise	21,005 hectares (51,900 acres)	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
Réunion (France)	Réserve biologique intégrale du Mazerin	2,491 hectares (6,160 acres)	Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests	Pandanus scrub
Kenya	Kakamega Forest[citation needed]

Asia

Gunung Leuser National Park, Indonesia

Yakushima, Japan

Country	Area	Old-growth extent	WWF ecoregion	Old-growth forest type
Bangladesh and India	Sundarbans		Sundarbans	Mangrove forest
Cambodia	Prey Lang		Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests
Georgia	Kintrishi Protected Landscape		Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests	temperate broadleaf rainforest
Georgia	Lagodekhi Protected Areas		Caucasus mixed forests	temperate broadleaf forest
Georgia	Mtirala National Park		Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests	temperate broadleaf rainforest
India	Dudhatoli Mountains, Uttarakhand	6,000 hectares (15,000 acres)	Western Himalayan broadleaf forests and subalpine conifer forests	temperate broadleaf mixed forests and montane forests biome
Indonesia	Leuser Ecosystem		Sumatran montane rain forests Sumatran lowland rain forests	tropical rainforest tropical montane forest
Indonesia	Lorentz National Park		New Guinea mangroves Southern New Guinea lowland forests New Guinea montane forests
Indonesia	Mamberamo Foja Wildlife Reserve		Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests Northern New Guinea montane rain forests
Iran	Coast along the Caspian Sea and the northern slopes of the Alborz mountains		Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forest[2]	temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome
Japan	Shiretoko National Park		Hokkaido deciduous forests, Hokkaido montane conifer forests[citation needed]	temperate and subalpine mixed forest
Japan	Yakushima Wilderness Area		Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests, Taiheiyo evergreen forests	subtropical and temperate rainforest
Japan	Kasugayama Primeval Forest		Taiheiyo evergreen forests
Malaysia	Belum-Temengor[3]		Peninsular Malaysian rain forests
Malaysia	Danum Valley		Borneo lowland rain forests
Malaysia	Taman Negara		Peninsular Malaysian rain forests
Malaysia	Ulu Muda Forest		Peninsular Malaysian rain forests
Russia	Central Sikhote-Alin		Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests
Russia	Virgin Komi Forests		Urals montane tundra and taiga	Coniferous
Russia	Western Caucasus		Caucasus mixed forests
Taiwan	Yushan National Park		Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests	Taiwania

Australia

See also: Regional Reserve (Australia) and Category:State forests in Australia

Eucalyptus forest in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park

Walpole Wilderness Area

In Australia, the 1992 National Forest Policy Statement (NFPS) made specific provision for the protection of old growth forests. The NFPS initiated a process for undertaking assessments of forests for conservation values, including old growth values. A working group of state and Australian Government agencies took the NFPS definition into consideration in developing a definition that was accepted by all governments (JANIS 1997).^[4]

Old growth forest is ecologically mature forest where the effects of disturbances are now negligible.

— JANIS 1997

In 2008, only a relatively small area (15%) of Australia's forests (mostly tall, wet forests) had been assessed for old-growth values.^[5]

Of the 23 million hectares (57 million acres) of forest in Australia assessed for their old-growth status, 5 million hectares (12 million acres) (22%) is classified as old-growth.^[6] Almost half of Australia's identified old-growth forest is in NSW, mostly on public land.^[5] More than 73% of Australia's identified old-growth forests are in formal or informal nature conservation reserves.^[6]

In 2001, Western Australia became the first state in Australia to cease logging in old-growth forests.^[7]

Country	Area	Old-growth extent	WWF ecoregion	Old-growth forest type
Australia	Walpole Wilderness Area, Western Australia		Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands	Karri, Jarrah, Eucalyptus jacksonii, Eucalyptus guilfoylei
Australia	Barrington Tops National Park, New South Wales		Eastern Australian temperate forests	subtropical and temperate rainforest and eucalypt
Australia	Greater Blue Mountains Area, New South Wales		Eastern Australian temperate forests	eucalypt forest
Australia	Tarkine, Tasmania	2,000 square kilometres (770 sq mi)	Tasmanian temperate rain forests	Temperate rainforest
Australia	Tasmanian Wilderness		Tasmanian temperate rain forests	temperate rainforest and eucalypt forest
Australia	Goolengook, East Gippsland, Victoria	Over 20 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi)	Eastern Australian temperate forests	rare warm temperate/cool temperate "Overlap Rainforest"
Australia	Blue Tier, Tasmania	100 hectares (250 acres)[8]	Tasmanian temperate rain forests	myrtle canopy, unusually diverse understorey for temperate rainforest (celery top pine, waratah, sassafras, tree fern), threatened Simson's Stag Beetle.
Australia	Styx Forest, Tasmania		Tasmanian temperate rain forests
Australia	Weld, Tasmania		Tasmanian temperate rain forests
Australia	Upper Florentine Valley, Tasmania		Tasmanian temperate rain forests
Australia	Badja State Forest, New South Wales[9]		Eastern Australian temperate forests	Wet old-growth with sweeping tree-fern understoreys. 10+ threatened species (including squirrel glider and golden-tipped bat)
Australia	Dampier State Forest, New South Wales[9]		Eastern Australian temperate forests	Wet old-growth. Most extensive rainforests in the South Coast.
Australia	Wandella / Peak Alone, New South Wales[9]		Eastern Australian temperate forests	High old-growth and threatened species values. Important catchment value.
Australia	Monga State Forest / Buckenbowra, New South Wales[9]		Eastern Australian temperate forests	Pristine Buckenbowra River, including an area on the northern side of the river with a golden-tipped bat record. Also an area around McGregors Creek, nominated for wilderness, and important for old-growth and to increase the viability of the connection / link between Buckenbowra and Deua National Park.
Australia	Dampier, New South Wales[9]		Eastern Australian temperate forests	Upper Deua River (Identified Wilderness) and Big Belimba Creek catchment and contains extensive old-growth forests. Big Belimba Creek contains giant wet old-growth forest and extensive tree-fern forests.
Australia	Tallaganda State Forest, New South Wales[9]		Eastern Australian temperate forests	Tall wet old-growth forest.
Australia	Gondwana Rainforests of Australia	50 separate reserves totaling 366,500 hectares (906,000 acres)	Subtropical rainforest	The most extensive area of subtropical rainforest in the world. Extremely high conservation value; over 200 rare or threatened plant and animal species.

The term "old-growth forests" is rarely used in New Zealand, instead, "The Bush" is used to refer to native forests. There are large contiguous areas of forest cover that are protected areas.

