List of current cardinals

Cardinals are senior members of the clergy of the Catholic Church. They are almost always bishops and generally hold important roles within the church, such as leading prominent archdioceses or heading dicasteries within the Roman Curia. Cardinals are created in consistories by the pope, and one of their foremost duties is the election of a new pope – invariably from among their number, although not strictly a requirement – when the Holy See is vacant (sede vacante), following the death or resignation of a pope. The body of all cardinals is collectively known as the College of Cardinals.^[1][2]

Choir dress of a cardinal, in scarlet

Under current ecclesiastical law, as defined by the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, only cardinals who have not passed their 80th birthdays on the day on which the Holy See becomes vacant are eligible to take part in a papal conclave to elect a new pope.^[3] The same apostolic constitution specifies that no more than 120 cardinal electors can take part in a conclave, but makes no provision for there being more than 120 eligible cardinals;^[3] as of 2023^[update] there had never been more at the time of a conclave, though it has happened frequently at other times. Cardinals may be created in pectore ('in the breast'), in which case their identities are not publicly revealed by the pope; they are not entitled to the privileges of a cardinal until their names are published. The creations of any such cardinals who have not been revealed at the pope's death or resignation automatically lapse.^[1][4]

As of 28 October 2024,^[update] there are 233 cardinals, 121 of whom are cardinal electors. The most recent consistory for the creation of cardinals was held on 30 September 2023, when Pope Francis created 21 cardinals, including 18 cardinal electors.^[5] A consistory is scheduled for 7 December 2024 to create 20 cardinals, including 19 cardinal electors.^[6][7][8] Baltazar Enrique Porras Cardozo was the most recent cardinal elector to turn 80, on 10 October 2024; Oswald Gracias will be the next cardinal elector to turn 80, on 24 December 2024. The most recent death of a cardinal was that of Renato Martino on 28 October 2024, at the age of 91.^[9]

Cardinals

The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders, with formal precedence in the following sequence:^[1]

1. Cardinal bishops (CB): the six cardinals who are assigned the titles of the seven suburbicarian dioceses in the vicinity of Rome by the pope,^{[lower-alpha 1]} plus a few other cardinals who have been exceptionally co-opted into the order,^[12][13] as well as patriarchs who head one of the Eastern Catholic Churches.^[11][14] The two most senior cardinal bishops, who are elected by the cardinal bishops from among themselves (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs) and approved by the pope, are the dean and the vice dean,^[1] currently Giovanni Battista Re and Leonardo Sandri, respectively; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal bishop is Pietro Parolin.^{[lower-alpha 2]}
2. Cardinal priests (CP): bishops typically in charge of dioceses around the world, as well as former cardinal deacons who have opted to be elevated to the order.^[15] The most senior cardinal priest is the protopriest, currently Michael Michai Kitbunchu; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal priest is Vinko Puljić.^{[lower-alpha 2]}
3. Cardinal deacons (CD): bishops who work in the Roman Curia or the diplomatic service of the Holy See, and all other clergy, including priests who have been granted a dispensation not to be consecrated a bishop. They have the choice (Latin: optatio) of opting to become cardinal priests after having been cardinal deacons for ten years.^[1][16] The most senior cardinal deacon is the protodeacon, currently Dominique Mamberti; he is also the senior cardinal deacon among the cardinal electors while the junior cardinal deacon among the electors is Ángel Fernández Artime.^{[lower-alpha 2]}

For cardinal bishops (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs), the dean is first in precedence, followed by the vice dean and then, in order of appointment as cardinal bishops, by the remainder. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.

All cardinals listed are members of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or to societies of apostolic life are indicated by the relevant post-nominal letters. Cardinals in charge of dioceses are classified under the country where their diocese is located, although they may be citizens of a different country.

This list is complete and up to date as of 28 October 2024.^[update]