See also: Deforestation in New Zealand

Europe

Biogradska Gora, Montenegro

Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians

Country	Area	Old-growth extent	WWF ecoregion	Old-growth forest type
Azerbaijan	Lankaran lowland and Talysh mountains		Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forest	temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome
Belarus, Poland	Białowieża Forest	308,580 hectares (762,500 acres)	Central European mixed forests[citation needed]
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Perućica	1,434 hectares (3,540 acres)	Dinaric Mountains mixed forests
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Ravna Vala	45.04 hectares (111.3 acres)	Dinaric Mountains mixed forests
Bulgaria[10]	Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of Europe in the Central Balkan National Park	1,098,891 hectares (2,715,420 acres)	Rodope montane mixed forests	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome
Bulgaria[10]	Bayuvi Dupki–Dzhindzhiritsa (temperate coniferous forest), Pirin National Park	2,873 hectares (7,100 acres)	Rodope montane mixed forests	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome
Bulgaria[10]	Mantaritza Biosphere Reserve forests	1,320 hectares (3,300 acres)	Rodope montane mixed forests	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome
Bulgaria[10]	Parangalitsa Reserve forests, Rila National Park	1,509 hectares (3,730 acres)	Rodope montane mixed forests	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome
Bulgaria[10]	Uzunbodzhak Reserve temperate rainforest, Strandzha Nature Park, Strandzha Mountain	2,529.6 hectares (6,251 acres)	Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome (Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests)
Czech Republic	Boubin Primeval Forest	685.9 hectares (1,695 acres)
Estonia	Järvselja Nature Reserve	184 hectares (450 acres)	Scandinavian and Russian taiga	Variety of succession stages between carrs and Scots pine dominated taiga
Finland	Pyhä-Häkki National Park		Scandinavian and Russian taiga	Scots pine and Norway spruce
France	Réserve Biologique Intégrale d'Assan	1,032 hectares (2,550 acres)	Temperate coniferous forest	Pinus sylvestris, Abies alba, Larix decidua, Juniperus thurifera and Pinus uncinata
France	Réserve Biologique Intégrale de Chaux	148 hectares (370 acres)	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest	Abies alba, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica
France	Réserve Biologique Intégrale de la Glacière	28 hectares (69 acres)	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest	Abies alba, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica
France	Réserve Biologique Intégrale de la Sainte-Baume	138 hectares (340 acres)	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest	Fagus sylvatica, Quercus pubescens, Taxus baccata, Ilex aquifolium, Tilia cordata, maple and Quercus ilex
France	Réserve Biologique Intégrale de la Sylve d’Argenson	2,579 hectares (6,370 acres)	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest	Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea and Quercus robur
France	Réserve Biologique Intégrale de Saint-Pé-de-Bigorre	1,010 hectares (2,500 acres)	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest	Fagus sylvatica, Tilia cordata and Maple
France	Réserve Biologique Intégrale des Maures	2,531 hectares (6,250 acres)	Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub	Quercus ilex, Quercus suber, Castanea sativa and Pinus pinaster
France	Réserve Biologique Intégrale du Mont Ventoux	906 hectares (2,240 acres)	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest	Pinus uncinata, Pinus nigra, Pinus sylvestris, Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba
France	Réserve Biologique Intégrale du Défilé de Straiture	124 hectares (310 acres)	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest	Abies alba, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica
France	Réserve Biologique Intégrale d'Oléron - Saint-Trojan	158 hectares (390 acres)	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest	Quercus ilex, Quercus petraea and Pinus pinaster
France	Réserve Biologique Intégrale du Bois du Ruère	64 hectares (160 acres)	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest	Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Carpinus betulus, Tilia cordata and Maple
France	Réserve Biologique Intégrale du Vercors	2,160 hectares (5,300 acres)	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest	Abies alba, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica
Croatia	Klepina Duliba Old Growth forest	118 hectares (290 acres)	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest	Abies alba,Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica
Italy	Valle Cervara	50 hectares (120 acres)	Oldest beech forest in Europe[11]	temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome. Fagus sylvatica Taxus. /lex, several Betulaceae (Carpinus spp., Ostrya. Corylus, Alnus cordata in some areas, Betula), Ulmus spp. (surtout U glabra), Fraxinus ornus (more rarely F excelsior) and Acer (A. opalus s.l., A. pseudoplatanus, A. platanoides, A. /obelii)
Montenegro	Biogradska Gora		Dinaric Mountains mixed forests	temperate broadleaf and mixed forest
Montenegro	Crna Poda		Dinaric Mountains mixed forests	Coniferous
Norway	Trillemarka		Scandinavian and Russian taiga
Norway	Stabbursdalen National Park		Scandinavian and Russian taiga
Norway	Øvre Dividal National Park		Scandinavian and Russian taiga, Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands
Romania	Retezat National Park		Carpathian montane conifer forests
Serbia	Vinatovača	37 hectares (91 acres)	Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest	Fagus sylvatica
Slovakia	Stužica	761.5 hectares (1,882 acres)	Pannonian mixed forests	European Beech
Ukraine	Carpathian Biosphere Reserve	57,880 hectares (143,000 acres)	Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
United Kingdom	Forest of Dean			mixed woodland
United Kingdom	Puzzlewood

North America

Canada

Carmanah Walbran Provincial Park, British Columbia

Province	Area	Old-growth extent	WWF ecoregion	Old-growth forest type
British Columbia	Carmanah Walbran Provincial Park	164 square kilometres (41,000 acres)	Central Pacific coastal forests	coniferous temperate rainforest
British Columbia	Clayoquot Sound	265,000 hectares (650,000 acres)	Central Pacific coastal forests	coniferous temperate rainforest
British Columbia	Great Bear Rainforest	16,000 square kilometres (4,000,000 acres)	British Columbia mainland coastal forests	coniferous temperate rainforest
Nova Scotia	North River Wilderness Area[12]		New England-Acadian forests	Eastern Hemlock
Nova Scotia	Panuke Lake Nature Reserve[12]	47 hectares (120 acres)	New England-Acadian forests	Eastern Hemlock, Red Spruce
Nova Scotia	Shelburne Heritage River[12]		New England-Acadian forests	Eastern Hemlock, pine
Nova Scotia	Pollett's Cove[12]		Eastern Canadian forests, New England-Acadian forests	boreal
Nova Scotia	French River Wilderness Area[12]		New England-Acadian forests	Eastern Hemlock
Nova Scotia	Trout Brook Wilderness Area[12]			deciduous
Nova Scotia	Tobeatic Wilderness Area[12]		New England-Acadian forests	Eastern Hemlock, pine
Nova Scotia	Portapique River Wilderness Area[12]		New England-Acadian forests	Eastern Hemlock, Red Spruce
Nova Scotia	Waverley–Salmon River Long Lake Wilderness Area[12]		New England-Acadian forests	Eastern Hemlock, Red Pine, Eastern White Pine
Nova Scotia	Boggy Lake Wilderness Area[12]		New England-Acadian forests	Sugar Maple, Yellow Birch, American Beech
Nova Scotia	Great Barren & Quinan Lakes Nature Reserve[12]		New England-Acadian forests	Eastern Hemlock, Red Spruce
Nova Scotia	MacFarlane Woods Nature Reserve[12]		New England-Acadian forests	Sugar Maple, Yellow Birch, American Beech
Nova Scotia	Bornish Hill Nature Reserve[12]		New England-Acadian forests	hardwood
Nova Scotia	Sporting Lake Nature Reserve[12]	25 hectares (62 acres)	New England-Acadian forests	Eastern Hemlock, White Pine, Red Spruce
Ontario	Gillies Grove, Arnprior	18 hectares (44 acres)	Eastern Great Lakes lowland forests
Ontario	Obabika Old-Growth Forest	2,400 hectares (5,900 acres)	Eastern forest-boreal transition
Ontario	Quetico Provincial Park	1,500 square kilometres (370,000 acres)	Western Great Lakes forests
Ontario	White Bear Forest		Eastern forest-boreal transition
Ontario	Wolf Lake Forest Reserve	336 hectares (830 acres)	Eastern forest-boreal transition	red pine
Quebec	Bois Beckett Forest,[13] Sherbrooke	6 ha (15 acres)	New England-Acadian forests	hemlock, beech
Quebec	Papineau Woods, Laval,[14]	100 ha (250 acres)

United States

See also: List of old growth forests in Massachusetts

Tongass National Forest, Alaska

Arborist and Coast Redwood, Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, California

Belden Forest, Simsbury, Connecticut

Cathedral Pines Preserve, Cornwall, Connecticut

William Cullen Bryant Homestead, Cummington, Massachusetts

Porcupine Mountains, Michigan

Rock Creek Wilderness, Oregon

Snyder Middleswarth Natural Area, Pennsylvania

Linville Gorge Wilderness in the Pisgah National Forest, North Carolina

Congaree National Park, South Carolina

Olympic National Park, Washington

State	Area	Old-growth extent	WWF ecoregion	Old-growth forest type
Alabama	Sipsey Wilderness[15]		Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests	Eastern Hemlock, American Beech, Sweet Birch, White Oak, Tulip Poplar[15]
Alaska	Tongass National Forest[16]	5,400,000 acres (2,200,000 ha)	Northern Pacific coastal forests, Pacific Coastal Mountain icefields and tundra	Western Red Cedar, Sitka Spruce, Western Hemlock
Arkansas	White River National Wildlife Refuge[15]	973 acres (394 ha)[15]	Mississippi lowland forests	American Sweetgum, Nuttall's Oak, Willow Oak, Sugarberry, American Elm, Green Ash, American Sycamore, Pecan, American Elm, Baldcypress[15]
Arkansas	Ouachita National Forest[15]	800,000 acres (320,000 ha)[15]		Post Oak, Shortleaf Pine, Hickory, Northern Red Oak, White Oak, Blackjack Oak, Eastern Redcedar, Gum Bumelia, Winged Elm, Yaupon[15]
Arkansas	Ozark-St. Francis National Forest[17]	11,000 acres (4,500 ha)[17]		Shortleaf Pine, Post Oak, Blackjack Oak, Eastern Black Oak, White Oak, Northern Red Oak[17]
Arkansas	Hot Springs National Park[15]	320 acres (130 ha)[15]		Shortleaf Pine, Blackjack Oak, White Oak[15]
Arkansas	Overflow National Wildlife Refuge[15]	230 acres (93 ha)[15]		American Beech, Sugar Maple[15]
California	Yosemite National Park[18]	225,510 acres (91,260 ha)[18]	Sierra Nevada forests	Giant Sequoia, Ponderosa Pine, Jeffrey Pine, Sugar Pine, White Fir, California Incense Cedar, Coast Douglas-fir, Red Fir, Western White Pine, Lodgepole Pine, Foxtail Pine
California	Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Park[18]	202,430 acres (81,920 ha)[18]	Sierra Nevada forests	Giant Sequoia, Ponderosa Pine, Jeffrey Pine, Sugar Pine, White Fir, Red Fir, California Incense Cedar
California	Lassen Volcanic National Park[18]	27,130 acres (10,980 ha)	Sierra Nevada forests	Ponderosa Pine, Jeffrey Pine, Sugar Pine, White Fir, Red Fir, Western White Pine, Mountain Hemlock, Lodgepole Pine, Whitebark Pine
California	Redwood National and State Parks[19]	38,982 acres (15,775 ha) or more[19]	Northern California coastal forests	Coast Redwood
California	Humboldt Redwoods State Park[18]	23,600 acres (9,600 ha)[18]	Northern California coastal forests	Coast Redwood
California	Muir Woods National Monument[18]	240 acres (97 ha)[18]	California interior chaparral and woodlands	Coast Redwood
California	Samuel P. Taylor State Park[18]	600 acres (240 ha)	California interior chaparral and woodlands	Coast Redwood
California	Big Basin Redwoods State Park[18]	10,800 acres (4,400 ha)[18]	Northern California coastal forests	Coast Redwood
California	Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park[18]	200 acres (81 ha)[18]	Northern California coastal forests	Coast Redwood, Coast Douglas-fir, Pacific Madrone, Ponderosa Pine
California	Headwaters Forest Reserve[20]	3,088 acres (1,250 ha)[20]	Northern California coastal forests	Coast Redwood
California	Blue oak woodlands[21]	500,000–2,300,000 acres (200,000–930,000 ha)[21]	California interior chaparral and woodlands	Blue Oak
California	Angeles National Forest[22]	29,000 acres (12,000 ha)[22]	California montane chaparral and woodlands	Jeffrey Pine, Bigcone Douglas-fir, Ponderosa Pine, White Fir, Lodgepole Pine[22]
California	Eldorado National Forest[22]	122,000 acres (49,000 ha)[22]	Sierra Nevada forests	Coast Douglas-fir, Ponderosa Pine, White Fir, Lodgepole Pine, Red Fir[22]
California	Inyo National Forest[22]	238,000 acres (96,000 ha)[22]	Sierra Nevada forests – Great Basin montane forests	Lodgepole Pine, Jeffrey Pine, Great Basin Bristlecone Pine[22]
California	Klamath National Forest[22]	168,000 acres (68,000 ha)[22]	Klamath-Siskiyou forests	Ponderosa Pine, Jeffrey Pine, Coast Douglas-fir, Red Fir, White Fir, California Incense Cedar[22]
California	Lassen National Forest[22]	92,000 acres (37,000 ha)[22]		Coast Douglas-fir, Ponderosa Pine, White Fir, Jeffrey Pine, Red Fir, Lodgepole Pine[22]
California	Los Padres National Forest[22]	18,900 acres (7,600 ha)[22]		Jeffrey Pine, Coast Redwood, Coast Douglas-fir, White Fir[22]
California	Mendocino National Forest[22]	60,000 acres (24,000 ha)[22]		Coast Douglas-fir, Ponderosa Pine, White Fir, Tanoak, Pacific madrone[22]
California	Modoc National Forest[22]	43,400 acres (17,600 ha)[22]		Lodgepole Pine, Ponderosa Pine, White Fir, California Incense Cedar, Red Fir[22]
California	Pfeiffer Big Sur State Park[23]	1,006 acres (407 ha)[24][circular reference]		Redwood[23]