* Cardinals ineligible to participate in a papal conclave

Rank	Name	Country	Born	Order	Consistory	Office	Ref.
1	Giovanni Battista Re*	Italy	30 January 1934 (age 90)	CB	21 February 2001[lower-roman 1] John Paul II	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Bishops	[18]
2	Leonardo Sandri*	Argentina	18 November 1943 (age 80)	CB	24 November 2007[lower-roman 2] Benedict XVI	Prefect emeritus of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches	[19]
3	Francis Arinze*	Nigeria	1 November 1932 (age 91)	CB	25 May 1985[lower-roman 3] John Paul II	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments	[20]
4	Tarcisio Bertone SDB*	Italy	2 December 1934 (age 89)	CB	21 October 2003[lower-roman 4] John Paul II	Secretary of State emeritus of His Holiness and Camerlengo emeritus of the Holy Roman Church	[21]
5	José Saraiva Martins CMF*	Portugal	6 January 1932 (age 92)	CB	21 February 2001[lower-roman 5] John Paul II	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints	[22]
6	Pietro Parolin	Italy	17 January 1955 (age 69)	CB	22 February 2014[lower-roman 6] Francis	Secretary of State of His Holiness	[23]
7	Marc Ouellet PSS*	Canada	8 June 1944 (age 80)	CB	21 October 2003[lower-roman 6] John Paul II	Prefect emeritus of the Dicastery for Bishops	[24]
8	Fernando Filoni	Italy	15 April 1946 (age 78)	CB	18 February 2012[lower-roman 7] Benedict XVI	Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre	[25]
9	Beniamino Stella*	Italy	18 August 1941 (age 83)	CB	22 February 2014[lower-roman 8] Francis	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Clergy	[26]
10	Luis Antonio Tagle	Philippines	21 June 1957 (age 67)	CB	24 November 2012[lower-roman 9] Benedict XVI	Pro-Prefect of the Dicastery for Evangelization	[27]
11	Bechara Boutros al-Rahi OMM*	Lebanon	25 February 1940 (age 84)	CB	24 November 2012 Benedict XVI	Patriarch of Antioch (Maronite Church)	[28]
12	Louis Raphaël I Sako	Iraq	4 July 1948 (age 76)	CB	28 June 2018 Francis	Patriarch of Baghdad (Chaldean Church)	[29]
13	Michael Michai Kitbunchu*	Thailand	25 January 1929 (age 95)	CP	2 February 1983 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Bangkok	[30]
14	Paul Poupard*	France	30 August 1930 (age 94)	CP	25 May 1985[lower-roman 10] John Paul II	President emeritus of the Pontifical Councils for Culture and for Interreligious Dialogue	[31]
15	Friedrich Wetter*	Germany	20 February 1928 (age 96)	CP	25 May 1985 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Munich and Freising	[32]
16	Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez*	Dominican Republic	31 October 1936 (age 87)	CP	28 June 1991 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Santo Domingo	[33]
17	Roger Mahony*	United States	27 February 1936 (age 88)	CP	28 June 1991 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Los Angeles	[34]
18	Camillo Ruini*	Italy	19 February 1931 (age 93)	CP	28 June 1991 John Paul II	Vicar General emeritus for Rome and Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran	[35]
19	Julius Darmaatmadja SJ*	Indonesia	20 December 1934 (age 89)	CP	26 November 1994 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Jakarta	[36]
20	Emmanuel Wamala*	Uganda	15 December 1926 (age 97)	CP	26 November 1994 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Kampala	[37]
21	Adam Maida*	United States	18 March 1930 (age 94)	CP	26 November 1994 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Detroit	[38]
22	Vinko Puljić	Bosnia and Herzegovina	8 September 1945 (age 79)	CP	26 November 1994 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Vrhbosna	[39]
23	Juan Sandoval Íñiguez*	Mexico	28 March 1933 (age 91)	CP	26 November 1994 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Guadalajara	[40]
24	James Stafford*	United States	26 July 1932 (age 92)	CP	21 February 1998[lower-roman 11] John Paul II	Major Penitentiary emeritus	[41]
25	Salvatore De Giorgi*	Italy	6 September 1930 (age 94)	CP	21 February 1998 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Palermo	[42]
26	Antonio María Rouco Varela*	Spain	20 August 1936 (age 88)	CP	21 February 1998 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Madrid	[43]
27	Polycarp Pengo*	Tanzania	5 August 1944 (age 80)	CP	21 February 1998 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Dar-es-Salaam	[44]
28	Christoph Schönborn OP	Austria[lower-alpha 3]	22 January 1945 (age 79)	CP	21 February 1998 John Paul II	Archbishop of Vienna	[45]
29	Norberto Rivera Carrera*	Mexico	6 June 1942 (age 82)	CP	21 February 1998 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Mexico	[46]
30	Jānis Pujats*	Latvia	14 November 1930 (age 93)	CP	21 February 1998[lower-alpha 4] John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Riga	[47]
31	Crescenzio Sepe*	Italy	2 June 1943 (age 81)	CP	21 February 2001[lower-roman 12] John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Naples	[48]
32	Walter Kasper*	Germany	5 March 1933 (age 91)	CP	21 February 2001[lower-roman 13] John Paul II	President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity	[49]
33	Audrys Bačkis*	Lithuania	1 February 1937 (age 87)	CP	21 February 2001 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Vilnius	[50]
34	Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa ISch*	Chile	5 September 1933 (age 91)	CP	21 February 2001 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile	[51]
35	Wilfrid Napier OFM*	South Africa	8 March 1941 (age 83)	CP	21 February 2001 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Durban	[52]
36	Óscar Rodríguez Maradiaga SDB*	Honduras	29 December 1942 (age 81)	CP	21 February 2001 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Tegucigalpa and Coordinator emeritus of the Council of Cardinals	[53]
37	Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne*	Peru	28 December 1943 (age 80)	CP	21 February 2001 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Lima	[54]
38	Julián Herranz Casado*	Spain	31 March 1930 (age 94)	CP	21 October 2003[lower-roman 14] John Paul II	President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts	[55]
39	Angelo Scola*	Italy	7 November 1941 (age 82)	CP	21 October 2003 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Milan	[56]
40	Anthony Olubunmi Okogie*	Nigeria	16 June 1936 (age 88)	CP	21 October 2003 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Lagos	[57]
41	Gabriel Zubeir Wako*	Sudan	27 February 1941 (age 83)	CP	21 October 2003 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Khartoum	[58]
42	Justin Rigali*	United States	19 April 1935 (age 89)	CP	21 October 2003 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Philadelphia	[59]
43	Ennio Antonelli*	Italy	18 November 1936 (age 87)	CP	21 October 2003 John Paul II	President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Family	[60]