California	Plumas National Forest[22]	127,000 acres (51,000 ha)[22]		Coast Douglas-fir, Ponderosa Pine, White Fir, Jeffrey Pine, Red Fir[22]
California	San Bernardino National Forest[22]	87,400 acres (35,400 ha)[22]		Bigcone Douglas-fir, Ponderosa Pine, White Fir, Jeffrey Pine, Lodgepole Pine[22]
California	Sequoia National Forest[22]	196,000 acres (79,000 ha)[22]		Giant Sequoia, Jeffrey Pine, Red Fir, Coast Douglas-fir, Ponderosa Pine, White Fir, Lodgepole Pine[22]
California	Shasta-Trinity National Forest[22]	230,000 acres (93,000 ha)[22]		Coast Douglas-fir, Tanoak, Pacific madrone, Red Fir, White Fir, Jeffrey Pine[22]
California	Sierra National Forest[22]	383,000 acres (155,000 ha)[22]		Lodgepole Pine, Red Fir[22]
California	Six Rivers National Forest[22]	137,000 acres (55,000 ha)[22]		Coast Douglas-fir, Tanoak, Pacific madrone, White Fir[22]
California	Stanislaus National Forest[22]	139,000 acres (56,000 ha)[22]		Lodgepole Pine, Jeffrey Pine, White Fir[22]
California	Tahoe National Forest[22]	84,000 acres (34,000 ha)[22]		Coast Douglas-fir, Ponderosa Pine, White Fir, Sugar Pine, California Incense Cedar, California Black Oak, Lodgepole Pine, Red Fir[22]
Colorado	Arapaho National Forest[25]	2,590 hectares (6,400 acres)[25]		Subalpine Fir, Engelmann Spruce[25]
Connecticut	Cathedral Pines, Cornwall[15]	42 acres (17 ha)[15]		White Pine, Hemlock[15]
Connecticut	Sages Ravine, Salisbury[15]	100 acres (40 ha)[15]		Hemlock, Oak[15]
Connecticut	Great Mountain Forest, Norfolk—North Forty Tract[15]	40 acres (16 ha)[15]		Hemlock, Hardwoods, White Pine[15]
Connecticut	Great Mountain Forest, Norfolk—Bigelow Pond Site[15]	5 acres (2.0 ha)[15]		Hemlock[15]
Connecticut	Mount Riga Incorporated, Salisbury[15]	8 acres (3.2 ha)[15]		White Pine, Eastern Hemlock, Yellow Birch, American Beech[15]
Connecticut	Bear Mountain, Salisbury[15]	5 acres (2.0 ha)[15]		Sweet Birch, Pitch Pine[15]
Connecticut	Belden Forest, Simsbury[26]	40 acres (16 ha)[26]		Eastern White Pine[27]
Florida	Eglin Air Force Base[15]	6,795 acres (2,750 ha)[15]		longleaf pine[15]
Florida	Apalachicola National Forest[15]		Southeastern conifer forests	Pondcypress, Slash Pine[15]
Florida	Big Cypress National Preserve[15]	23,000 acres (9,300 ha)[15]	South Florida rocklands, Everglades	slash pine[15]
Florida	Big Cypress National Preserve[15]	158,000 acres (64,000 ha)[15]	South Florida rocklands, Everglades	pondcypress[15]
Florida	Tosohatchee Wildlife Management Area[15]	1,000 acres (400 ha)		Floodplain swamp
Florida	Tosohatchee Wildlife Management Area[15]	40 acres (16 ha)		Mesic flatwoods
Florida	Tosohatchee Wildlife Management Area[15]	Unknown, up to 1000 acres		Hydric hammock
Georgia	Chattahoochee National Forest[28]	346 acres (140 ha)[28]	Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests	River floodplain hardwood, Dry-mesic oak forest, Seasonally wet oak-hardwood woodland[28]
Georgia	Fernbank Forest	65 acres (26 ha)	Piedmont Hardwood Forest	Tulip Poplar – Oak – Hickory[citation needed]
Georgia	Big Trees Forest Preserve	30 acres (12 ha)	Piedmont Hardwood Forest	oak-hickory-pine forest[29][full citation needed]
Illinois	Shawnee National Forest[15]	2,800 acres (1,100 ha)[15]		post oak – blackjack oak[15]
Illinois	Cache River State Natural Area[15]	1,600 acres (650 ha)[15]	Central U.S. hardwood forests
Illinois	Cypress Creek National Wildlife Refuge[15]	500 acres (200 ha)[15]	Central U.S. hardwood forests
Illinois	Beall Woods State Park[15]	329 acres (133 ha)[15]	Central U.S. hardwood forests
Indiana	Hoosier National Forest[15]	390 acres (160 ha)[15]	Central U.S. hardwood forests	Post Oak[15]
Indiana	Douglas Woods[30]	400 acres (160 ha)[30]	Southern Great Lakes forests	Silver Maple, Oak, Hickory[30]
Indiana	Wesselman Woods	200 acres (81 ha)	Central U.S. hardwood forests	Sugar Maple, Tulip Tree, Oak
Indiana	Pioneer Mothers Memorial Forest[31]	88 acres (36 ha)[31]	Central U.S. hardwood forests	Oak
Indiana	Ginn Woods[32]	161 acres (65 ha)[32]	Southern Great Lakes forests
Indiana	Meltzer Woods[33]	48 acres (19 ha)[32]	Southern Great Lakes forests	Bur oak, Black ash, Swamp white oak, Beech, Maples
Indiana	Bicentennial Woods[34]	79 acres (32 ha)[34]	Southern Great Lakes forests	Oaks, Maples, Sycamores, Sassafras, Slippery elm and Flowering dogwood
Kansas	Fort Leavenworth[15]	1,000 acres (400 ha)[15]	Central forest-grasslands transition	Eastern floodplain[15]
Kentucky	Blanton Forest[15]	2,239 acres (906 ha)[15]
Kentucky	Lilley Cornett Woods[15]	252 acres (102 ha)[15]
Maine	Baxter State Park[15]	23,094 acres (9,346 ha)[15]		Balsam Fir[15]
Maine	Mahoosuc Mountains Ecological Reserve[15]	2,444 acres (989 ha)[15]		Balsam Fir[15]
Maine	Bigelow Mountain Ecological Reserve[15]	3,100 acres (1,300 ha)[15]		Balsam Fir[15]
Maine	Big Reed Forest Preserve[15]	5,000 acres (2,000 ha) or less		northern hardwoods, spruce-fir, rich woods, and cedar swamps
Maryland	Belt Woods[15]	43 acres (17 ha)[15]		white oak – tulip poplar[15]
Maryland	Swallow Falls State Park ("Hemlock Grove")[35]	39 acres (16 ha)[35]	Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests	eastern hemlock – white pine[35]
Maryland	Potomac-Garrett State Forest ("Crabtree Woods")[36]	500 acres (200 ha)[36]	Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests	sugar maple – red oak – basswood – cucumber tree[36]
Massachusetts	Mohawk Trail State Forest[15]	612 acres (248 ha)[15]	New England-Acadian forests	northern hardwood[15]
Massachusetts	Ice Glen		New England-Acadian forests	northern hardwood[37]
Massachusetts	Monroe State Forest[15]	273 acres (110 ha)[15]	New England-Acadian forests	northern hardwood[15]
Massachusetts	Mount Everett State Reservation[15]	530 acres (210 ha)[15]	New England-Acadian forests	northern hardwood[15]
Massachusetts	Mount Greylock[15]	555 acres (225 ha)[15]	New England-Acadian forests	northern hardwood[15]
Massachusetts	Mount Wachusett[15]	220 acres (89 ha)[15]	New England-Acadian forests	northern hardwood[15]
Massachusetts	Mount Washington State Forest[15]	300 acres (120 ha)[15]	New England-Acadian forests	northern hardwood[15]
Massachusetts	William Cullen Bryant Homestead[38][39]	109 acres (44 ha)	New England-Acadian forests	Eastern White Pine, Black Cherry, Sugar Maple
Michigan	Hartwick Pines State Park[15]	49 acres (20 ha)[40]	Western Great Lakes forests	Eastern White Pine, Red Pine, Eastern Hemlock, Beech, Sugar Maple[15]
Michigan	Porcupine Mountains[15]	31,000 acres (13,000 ha)[15]	Western Great Lakes forests	northern hardwood[15]
Michigan	Sylvania Wilderness[15]	15,000 acres (6,100 ha)[15]	Western Great Lakes forests	northern hardwood[15]
Michigan	Warren Woods	200 acres (81 ha)	Southern Great Lakes forests	Beech-Maple forest
Minnesota	Boundary Waters[15]	401,000 acres (162,000 ha)[15]	Western Great Lakes forests	white pine, red pine, fir/birch, jack pine – black spruce, maple, aspen[15]
Minnesota	Keeley Creek Natural Area[15]	900 acres (360 ha)[15]	Western Great Lakes forests	bog and upland[15]
Minnesota	Itasca State Park[15]	4,094 acres (1,657 ha)[15]	Western Great Lakes forests	Eastern White Pine, Red Pine[15]
Missouri	Mark Twain National Forest[15]	30,000 acres (12,000 ha) or less[15]	Central U.S. hardwood forests	Post Oak and Chinkapin Oak savanna and flatwoods[15]
Missouri	Caney Mountain[15]	4,000 acres (1,600 ha) or more[15]	Central U.S. hardwood forests	post oak savanna[15]
New Hampshire	Great Gulf[15]			New England-Acadian forests
New Hampshire	Crawford Notch[15]			New England-Acadian forests
New Hampshire	The Bowl Research Natural Area[41]	510 acres (210 ha)	New England-Acadian forests	Red Spruce, Balsam fir, Beech, Yellow birch, Sugar maple, Paper birch
New Hampshire	Hemenway State Forest[42]	135 acres (55 ha)[42]	New England-Acadian forests	Eastern White Pine[42]
New Hampshire	The Bowl Research Natural Area[41]	510 acres (210 ha)	New England-Acadian forests	Red Spruce, Balsam fir, Beech, Yellow birch, Sugar maple, Paper birch
New Jersey	Saddler's Woods[15]	25 acres (10 ha)[15]	Northeastern coastal forests	Eastern Black Oak, White Oak, Northern Red Oak, American Beech, Tulip Poplar, Red Maple[15]
New Jersey	Bear Swamp[15]	215 acres (87 ha)[15]	Atlantic coastal pine barrens	Black Gum, American Sweetgum, Red Maple, Sweetbay Magnolia, American Beech, Swamp White Oak, American Holly[15]
New Jersey	William L. Hutcheson Memorial Forest[15]	65 acres (26 ha)[15]	Northeastern coastal forests	White Oak, Eastern Black Oak, Northern Red Oak[15]
New Jersey	Tillman Ravine[15]	25 acres (10 ha)[15]	Allegheny Highlands forests	Eastern Hemlock[15]
New Jersey	Clayton Park[43]	78 acres (32 ha)[44]	Northeastern coastal forests	American Beech,White Oak, Northern Red Oak, Gray birch[43]
New York	Catskill Mountains[15]	60,000 acres (24,000 ha) or more[15]	Allegheny Highlands forests
New York	Adirondack Mountains[15]	150,000 acres (61,000 ha) or more[15]	Eastern forest-boreal transition
New York	Thain Family Forest[15]	50 acres (20 ha) or more[15]	Northern hardwood forest
New York	Mianus River Gorge Preserve[45][46]	60 - 100 acres (24 - 40.5 ha)[47][45]	Appalachian hemlock–northern hardwood forest	Eastern hemlock-beech forest
North Carolina	Great Smoky Mountains[15]	187,000 acres (76,000 ha)[15]	Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests
North Carolina	Nantahala National Forest[15]	30,800 acres (12,500 ha)[15]	Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests
North Carolina	Pisgah National Forest[15]	46,600 acres (18,900 ha)[15]	Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests
North Carolina	Croatan National Forest[15]	10,000 acres (4,000 ha)[15]	Middle Atlantic coastal forests	pocosin
Ohio	Goll Woods State Nature Preserve[15]	140 acres (57 ha)[15]	Southern Great Lakes forests
Ohio	Fowler Woods State Nature Preserve[15]	50 acres (20 ha)[15]	Southern Great Lakes forests
Ohio	Crall Woods National Natural Landmark[15]	40 acres (16 ha)[15]	Southern Great Lakes forests
Ohio	Dysart Woods[15]	57 acres (23 ha)[15]	Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests
Ohio	Hawk Woods in Riddle State Nature Preserve	106 acres (43 ha)	Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests[citation needed]