44	Peter Turkson	Ghana	11 October 1948 (age 76)	CP	21 October 2003 John Paul II	Chancellor of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences	[61]
45	Josip Bozanić	Croatia	20 March 1949 (age 75)	CP	21 October 2003 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Zagreb	[62]
46	Jean-Baptiste Phạm Minh Mẫn*	Vietnam	5 March 1934 (age 90)	CP	21 October 2003 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Ho Chi Minh City	[63]
47	Philippe Barbarin	France	17 October 1950 (age 74)	CP	21 October 2003 John Paul II	Archbishop emeritus of Lyon	[64]
48	Péter Erdő	Hungary	25 June 1952 (age 72)	CP	21 October 2003 John Paul II	Archbishop of Esztergom–Budapest	[65]
49	Franc Rodé CM*	Slovenia	23 September 1934 (age 90)	CP	24 March 2006[lower-roman 15] Benedict XVI	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life	[66]
50	Agostino Vallini*	Italy	17 April 1940 (age 84)	CP	24 March 2006 Benedict XVI	Pontifical Legate for the Basilicas of Saint Francis and Saint Mary of the Angels in Assisi	[67]
51	Gaudencio Borbon Rosales*	Philippines	10 August 1932 (age 92)	CP	24 March 2006 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Manila	[68]
52	Jean-Pierre Ricard*	France	25 September 1944 (age 80)	CP	24 March 2006 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Bordeaux	[69]
53	Antonio Cañizares Llovera	Spain	15 October 1945 (age 79)	CP	24 March 2006 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Valencia	[70]
54	Seán Patrick O'Malley OFMCap*	United States	29 June 1944 (age 80)	CP	24 March 2006 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Boston and President of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors	[71]
55	Stanisław Dziwisz*	Poland	27 April 1939 (age 85)	CP	24 March 2006 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Kraków	[72]
56	Joseph Zen Ze-kiun SDB*	China (Hong Kong)[lower-alpha 5]	13 January 1932 (age 92)	CP	24 March 2006 Benedict XVI	Bishop emeritus of Hong Kong	[73]
57	Giovanni Lajolo*	Italy	3 January 1935 (age 89)	CP	24 November 2007[lower-roman 16] Benedict XVI	President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State	[74]
58	Angelo Comastri*	Italy	17 September 1943 (age 81)	CP	24 November 2007[lower-roman 16] Benedict XVI	Vicar General emeritus for Vatican City, Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President emeritus of the Fabric of Saint Peter	[75]
59	Stanisław Ryłko	Poland	4 July 1945 (age 79)	CP	24 November 2007[lower-roman 16] Benedict XVI	Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major	[76]
60	Raffaele Farina SDB*	Italy	24 September 1933 (age 91)	CP	24 November 2007[lower-roman 16] Benedict XVI	Archivist and Librarian emeritus of the Holy Roman Church	[77]
61	Seán Brady*	Ireland[lower-alpha 6]	16 August 1939 (age 85)	CP	24 November 2007 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Armagh	[78]
62	Lluís Martínez i Sistach*	Spain	29 April 1937 (age 87)	CP	24 November 2007 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Barcelona	[79]
63	André Vingt-Trois*	France	7 November 1942 (age 81)	CP	24 November 2007 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Paris	[80]
64	Angelo Bagnasco*	Italy	14 January 1943 (age 81)	CP	24 November 2007 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Genoa	[81]
65	Théodore-Adrien Sarr*	Senegal	28 November 1936 (age 87)	CP	24 November 2007 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Dakar	[82]
66	Oswald Gracias	India	24 December 1944 (age 79)	CP	24 November 2007 Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Bombay	[83]
67	Francisco Robles Ortega	Mexico	2 March 1949 (age 75)	CP	24 November 2007 Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Guadalajara	[84]
68	Daniel DiNardo	United States	23 May 1949 (age 75)	CP	24 November 2007 Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Galveston–Houston	[85]
69	Odilo Scherer	Brazil	21 September 1949 (age 75)	CP	24 November 2007 Benedict XVI	Archbishop of São Paulo	[86]
70	John Njue	Kenya	1 January 1946[lower-alpha 7] (age 78)	CP	24 November 2007 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Nairobi	[87]
71	Estanislao Esteban Karlic*	Argentina	7 February 1926 (age 98)	CP	24 November 2007 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Paraná	[90]
72	Angelo Amato SDB*	Italy	8 June 1938 (age 86)	CP	20 November 2010[lower-roman 17] Benedict XVI	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints	[91]
73	Robert Sarah	Guinea	15 June 1945 (age 79)	CP	20 November 2010[lower-roman 17] Benedict XVI	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments	[92]
74	Francesco Monterisi*	Italy	28 May 1934 (age 90)	CP	20 November 2010[lower-roman 17] Benedict XVI	Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls	[93]
75	Raymond Leo Burke	United States	30 June 1948 (age 76)	CP	20 November 2010[lower-roman 17] Benedict XVI	Patron emeritus of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta	[94]
76	Kurt Koch	Switzerland	15 March 1950 (age 74)	CP	20 November 2010[lower-roman 17] Benedict XVI	Prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity	[95]
77	Mauro Piacenza*	Italy	15 September 1944 (age 80)	CP	20 November 2010[lower-roman 17] Benedict XVI	Major Penitentiary emeritus	[96]
78	Gianfranco Ravasi*	Italy	18 October 1942 (age 82)	CP	20 November 2010[lower-roman 17] Benedict XVI	President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Culture	[97]
79	Paolo Romeo*	Italy	20 February 1938 (age 86)	CP	20 November 2010 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Palermo	[98]
80	Donald Wuerl*	United States	12 November 1940 (age 83)	CP	20 November 2010 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Washington	[99]
81	Raymundo Damasceno Assis*	Brazil	15 February 1937 (age 87)	CP	20 November 2010 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Aparecida	[100]
82	Kazimierz Nycz	Poland	1 February 1950 (age 74)	CP	20 November 2010 Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Warsaw	[101]
83	Malcolm Ranjith	Sri Lanka	15 November 1947 (age 76)	CP	20 November 2010 Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Colombo	[102]
84	Reinhard Marx	Germany	21 September 1953 (age 71)	CP	20 November 2010 Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Munich and Freising and Coordinator of the Council for the Economy	[103]
85	Walter Brandmüller*	Germany	5 January 1929 (age 95)	CP	20 November 2010[lower-roman 17] Benedict XVI	President emeritus of the Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences	[104]
86	Manuel Monteiro de Castro*	Portugal	29 March 1938 (age 86)	CP	18 February 2012[lower-roman 18] Benedict XVI	Major Penitentiary emeritus	[105]
87	Santos Abril y Castelló*	Spain	21 September 1935 (age 89)	CP	18 February 2012[lower-roman 18] Benedict XVI	Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major	[106]
88	Antonio Maria Vegliò*	Italy	3 February 1938 (age 86)	CP	18 February 2012[lower-roman 18] Benedict XVI	President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People	[107]