Ohio	Morgan Sisters Woods in Wayne National Forest[15]	200 acres (81 ha)[15]	Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests
Ohio	California Woods Nature Preserve[15]	40 acres (16 ha)[15]	Southern Great Lakes forests, Central U.S. hardwood forests
Ohio	Caldwell Park (Cincinnati)[15]	122 acres (49 ha) or less[15]	Southern Great Lakes forests, Central U.S. hardwood forests
Ohio	Hueston Woods State Nature Preserve[15]	165–200 acres (67–81 ha)[15]	Southern Great Lakes forests
Ohio	Davey Woods State Nature Preserve[15]	15–40 acres (6.1–16.2 ha)[15]	Southern Great Lakes forests
Ohio	Gross (Samuel) Memorial Woods State Nature Preserve[15]	49 acres (20 ha)[15]	Southern Great Lakes forests
Ohio	Johnson Woods State Nature Preserve[15]	206 acres (83 ha)[15]	Southern Great Lakes forests
Oklahoma	Keystone Ancient Forest Preserve[15]	1,300 acres (530 ha)[15]	Central forest-grasslands transition zone	Post Oak, Blackjack Oak, Eastern Redcedar[15]
Oregon	Crater Lake National Park[18]	50,000 acres (20,000 ha)[18]
Oregon	Deschutes National Forest[18]	348,100 acres (140,900 ha)[18]
Oregon	Malheur National Forest[18]	312,000 acres (126,000 ha)[18]
Oregon	Mount Hood National Forest[18]	345,300 acres (139,700 ha)[18]		Coast Douglas-fir, Western Hemlock, Western Red Cedar
Oregon	Ochoco National Forest[18]	95,000 acres (38,000 ha)[18]
Oregon	Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest[18]	345,300 acres (139,700 ha)[18]	Klamath-Siskiyou forests	Coast Douglas-fir, Port Orford Cedar, Ponderosa Pine, Sugar Pine, Coast Douglas-fir, California Incense Cedar, White Fir, Red Fir, Mountain Hemlock
Oregon	Siuslaw National Forest[18]	33,800 acres (13,700 ha) (1993 estimate)[18]	Central Pacific coastal forests
Oregon	Umatilla National Forest[18]	190,741 acres (77,190 ha) (1993 estimate)[18]
Oregon	Umpqua National Forest[18]	535,300 acres (216,600 ha) (1993 estimate)[18]		Mountain Hemlock, Ponderosa Pine
Oregon	Wallowa-Whitman National Forest[18]	173,000 acres (70,000 ha) (1993 estimate)[18]
Oregon	Willamette National Forest[18]	594,800 acres (240,700 ha)[18]		Coast Douglas-fir, Western Hemlock, Western Red Cedar, Bigleaf Maple
Oregon	Winema National Forest[18]	711,674 acres (288,004 ha)[18]
Oregon	Fremont National Forest[18]	549,800 acres (222,500 ha)[18]
Oregon	Emigrant Springs State Heritage Area		Blue Mountains forests
Pennsylvania	Cook Forest State Park[15]	1,500–2,000 acres (610–810 ha)[15]	Allegheny Highlands forests	Eastern White Pine, Eastern Hemlock, Northern Red Oak, White Oak, Black Cherry, Red Maple, Sugar Maple, American Beech, White Ash, Yellow Birch, Black Birch, Cucumber Magnolia[15]
Pennsylvania	Alan Seeger Natural Area[48]	390 acres (160 ha)	Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests	Eastern White Pine, Eastern Hemlock
Pennsylvania	Bear Meadows Natural Area[15]	320 acres (130 ha)[15]	Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests	Black Spruce, Balsam Fir bog[15]
Pennsylvania	Detweiler Run Natural Area[15]	185 acres (75 ha)[15]	Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests	Eastern White Pine, Eastern Hemlock[15]
Pennsylvania	Thickhead Mountain Wild Area[15]	50 acres (20 ha)[15]	Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests	Chestnut Oak[15]
Pennsylvania	Woodbourne Forest and Wildlife Preserve[15]	120 acres (49 ha)[15]	Allegheny Highlands forests	Eastern Hemlock, Sweet Birch, Sugar Maple, Northern Red Oak, White Ash, American Beech[15]
Pennsylvania	Holtwood Environmental Preserve[15]	200 acres (81 ha)[15]	Northeastern coastal forests	Chestnut Oak, Eastern Hemlock, Umbrella Magnolia[15]
Pennsylvania	Anders Run Natural Area[15]	50 acres (20 ha)[15]	Allegheny Highlands forests	Eastern White Pine, Eastern Hemlock, Cucumber Magnolia, American Beech, American Hornbeam, Black Cherry, oak[15]
Pennsylvania	Sweet Root Natural Area[15]	64 acres (26 ha)[15]	Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests	Eastern Hemlock, Sweet Birch, Eastern White Pine, American Basswood, White Oak, Red Oak[15]
Pennsylvania	Hearts Content Recreation Area[15]	122 acres (49 ha)[15]	Allegheny Highlands forests	Eastern White Pine, Eastern Hemlock, American Beech[15]
Pennsylvania	Tionesta Scenic and Research Natural Areas[15]	4,000 acres (1,600 ha)[15]	Allegheny Highlands forests	Eastern Hemlock, American Beech, Sugar Maple[15]
Pennsylvania	Allegheny Islands Wilderness[15]	156 acres (63 ha)[15]	Allegheny Highlands forests	Silver Maple, Sugar Maple, American Sycamore, Slippery Elm[15]
Pennsylvania	Bark Cabin Natural Area[15]	73 acres (30 ha)[15]	Allegheny Highlands forests	Eastern Hemlock, Northern Red Oak, White Ash, Bigtooth Aspen, Hickories[15]
Pennsylvania	Johnson Run Natural Area[15]	26–50 acres (11–20 ha)[15]	Allegheny Highlands forests	Eastern Hemlock, Eastern White Pine[15]
Pennsylvania	Forrest H. Duttlinger Natural Area[15]	158 acres (64 ha)[15]	Allegheny Highlands forests	Eastern Hemlock, American Beech, Black Cherry, Sugar Maple[15]