89	Giuseppe Bertello*	Italy	1 October 1942 (age 82)	CP	18 February 2012[lower-roman 18] Benedict XVI	President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State	[108]
90	Francesco Coccopalmerio*	Italy	6 March 1938 (age 86)	CP	18 February 2012[lower-roman 18] Benedict XVI	President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts	[109]
91	João Braz de Aviz	Brazil	24 April 1947 (age 77)	CP	18 February 2012[lower-roman 18] Benedict XVI	Prefect of the Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life	[110]
92	Edwin Frederick O'Brien*	United States	8 April 1939 (age 85)	CP	18 February 2012[lower-roman 18] Benedict XVI	Grand Master emeritus of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre	[111]
93	Domenico Calcagno*	Italy	3 February 1943 (age 81)	CP	18 February 2012[lower-roman 18] Benedict XVI	President emeritus of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See	[112]
94	Giuseppe Versaldi*	Italy	30 July 1943 (age 81)	CP	18 February 2012[lower-roman 18] Benedict XVI	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Catholic Education	[113]
95	George Alencherry	India	19 April 1945 (age 79)	CP	18 February 2012 Benedict XVI	Major Archbishop emeritus of Ernakulam–Angamaly (Syro-Malabar Church)	[114]
96	Thomas Collins	Canada	16 January 1947 (age 77)	CP	18 February 2012 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Toronto	[115]
97	Dominik Duka OP*	Czech Republic	26 April 1943 (age 81)	CP	18 February 2012 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Prague	[116]
98	Wim Eijk	Netherlands	22 June 1953 (age 71)	CP	18 February 2012 Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Utrecht	[117]
99	Giuseppe Betori	Italy	25 February 1947 (age 77)	CP	18 February 2012 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Florence	[118]
100	Timothy M. Dolan	United States	6 February 1950 (age 74)	CP	18 February 2012 Benedict XVI	Archbishop of New York	[119]
101	Rainer Woelki	Germany	18 August 1956 (age 68)	CP	18 February 2012 Benedict XVI	Archbishop of Cologne	[120]
102	John Tong Hon*	China (Hong Kong)[lower-alpha 5]	31 July 1939 (age 85)	CP	18 February 2012 Benedict XVI	Bishop emeritus of Hong Kong	[121]
103	Lucian Mureșan*	Romania	23 May 1931 (age 93)	CP	18 February 2012 Benedict XVI	Major Archbishop of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia (Romanian Greek Church)	[122]
104	James Michael Harvey	United States	20 October 1949 (age 75)	CP	24 November 2012[lower-roman 19] Benedict XVI	Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls	[123]
105	Baselios Cleemis	India	15 June 1959 (age 65)	CP	24 November 2012 Benedict XVI	Major Archbishop of Trivandrum (Syro-Malankara Church)	[124]
106	John Onaiyekan*	Nigeria	29 January 1944 (age 80)	CP	24 November 2012 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Abuja	[125]
107	Rubén Salazar Gómez*	Colombia	22 September 1942 (age 82)	CP	24 November 2012 Benedict XVI	Archbishop emeritus of Bogotá	[126]
108	Lorenzo Baldisseri*	Italy	29 September 1940 (age 84)	CP	22 February 2014[lower-roman 19] Francis	Secretary-General emeritus of the Synod of Bishops	[127]
109	Gerhard Ludwig Müller	Germany	31 December 1947 (age 76)	CP	22 February 2014[lower-roman 19] Francis	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith	[128]
110	Vincent Nichols	United Kingdom	8 November 1945 (age 78)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Archbishop of Westminster	[129]
111	Leopoldo Brenes	Nicaragua	7 March 1949 (age 75)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Archbishop of Managua	[130]
112	Gérald Lacroix ISPX	Canada	27 July 1957 (age 67)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Archbishop of Quebec	[131]
113	Jean-Pierre Kutwa	Ivory Coast	22 December 1945 (age 78)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Abidjan	[132]
114	Orani João Tempesta OCist	Brazil	23 June 1950 (age 74)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Archbishop of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro	[133]
115	Gualtiero Bassetti*	Italy	7 April 1942 (age 82)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Perugia–Città della Pieve	[134]
116	Mario Aurelio Poli	Argentina	29 November 1947 (age 76)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Buenos Aires	[135]
117	Andrew Yeom Soo-jung*	South Korea	5 December 1943 (age 80)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Seoul	[136]
118	Ricardo Ezzati SDB*	Chile[lower-alpha 8]	7 January 1942 (age 82)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile	[137]
119	Philippe Ouédraogo	Burkina Faso	31 December 1945 (age 78)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Ouagadougou	[138]
120	Orlando Quevedo OMI*	Philippines	11 March 1939 (age 85)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Cotabato	[139]
121	Chibly Langlois	Haiti	29 November 1958 (age 65)	CP	22 February 2014 Francis	Bishop of Les Cayes	[140]
122	Manuel Clemente	Portugal	16 July 1948 (age 76)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Patriarch emeritus of Lisbon	[141]
123	Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel CM	Ethiopia	14 July 1948 (age 76)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Archbishop of Addis Abeba (Ethiopian Church)	[142]
124	John Dew	New Zealand	5 May 1948 (age 76)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Wellington	[143]
125	Edoardo Menichelli*	Italy	14 October 1939 (age 85)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Ancona–Osimo	[144]
126	Pierre Nguyễn Văn Nhơn*	Vietnam	1 April 1938 (age 86)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Hanoi	[145]
127	Alberto Suárez Inda*	Mexico	30 January 1939 (age 85)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Morelia	[146]
128	Charles Maung Bo SDB	Myanmar	29 October 1948 (age 76)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Archbishop of Yangon	[147]
129	Kriengsak Kovitvanit	Thailand	27 June 1949 (age 75)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Bangkok	[148]
130	Francesco Montenegro	Italy	22 May 1946 (age 78)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Agrigento	[149]
131	Daniel Sturla SDB	Uruguay	4 July 1959 (age 65)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Archbishop of Montevideo	[150]
132	Ricardo Blázquez*	Spain	13 April 1942 (age 82)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Valladolid	[151]
133	José Luis Lacunza Maestrojuán OAR*	Panama[lower-alpha 9]	24 February 1944 (age 80)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Bishop emeritus of David	[152]
134	Arlindo Gomes Furtado	Cape Verde	15 November 1949 (age 74)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Bishop of Santiago de Cabo Verde	[153]
135	Soane Patita Paini Mafi	Tonga	19 December 1961 (age 62)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Bishop of Tonga	[154]
136	Luis Héctor Villalba*	Argentina	11 October 1934 (age 90)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Tucumán	[155]
137	Júlio Duarte Langa*	Mozambique	27 October 1927 (age 97)	CP	14 February 2015 Francis	Bishop emeritus of Xai-Xai	[156]
138	Dieudonné Nzapalainga CSSp	Central African Republic	14 March 1967 (age 57)	CP	19 November 2016 Francis	Archbishop of Bangui	[157]
139	Carlos Osoro Sierra	Spain	16 May 1945 (age 79)	CP	19 November 2016 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Madrid	[158]
140	Sérgio da Rocha	Brazil	21 October 1959 (age 65)	CP	19 November 2016 Francis	Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia	[159]
141	Blase J. Cupich	United States	19 March 1949 (age 75)	CP	19 November 2016 Francis	Archbishop of Chicago	[160]
142	Patrick D'Rozario CSC*	Bangladesh	1 October 1943 (age 81)	CP	19 November 2016 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Dhaka	[161]
143	Baltazar Enrique Porras Cardozo*	Venezuela	10 October 1944 (age 80)	CP	19 November 2016 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Caracas	[162]
144	Jozef De Kesel	Belgium	17 June 1947 (age 77)	CP	19 November 2016 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Mechelen–Brussels	[163]
145	Maurice Piat CSSp*	Mauritius	19 July 1941 (age 83)	CP	19 November 2016 Francis	Bishop emeritus of Port-Louis	[164]
146	Carlos Aguiar Retes	Mexico	9 January 1950 (age 74)	CP	19 November 2016 Francis	Archbishop of Mexico	[165]
147	John Ribat MSC	Papua New Guinea	9 February 1957 (age 67)	CP	19 November 2016 Francis	Archbishop of Port Moresby	[166]
148	Joseph W. Tobin CSsR	United States	3 May 1952 (age 72)	CP	19 November 2016 Francis	Archbishop of Newark	[167]
149	Jean Zerbo*	Mali	27 December 1943 (age 80)	CP	28 June 2017 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Bamako	[168]
150	Juan José Omella	Spain	21 April 1946 (age 78)	CP	28 June 2017 Francis	Archbishop of Barcelona	[169]
151	Anders Arborelius OCD	Sweden	24 September 1949 (age 75)	CP	28 June 2017 Francis	Bishop of Stockholm	[170]
152	Louis-Marie Ling Mangkhanekhoun IVD*	Laos	8 April 1944 (age 80)	CP	28 June 2017 Francis	Apostolic Vicar of Vientiane	[171]
153	Gregorio Rosa Chávez*	El Salvador	3 September 1942 (age 82)	CP	28 June 2017 Francis	Auxiliary Bishop emeritus of San Salvador	[172]
154	Angelo De Donatis	Italy	4 January 1954 (age 70)	CP	28 June 2018 Francis	Major Penitentiary	[173]
155	Joseph Coutts	Pakistan	21 July 1945 (age 79)	CP	28 June 2018 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Karachi	[174]
156	António Marto	Portugal	5 May 1947 (age 77)	CP	28 June 2018 Francis	Bishop emeritus of Leiria–Fátima	[175]
157	Pedro Barreto SJ*	Peru	12 February 1944 (age 80)	CP	28 June 2018 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Huancayo	[176]
158	Désiré Tsarahazana	Madagascar	13 June 1954 (age 70)	CP	28 June 2018 Francis	Archbishop of Toamasina	[177]
159	Giuseppe Petrocchi	Italy	19 August 1948 (age 76)	CP	28 June 2018 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of L'Aquila	[178]
160	Thomas Aquino Manyo Maeda	Japan	3 March 1949 (age 75)	CP	28 June 2018 Francis	Archbishop of Osaka–Takamatsu	[179]
161	Toribio Ticona Porco*	Bolivia	25 April 1937 (age 87)	CP	28 June 2018 Francis	Bishop Prelate emeritus of Corocoro	[180]
162	Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo	Indonesia	9 July 1950 (age 74)	CP	5 October 2019 Francis	Archbishop of Jakarta	[181]
163	Juan García Rodríguez	Cuba	11 July 1948 (age 76)	CP	5 October 2019 Francis	Archbishop of San Cristóbal de la Habana	[182]
164	Fridolin Ambongo Besungu OFMCap	Democratic Republic of the Congo	24 January 1960 (age 64)	CP	5 October 2019 Francis	Archbishop of Kinshasa	[183]
165	Jean-Claude Hollerich SJ	Luxembourg	9 August 1958 (age 66)	CP	5 October 2019 Francis	Archbishop of Luxembourg	[184]
166	Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri	Guatemala	16 July 1947 (age 77)	CP	5 October 2019 Francis	Bishop of Huehuetenango	[185]
167	Matteo Zuppi	Italy	11 October 1955 (age 69)	CP	5 October 2019 Francis	Archbishop of Bologna	[186]
168	Cristóbal López Romero SDB	Morocco[lower-alpha 10]	19 May 1952 (age 72)	CP	5 October 2019 Francis	Archbishop of Rabat	[187]
169	Sigitas Tamkevičius SJ*	Lithuania	7 November 1938 (age 85)	CP	5 October 2019 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Kaunas	[188]
170	Antoine Kambanda	Rwanda	10 November 1958 (age 65)	CP	28 November 2020 Francis	Archbishop of Kigali	[189]
171	Wilton Daniel Gregory	United States	7 December 1947 (age 76)	CP	28 November 2020 Francis	Archbishop of Washington	[190]
172	Jose Advincula OP	Philippines	30 March 1952 (age 72)	CP	28 November 2020 Francis	Archbishop of Manila	[191]
173	Celestino Aós Braco OFMCap	Chile[lower-alpha 11]	6 April 1945 (age 79)	CP	28 November 2020 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile	[192]
174	Augusto Paolo Lojudice	Italy	1 July 1964 (age 60)	CP	28 November 2020 Francis	Archbishop of Siena–Colle di Val d'Elsa–Montalcino and Bishop of Montepulciano–Chiusi–Pienza	[193]
175	Felipe Arizmendi Esquivel*	Mexico	1 May 1940 (age 84)	CP	28 November 2020 Francis	Bishop emeritus of San Cristóbal de Las Casas	[194]
176	Jean-Marc Aveline	France	26 December 1958 (age 65)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Archbishop of Marseille	[195]
177	Peter Okpaleke	Nigeria	1 March 1963 (age 61)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Bishop of Ekwulobia	[196]
178	Leonardo Ulrich Steiner OFM	Brazil	6 November 1950 (age 73)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Archbishop of Manaus	[197]
179	Filipe Neri Ferrão	India	20 January 1953 (age 71)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Archbishop of Goa and Daman and Patriarch of the East Indies	[198]
180	Robert W. McElroy	United States	5 February 1954 (age 70)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Bishop of San Diego	[199]
181	Virgílio do Carmo da Silva SDB	East Timor	27 November 1967 (age 56)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Archbishop of Díli	[200]
182	Oscar Cantoni	Italy	1 September 1950 (age 74)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Bishop of Como	[201]
183	Anthony Poola	India	15 November 1961 (age 62)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Archbishop of Hyderabad	[202]
184	Paulo Cezar Costa	Brazil	20 July 1967 (age 57)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Archbishop of Brasília	[203]
185	William Goh	Singapore	25 June 1957 (age 67)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Archbishop of Singapore	[204]
186	Adalberto Martínez Flores	Paraguay	8 July 1951 (age 73)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Archbishop of Asunción	[205]
187	Giorgio Marengo IMC	Mongolia[lower-alpha 12]	7 June 1974 (age 50)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Apostolic Prefect of Ulaanbaatar	[206]