Pennsylvania	Pinchot State Forest, Montage Mountain[15]	1,200 acres (490 ha)[15]	Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests	Eastern Hemlock, American Beech, Black Cherry, Yellow Birch, Red Oak, White Oak, Chestnut Oak, Ash, Tulip Poplar, Red Maple[15]
Pennsylvania	Snyder Middleswarth Natural Area[15]	250 acres (100 ha)[15]	Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests	Eastern Hemlock, Eastern White Pine, Pitch Pine[15]
Pennsylvania	Hemlocks Natural Area[15]	120 acres (49 ha)[15]	Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests	Eastern Hemlock[15]
Pennsylvania	Ricketts Glen State Park[15]	2,000 acres (810 ha)[15]	Allegheny Highlands forests	Northern Hardwood Forest[15]
Pennsylvania	Peck Natural Area in Lake Winola[15]	10–20 acres (4.0–8.1 ha)[15]	Allegheny Highlands forests	Northern Hardwood Forest, Eastern White Pine, American Beech[15]
Rhode Island	Great Swamp Wildlife Management Area[15]	3,000 acres (1,200 ha)[15]	Northeastern coastal forests	Red Maple, Atlantic White Cedar, Black Gum[15]
Rhode Island	Lawton's Valley Forest[49]		Northeastern coastal forests	Sugar Maple, White Ash, American Beech, Yellow Birch, Northern Red Oak[49]
Rhode Island	Oakland Forest[15]	20 acres (8.1 ha)[15]	Northeastern coastal forests	American Beech, White Oak, Red Maple, Scarlet Oak[15]
Rhode Island	Pawcatuck River floodplain forest[15]	250 acres (100 ha)[15]	Northeastern coastal forests	Red Maple floodplain[15]
South Carolina	Congaree National Park[15]	11,000 acres (4,500 ha)[15]	Middle Atlantic coastal forests	bottomland hardwood forest[15]
South Carolina	Francis Beidler Forest[15]	1,700 acres (690 ha)[15]	Middle Atlantic coastal forests	mixed hardwoods and cypress-tupelo swamp[15]
South Carolina	Ellicott Rock Wilderness[15]	1,000 acres (400 ha) or more[15]	Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests
Tennessee	Great Smoky Mountains[15]	187,000 acres (76,000 ha)[15]	Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests
Tennessee	Forest within Nashville[50]	225 acres (91 ha)[50]	Central U.S. hardwood forests	Black Walnut, White Oak, American Sycamore, Persimmon, Pawpaw
Tennessee	Old Forest Arboretum of Overton Park	172 acres (70 ha)	[citation needed]
Utah	Red Canyon-Dixie National Forest[51]	255 acres (103 ha)	Wasatch and Uinta montane forest	Ponderosa Pine, Douglas Fir, Pinyon-juniper woodland
Virginia	George Washington and Jefferson National Forests[15]	230,000 acres (93,000 ha)[15]	Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests
Virginia	Caledon Natural Area[15]	300 acres (120 ha)	Southeastern mixed forests	Upland White Oak – Tulip Poplar[15]
Virginia	Warm Springs Mountain[15]	425 acres (172 ha)	Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests	Oak-Hickory, Pitch Pine[15]
Virginia	North Landing River Preserve[15]	200 acres (81 ha)	Middle Atlantic coastal forests	Pond Pine, Atlantic White Cedar and scattered ancient Bald cypress[15]
Virginia	James Madison Estate[15]	200 acres (81 ha)	Southeastern mixed forests [15]	Northern Red Oak, White Oak, Tulip Tree and Hickory
Washington	Olympic National Park[18]	366,000 acres (148,000 ha)[18]
Washington	North Cascades National Park[18]	236,000 acres (96,000 ha)[18]
Washington	Mount Rainier National Park[18]	91,000 acres (37,000 ha)[18]
Washington	Colville National Forest[18]	212,488 acres (85,991 ha)[18]
Washington	Gifford Pinchot National Forest[18]	198,000 acres (80,000 ha)[18]
Washington	Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest[18]	643,500 acres (260,400 ha)
Washington	Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest[18]	316,000 acres (128,000 ha)[18]
Washington	Olympic National Forest[18]	266,800 acres (108,000 ha)[18]
Washington	Moran State Park	5,000 acres (2,000 ha)		Coast Douglas-fir
Washington	Rockport State Park (Washington)	632 acres (256 ha)		Coast Douglas-fir
Washington	Federation Forest State Park	619 acres (251 ha)		Coast Douglas-fir, Sitka Spruce
Washington	South Whidbey State Park[52]	381 acres (154 ha)		Coast Douglas-fir, Sitka spruce, Western Hemlock and Western Red-cedar[52]
Washington	Seward Park (Seattle)[18]	300 acres (120 ha)[18]		Coast Douglas-fir
Washington	Point Defiance Park	400 acres (160 ha)		Coast Douglas-fir, Western Redcedar, Western Hemlock, Bigleaf Maple, Pacific Madrone
Washington	West Hylebos Wetlands Park	120 acres (49 ha)		Sitka Spruce, Bigleaf Maple, Black Cottonwood, Coast Douglas-fir, Western Redcedar
Washington	Schmitz Preserve Park[citation needed]	53 acres (21 ha)
West Virginia	Cathedral State Park[15]	132 acres (53 ha)		Eastern Hemlock
West Virginia	Monongahela National Forest[53]	318 acres (129 ha) in 6 separate stands[53]
Wisconsin	Apostle Islands National Lakeshore[15]	1,500 acres (610 ha)[15]
Wisconsin	Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest[15]
Wisconsin	Gerstberger Pines[54]	20 acres (8.1 ha)[54]		Eastern Hemlock, Yellow Birch, Red Oak, White Pine, Basswood, Red Maple[54]
Wisconsin	Namekagon Barrens[15]	4,000 acres (1,600 ha)[15]		Jack pine and scrub oak[15]
Wyoming	Yellowstone National Park		[citation needed]	Lodgepole Pine