188	Jorge Enrique Jiménez Carvajal CJM*	Colombia	29 March 1942 (age 82)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Cartagena	[207]
189	Arrigo Miglio*	Italy	18 July 1942 (age 82)	CP	27 August 2022 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Cagliari	[208]
190	Pierbattista Pizzaballa OFM	Jerusalem[lower-alpha 13]	21 April 1965 (age 59)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem	[209]
191	Stephen Brislin	South Africa	24 September 1956 (age 68)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Archbishop-elect of Johannesburg	[210]
192	Ángel Sixto Rossi SJ	Argentina	11 August 1958 (age 66)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Archbishop of Córdoba	[211]
193	Luis José Rueda Aparicio	Colombia	3 March 1962 (age 62)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Archbishop of Bogotá	[212]
194	Grzegorz Ryś	Poland	9 February 1964 (age 60)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Archbishop of Łódź	[213]
195	Stephen Ameyu Martin Mulla	South Sudan	10 January 1964 (age 60)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Archbishop of Juba	[214]
196	José Cobo Cano	Spain	20 September 1965 (age 59)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Archbishop of Madrid	[215]
197	Protase Rugambwa	Tanzania	31 May 1960 (age 64)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Archbishop of Tabora	[216]
198	Sebastian Francis	Malaysia	11 November 1951 (age 72)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Bishop of Penang	[217]
199	Stephen Chow Sau-yan SJ	China (Hong Kong)[lower-alpha 5]	7 August 1959 (age 65)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Bishop of Hong Kong	[218]
200	François-Xavier Bustillo OFMConv	France[lower-alpha 14]	23 November 1968 (age 55)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Bishop of Ajaccio	[219]
201	Américo Aguiar	Portugal	12 December 1973 (age 50)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Bishop of Setúbal	[220]
202	Diego Rafael Padrón Sánchez*	Venezuela	17 May 1939 (age 85)	CP	30 September 2023 Francis	Archbishop emeritus of Cumaná	[221]
203	Dominique Mamberti	France	7 March 1952 (age 72)	CD	14 February 2015 Francis	Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura	[222]
204	Mario Zenari	Italy	5 January 1946 (age 78)	CD	19 November 2016 Francis	Apostolic Nuncio to Syria	[223]
205	Kevin Farrell	United States[lower-alpha 15]	2 September 1947 (age 77)	CD	19 November 2016 Francis	Prefect of the Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church	[224]
206	Ernest Simoni*	Albania	18 October 1928 (age 96)	CD	19 November 2016 Francis	Priest of the Archdiocese of Shkodër–Pult[lower-alpha 16]	[225]
207	Luis Ladaria Ferrer SJ*	Spain	19 April 1944 (age 80)	CD	28 June 2018 Francis	Prefect emeritus of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith	[226]
208	Giovanni Angelo Becciu*[lower-alpha 17]	Italy	2 June 1948 (age 76)	CD	28 June 2018 Francis	Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints	[229]
209	Konrad Krajewski	Poland	25 November 1963 (age 60)	CD	28 June 2018 Francis	Almoner of His Holiness	[230]
210	Aquilino Bocos Merino CMF*	Spain	17 May 1938 (age 86)	CD	28 June 2018 Francis	Superior General emeritus of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary	[231]
211	Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot MCCJ	Spain	17 June 1952 (age 72)	CD	5 October 2019 Francis	Prefect of the Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue	[232]
212	José Tolentino de Mendonça	Portugal	15 December 1965 (age 58)	CD	5 October 2019 Francis	Prefect of the Dicastery for Culture and Education	[233]
213	Michael Czerny SJ	Canada[lower-alpha 18]	18 July 1946 (age 78)	CD	5 October 2019 Francis	Prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development	[234]
214	Michael Fitzgerald MAfr*	United Kingdom	17 August 1937 (age 87)	CD	5 October 2019 Francis	Apostolic Nuncio emeritus to Egypt	[235]
215	Mario Grech	Malta	20 February 1957 (age 67)	CD	28 November 2020 Francis	Secretary-General of the Synod of Bishops	[236]
216	Marcello Semeraro	Italy	22 December 1947 (age 76)	CD	28 November 2020 Francis	Prefect of the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints	[237]
217	Mauro Gambetti OFMConv	Italy	27 October 1965 (age 59)	CD	28 November 2020 Francis	Vicar General for Vatican City, Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President of the Fabric of Saint Peter	[238]
218	Silvano Maria Tomasi CS*	Italy	12 October 1940 (age 84)	CD	28 November 2020 Francis	Special Delegate to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta	[239]
219	Raniero Cantalamessa OFMCap*	Italy	22 July 1934 (age 90)	CD	28 November 2020 Francis	Preacher of the Papal Household[lower-alpha 16]	[240]
220	Enrico Feroci*	Italy	27 August 1940 (age 84)	CD	28 November 2020 Francis	Pastor of the Shrine of Our Lady of Divine Love in Castel di Leva, Rome	[241]
221	Arthur Roche	United Kingdom	6 March 1950 (age 74)	CD	27 August 2022 Francis	Prefect of the Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments	[242]
222	Lazarus You Heung-sik	South Korea	17 November 1951 (age 72)	CD	27 August 2022 Francis	Prefect of the Dicastery for the Clergy	[243]
223	Fernando Vérgez Alzaga LC	Spain	1 March 1945 (age 79)	CD	27 August 2022 Francis	President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State	[244]
224	Gianfranco Ghirlanda SJ*	Italy	5 July 1942 (age 82)	CD	27 August 2022 Francis	Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta[lower-alpha 16]	[245]
225	Fortunato Frezza*	Italy	6 February 1942 (age 82)	CD	27 August 2022 Francis	Canon of the Chapter of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter	[246]
226	Robert Francis Prevost OSA	United States	14 September 1955 (age 69)	CD	30 September 2023 Francis	Prefect of the Dicastery for Bishops	[247]
227	Claudio Gugerotti	Italy	7 October 1955 (age 69)	CD	30 September 2023 Francis	Prefect of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches	[248]
228	Víctor Manuel Fernández	Argentina	18 July 1962 (age 62)	CD	30 September 2023 Francis	Prefect of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith	[249]
229	Emil Paul Tscherrig	Switzerland	3 February 1947 (age 77)	CD	30 September 2023 Francis	Apostolic Nuncio emeritus to Italy and San Marino	[250]
230	Christophe Pierre	France	30 January 1946 (age 78)	CD	30 September 2023 Francis	Apostolic Nuncio to the United States	[251]
231	Ángel Fernández Artime SDB	Spain	21 August 1960 (age 64)	CD	30 September 2023 Francis	Rector Major emeritus of the Salesians	[252]
232	Agostino Marchetto*	Italy	28 August 1940 (age 84)	CD	30 September 2023 Francis	Secretary emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People	[253]
233	Luis Pascual Dri OFMCap*	Argentina	17 April 1927 (age 97)	CD	30 September 2023 Francis	Confessor at the Shrine of Our Lady of Pompei [es], Buenos Aires	[254]

Cardinals to be created on 7 December 2024

On 6 October 2024, Pope Francis announced that 21 cardinals, including 20 cardinal electors, would be created in a consistory to be held on 8 December 2024.^[255] The date of the consistory was changed to 7 December 2024 on 12 October 2024.^[7] On 22 October 2024 the Holy See Press Office announced that Pope Francis has accepted the request of Paskalis Bruno Syukur, Bishop of Bogor in Indonesia, not to be created a cardinal.^[8] The orders to which the appointees will belong have not been announced; they are listed here in the order they were announced.^[255]

Rank	Name	Country	Born	Consistory	Office	Ref.
1	Angelo Acerbi*	Italy	23 September 1925 (age 99)	7 December 2024 Francis	Apostolic Nuncio emeritus	[255]
2	Carlos Castillo Mattasoglio	Peru	28 February 1950 (age 74)	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Lima	[255]
3	Vicente Bokalic Iglic CM	Argentina	11 June 1952 (age 72)	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Santiago del Estero	[255]
4	Luis Cabrera Herrera OFM	Ecuador	11 October 1955 (age 69)	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Guayaquil	[255]
5	Fernando Chomalí Garib	Chile	10 March 1957 (age 67)	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Santiago de Chile	[255]
6	Tarcisio Isao Kikuchi SVD	Japan	1 November 1958 (age 65)	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Tokyo	[255]
7	Pablo Virgilio David	Philippines	2 March 1959 (age 65)	7 December 2024 Francis	Bishop of Kalookan	[255]
8	Ladislav Nemet SVD	Serbia	7 September 1956 (age 68)	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Belgrade–Smederevo	[255]
9	Jaime Spengler OFM	Brazil	6 September 1960 (age 64)	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Porto Alegre	[255]
10	Ignace Bessi Dogbo	Ivory Coast	17 August 1961 (age 63)	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Abidjan	[255]
11	Jean-Paul Vesco OP	Algeria[lower-alpha 19]	10 March 1962 (age 62)	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Algiers	[255]
12	Dominique Mathieu OFM Conv	Iran[lower-alpha 20]	13 June 1963 (age 61)	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Tehran–Isfahan	[255]
13	Roberto Repole	Italy	29 January 1967 (age 57)	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Turin and Bishop of Susa	[255]
14	Baldassare Reina	Italy	26 November 1970 (age 53)	7 December 2024 Francis	Vicar General for Rome and Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran	[255]
15	Francis Leo	Canada	30 January 1971 (age 53)	7 December 2024 Francis	Archbishop of Toronto	[255]
16	Rolandas Makrickas	Lithuania	31 January 1972 (age 52)	7 December 2024 Francis	Coadjutor Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major	[255]
17	Mykola Bychok CSsR	Australia[lower-alpha 21]	13 February 1980 (age 44)	7 December 2024 Francis	Eparch of Saints Peter and Paul of Melbourne (Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church)	[255]
18	Timothy Radcliffe OP	United Kingdom	22 August 1945 (age 79)	7 December 2024 Francis	Theologian and Master emeritus of the Order of Preachers	[255]
19	Fabio Baggio CS	Italy	15 January 1965 (age 59)	7 December 2024 Francis	Undersecretary of the Migrants and Refugees Section of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development	[255]
20	George Koovakad	India	11 August 1973 (age 51)	7 December 2024 Francis	Titular Archbishop-elect of Nisibis of the Chaldeans (Syro-Malabar Catholic Church); official in the Secretariat of State	[255]

Demographics of the College of Cardinals

At present, 121 of 233 cardinals are eligible to participate in a papal conclave. The number of votes required to be elected pope with a two-thirds supermajority,^[3][256] if all 121 cardinal electors were to participate (notwithstanding the maximum of 120 specified in Universi Dominici gregis), would be 81.

Cardinals by appointing Pope

This table indicates the number of current cardinals created by each pope and belonging to each order of the college.

Pope		All cardinals				Cardinal electors
No.	Name	CB	CP	CD	Total	CB	CP	CD	Total
264	John Paul II (1978–2005)	5	36	0	41	0	6	0	6
265	Benedict XVI (2005–2013)	4	59	0	63	2	22	0	24
266	Francis (2013–present)	3	95	31	129	2	70	19	91
Total		12	190	31	233	4	98	19	121

Cardinals by particular church sui iuris

While most cardinals belong to the Latin Church, which encompasses the vast majority of Catholics, a small number of cardinals belong to one of the twenty-three autonomous (sui iuris) Eastern Catholic Churches. At present, there are six Eastern Catholic cardinals, including four cardinal electors, belonging to six particular churches sui iuris:

• Béchara Boutros Raï (Maronite Church)
• Louis Raphaël I Sako (Chaldean Church), cardinal elector
• George Alencherry (Syro-Malabar Church), cardinal elector
• Lucian Mureșan (Romanian Greek Church)
• Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal (Syro-Malankara Church), cardinal elector
• Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel (Ethiopian Church), cardinal elector

Particular church sui iuris		All cardinals	Cardinal electors
Latin Church (Western)		227	117
Eastern Churches	Chaldean Church	1	1
	Ethiopian Church	1	1
	Maronite Church	1	0
	Romanian Greek Church	1	0
	Syro-Malabar Church	1	1
	Syro-Malankara Church	1	1
	Total	6	4
Total		233	121

Cardinals by institute of consecrated life or society of apostolic life

At present, there are 59 cardinals, including 28 cardinal electors, who are members of the religious life, representing 28 institutes of consecrated life and societies of apostolic life. Common names for members, if different, are given in brackets in this table.

Post-nominal	Institute or society	All cardinals	Cardinal electors
CJM	Congregation of Jesus and Mary (Eudists)	1	0
CM	Congregation of the Mission (Vincentians, Lazarists)	2	1
CMF	Congregation of Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Claretians)	2	0
CS	Congregation of the Missionaries of Saint Charles Borromeo (Scalabrinians)	1	0
CSC	Congregation of Holy Cross (Holy Cross Fathers)	1	0
CSSp	Congregation of the Holy Spirit (Holy Ghost Fathers, Spiritans)	2	1
CSsR	Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (Redemptorists)	1	1
IMC	Institute of Consolata Missionaries	1	1
ISch	Institute of Schönstatt Fathers	1	0
ISPX	Pius X Secular Institute	1	1
IVD	Voluntas Dei Institute	1	0
LC	Congregation of the Legionaries of Christ	1	1
MAfr	Missionaries of Africa (White Fathers)	1	0
MCCJ	Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus	1	1
MSC	Missionaries of the Sacred Heart	1	1
OAR	Order of Augustinian Recollects	1	0
OCD	Order of Discalced Carmelites	1	1
OCist	Order of Cistercians	1	1
OFM	Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans)	3	2
OFMCap	Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Capuchins)	5	2
OFMConv	Order of Friars Minor Conventual (Conventual Franciscans)	2	2
OMI	Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate (Oblates)	1	0
OMM	Mariamite Maronite Order (Aleppians)	1	0
OP	Order of Preachers (Dominicans)	3	2
OSA	Order of Saint Augustine (Augustinians)	1	1
PSS	Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice (Sulpicians)	1	0
SDB	Society of Saint Francis de Sales (Salesians)	11	5
SJ	Society of Jesus (Jesuits)	9	4
None	Secular clergy	175	93
Total		233	121