Central America

Braulio Carrillo National Park, Costa Rica

Country	Area	Old-growth extent	WWF ecoregion	Old-growth forest type
Costa Rica	Braulio Carrillo National Park	428 square kilometres (165 sq mi)	Talamancan montane and Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests
Panama	Chagres National Park	428 square kilometres (165 sq mi)		coastal tropical

Caribbean

Country	Area	Old-growth extent	WWF ecoregion	Old-growth forest type
The Bahamas	Primeval Forest National Park	7.5 acres	Bahamian dry forests	evergreen tropical hardwood
Puerto Rico (United States)	El Toro Wilderness, El Yunque National Forest	13,700 acres[55]	Puerto Rican moist forests	Ternstroemia luquillensis and Dacryodes excelsa mature forests.[55]

South America

Country	Area	Old-growth extent	WWF ecoregion	Old-growth forest type
French Guiana (France)	Lucifer Dékou-Dékou Biological Reserve	64,373 hectares (159,070 acres)	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Tropical rainforest

See also

• Ecology portal
• Trees portal

• List of oldest trees
• Old-Growth Forest Network

Notes

1. Olson, D. M, E. Dinerstein; et al. (2001). "Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth". BioScience. 51 (11): 933–938. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
2. "Hyrcanian Forest (Caspian Forest)". Archived from the original on 2019-07-07. Retrieved 2019-12-26.
3. Ding, Emily (2019-03-06). "In Malaysia, one of the world's oldest rainforests awaits". CNN. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
4. Rodney J. Keenan; Michael F. Ryan. "Science for Decision Makers - Old Growth Forest in Australia: Conservation status and significance for timber production" (PDF). Bureau of Rural Sciences. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-04-07. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
5. Adam Gerrand; Tim Clancy; Stuart Davey; Geoff Dunn; Ian Frakes (2008). "Old-growth forest areas and their reservation status across Australia" (PDF). Bureau of Rural Sciences. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-02. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
6. "Australia's State of the Forests Report 2013" (PDF). www.agriculture.gov.au. 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-04-07. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
7. "Protecting Old-Growth Forests". Forest Products Commission, Government of Western Australia. Archived from the original on 2016-08-12. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
8. "Blue Tier Reserve Report 2015". 2015. Archived from the original on 2016-03-21. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
9. "NSW South Coast Forests - Revised List of Icon Areas under Threat". Wilderness Society. 2015. Archived from the original on 2016-04-07. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
10. "Forests in Bulgaria". Archived from the original on 2018-02-02. Retrieved 2019-08-29.
11. Schirone, Bartolomeo; Pedrotti, Franco; Spada, Francesco; Bernabei, Mauro; Di Filippo, Alfredo; Piovesan, Gianluca (2005). "La hêtraie pluri-séculaire de la vallée Cervara (Parc national des Abruzzes, Italie)". Acta Botanica Gallica. 152 (4): 519–528. Bibcode:2005AdBG..152..519S. doi:10.1080/12538078.2005.10515511. S2CID 85386812.
12. "Protected Areas". Nova Scotia Environment. April 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-01-03. Retrieved 2008-12-27.
13. "Organisme" (in French). Regroupement du Bois Beckett. Archived from the original on 13 August 2014. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
14. "Bois Papineau".
15. Davis, Mary Byrd (10 October 2010). "Old Growth in the East: A Survey". Archived from the original on 25 May 2011.
16. Tongass Forest Management FAQs Archived 2011-06-29 at the Wayback Machine (accessed 2008-09-18).
17. "Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Revised Land and Resource Management Plan. Ozark-St. Francis National Forests". United States Forest Service Southern Region. 2005. Archived from the original on 2007-02-08. Retrieved 2011-02-16. Final Environmental Impact Statement, p. 365
18. Bolsinger, Charles L.; Waddell, Karen L. (1993), Area of old-growth forests in California, Oregon, and Washington (PDF), United States Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-197, archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-10-23, retrieved 2010-10-22
19. "Frequently Asked Questions". National Park Service. August 17, 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-12-26. Retrieved 2008-11-15.
20. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-07-25. Retrieved 2009-04-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Headwaters Forest Reserve 2007 BLM Manager Report
21. Stahle, David. "Ancient Blue Oak Woodlands of California". University of Arkansas Tree-Ring Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2008-12-04. Retrieved 2008-11-10.
22. Warbington, Ralph; Beardsley, Debby (2002), 2002 Estimates of Old Growth Forests on the 18 National Forests of the Pacific Southwest Region, United States Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, archived from the original on 2015-09-24, retrieved 2010-10-22
23. "Pfeiffer Big Sur State Park". Old Growth Forest Network. Archived from the original on 2023-01-21. Retrieved 2022-05-05.
24. "Pfeiffer Big Sur State Park". Wikipedia. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 2022-05-05.
25. Rebertus, Alan J.; Thomas T. Veblen; Lynn M. Roovers; Joy Nystrom Mast (1992). "Structure and Dynamics of Old-Growth Engelmann Spruce-Subalpine Fir in Colorado". In Merrill R. Kaufmann; William H. Moir; Richard L. Bassett (eds.). Old-growth forests in the Southwest and Rocky Mountain regions. General Technical Report RM-213. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. pp. 139–153. OCLC 26835406.
26. "Belden Forest". Old-Growth Forest Network. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
27. Marteka, Peter (April 8, 2011). "Belden Forest In Simsbury Offers Thrills And Inspiration". The Hartford Courant. Archived from the original on 2021-07-08. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
28. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service (February 2008). "Old Growth Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forests, Georgia". www.fs.usda.gov. Archived from the original on 2011-10-05. Retrieved 2011-02-15.
29. "John Ripley Forbes, Big Trees Forest Preserve". Archived from the original on 2023-01-21. Retrieved 2023-01-20.
30. The Nature Conservancy. "The Nature Conservancy in Indiana  – Douglas Woods". Archived from the original on 2009-07-21. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
31. "Pioneer Mothers Memorial Forest Trail". Archived from the original on 2010-02-18. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
32. "Ginn Woods - Ball State University". bsu.edu. Ball State University. Archived from the original on 2 March 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
33. Higgins, Will (6 November 2014). "Take 1st look at weird Indiana woods". indystar.com. The Indianapolis Star. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
34. "Bicentennial Woods - The Nature Conservancy". nature.org. The Nature Conservancy. Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
35. DeGroot, Bob (January 12, 2006), "Legislative Issue: Protecting Maryland's Forests and Wildlife" Archived 2008-11-28 at the Wayback Machine, Chesapeake: The Sierra Club Maryland Chapter Newsletter Online
36. "Maryland Native Plant Society: Crabtree Old-Growth Forest, Garrett County, Marylandwebsite=mdflora.org". Archived from the original on Jul 7, 2009. Retrieved Jul 23, 2022.
37. Abrams, Marc, The dendroecology and climatic impacts for old-growth white pine and hemlock on the extreme slopes of the Berkshire Hills, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
38. Old Growth Forest Network. "The Rivulet at William Cullen Bryant Homestead". Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
39. Cummington MA official town Website. "The William Cullen Bryant Homestead". Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
40. "Hartwick Pines State Park, Visitors Center & Logging Museum". www.michigan.org. Archived from the original on October 31, 2016. Retrieved Jul 23, 2022.
41. "Research Natural Area: The Bowl". Northern Research Station. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
42. "Sheldrick Forest Preserve". Laconia Daily Sun. 13 January 2017. Archived from the original on 2019-01-15. Retrieved 2019-01-14.
43. "Clayton Park". Old-Growth Forest Network. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
44. "Monmouth County Park System Parks Huber Woods Park". www.monmouthcountyparks.com. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
45. Bard, Gily E. (July 1967). "The Woody Vegetation of the Mature Forest of the Mianus River Gorge Preserve". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 94 (4): 336–344. doi:10.2307/2483905. ISSN 0040-9618. JSTOR 2483905.
46. "Mianus River Gorge". www.mianus.org. Archived from the original on 2019-01-09. Retrieved 2019-01-09.
47. Weckel, Mark; Tirpak, John M.; Nagy, Chris; Christie, Rod (2006-08-01). "Structural and compositional change in an old-growth eastern hemlock Tsuga canadensis forest, 1965–2004". Forest Ecology and Management. 231 (1–3): 114–118. Bibcode:2006ForEM.231..114W. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.022. ISSN 0378-1127.
48. Fergus, Charles (2002). Natural Pennsylvania: Exploring the State Forest Natural Areas. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. pp. 63–67.
49. Johnson, James A. (1 May 2004). "Enchanted Forest". Archived from the original on 2008-11-21. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
50. "Old growth forest in Nashville saved". Archived from the original on 2023-01-21. Retrieved 2011-02-18.
51. "Red Canyon- Dixie National Forest". Old-Growth Forest Network. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
52. "South Whidbey State Park". Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
53. United States Department of Agriculture (September 2006). "Monongahela National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan, Appendix B Old Growth, B-4" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-05-13. Retrieved 2009-01-02.
54. "Gerstberger Pines" (PDF). Gerstberger Pines. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
55. USDA, Forest Service. "Forest Types / Tipos de bosque". Archived from the original on 2022-12-08. Retrieved 2022-06-16.

References

• Davis, Mary Byrd (1996). Eastern Old-Growth Forests: Prospects For Rediscovery And Recovery. Island Press. ISBN 978-1-55963-409-0.
• Eifert, Larry (2000). Field Guide to Old-Growth Forests: Exploring Ancient Forest Ecosystems from California to the Pacific Northwest. Sasquatch Books. ISBN 978-1-57061-234-3.
• "Redwood National Park Frequently Asked Questions". U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
• "Saddler's Woods". Saddler's Woods Conservation Association. Retrieved 2008-01-17.