Cardinals by continent

For the purposes of this article, countries are grouped into continents generally according to the regions of the United Nations geoscheme; for the region of the Americas, North America comprises the subregions of Northern America, Central America and the Caribbean, while South America comprises the remaining subregion of the same name.^[257] Statistics for the global distribution of Catholics are taken from the 2021 edition^[update] of the Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae (Statistical Yearbook of the Church).^[258]

Continent	All cardinals		Cardinal electors		Percentage of global Catholic population (2021)
	Number	Percentage	Number	Percentage
Africa	27	11.6%	16	13.2%	19%
North America	35	15.0%	19	15.7%	21%
South America	27	11.6%	13	10.7%	27%
Asia	33	14.2%	21	17.4%	11%
Europe	108	46.4%	49	40.5%	21%
Oceania	3	1.3%	3	2.5%	1%
Total	233	100.0%	121	100.0%	100%

Cardinals by country

At present, 89 countries are represented in the College of Cardinals, including 65 with at least one cardinal elector. The countries with the greatest numbers of cardinals are Italy (forty-seven), the United States (seventeen), and Spain (fourteen). Among the cardinal electors, the countries with the greatest numbers are Italy (thirteen), the United States (ten), and Spain (seven).

Country	Continent	All cardinals	Cardinal electors
Albania	Europe	1	0
Argentina	South America	7	3
Austria	Europe	1	1
Bangladesh	Asia	1	0
Belgium	Europe	1	1
Bolivia	South America	1	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe	1	1
Brazil	South America	7	6
Burkina Faso	Africa	1	1
Canada	North America	4	3
Cape Verde	Africa	1	1
Central African Republic	Africa	1	1
Chile	South America	3	1
Colombia	South America	3	1
Cuba	North America	1	1
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Africa	1	1
Croatia	Europe	1	1
Czech Republic	Europe	1	0
Dominican Republic	North America	1	0
East Timor	Asia	1	1
El Salvador	North America	1	0
Ethiopia	Africa	1	1
France	Europe	8	5
Germany	Europe	6	3
Ghana	Africa	1	1
Guatemala	North America	1	1
Guinea	Africa	1	1
Haiti	North America	1	1
Honduras	North America	1	0
Hong Kong (China)[lower-alpha 5]	Asia	3	1
Hungary	Europe	1	1
India	Asia	5	5
Indonesia	Asia	2	1
Iraq	Asia	1	1
Ireland	Europe	1	0
Italy	Europe	47	13
Ivory Coast	Africa	1	1
Japan	Asia	1	1
Jerusalem[lower-alpha 13]	Asia	1	1
Kenya	Africa	1	1
South Korea	Asia	2	1
Laos	Asia	1	0
Latvia	Europe	1	0
Lebanon	Asia	1	0
Lithuania	Europe	2	0
Luxembourg	Europe	1	1
Madagascar	Africa	1	1
Malaysia	Asia	1	1
Mali	Africa	1	0
Malta	Europe	1	1
Mauritius	Africa	1	0
Mexico	North America	6	2
Mongolia	Asia	1	1
Morocco	Africa	1	1
Mozambique	Africa	1	0
Myanmar	Asia	1	1
Netherlands	Europe	1	1
New Zealand	Oceania	1	1
Nicaragua	North America	1	1
Nigeria	Africa	4	1
Pakistan	Asia	1	1
Panama	North America	1	0
Paraguay	South America	1	1
Papua New Guinea	Oceania	1	1
Peru	South America	2	0
Philippines	Asia	4	2
Poland	Europe	5	4
Portugal	Europe	6	4
Romania	Europe	1	0
Rwanda	Africa	1	1
Senegal	Africa	1	0
Singapore	Asia	1	1
Slovenia	Europe	1	0
South Africa	Africa	2	1
South Sudan	Africa	1	1
Spain	Europe	14	7
Sri Lanka	Asia	1	1
Sudan	Africa	1	0
Sweden	Europe	1	1
Switzerland	Europe	2	2
Tanzania	Africa	2	1
Thailand	Asia	2	1
Tonga	Oceania	1	1
Uganda	Africa	1	0
United Kingdom	Europe	3	2
United States	North America	17	10
Uruguay	South America	1	1
Venezuela	South America	2	0
Vietnam	Asia	2	0
Total		233	121

See also

• Cardinals created by John Paul II
• Cardinals created by Benedict XVI
• Cardinals created by Francis
• Cardinal electors in the 2013 papal conclave
• Council of Cardinals
• List of creations of cardinals
• Suburbicarian diocese
• Titular church (List of titular churches)

Notes

1. The dean of the College of Cardinals holds the title of the Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia ex officio, in addition to his original one when first appointed a cardinal bishop.^[1][10][11]
2. Among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal bishop, the senior cardinal priest, the senior cardinal deacon and the junior cardinal deacon have specific roles in a papal conclave, such as presiding over the conclave itself (the senior cardinal bishop) or announcing the election of the pope (the senior cardinal deacon).^[3]
3. Schönborn was born in Czechoslovakia (in what is now the Czech Republic). He moved to Austria as a child, and has served as a bishop there since 1991.
4. Pujats was originally created a cardinal in pectore and formally revealed on 21 February 2001.
5. Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China.
6. Brady's territorial jurisdiction as Archbishop of Armagh included a part of the United Kingdom.
7. The Holy See's documentation gives Njue's date of birth as 1 January 1946, though for many years it said he was "born in 1944"^[87] and used 31 December 1944 as his birthdate on its list of cardinal electors.^[88] The change occurred sometime after 5 January 2024.^[89]
8. Ezzati was born in Italy. He emigrated to Chile as a young man and was ordained and served as a bishop there from 1996 to 2019.
9. Lacunza Maestrojuán was born in Spain. He served as a bishop in Panama from 1985 to 2024.
10. Lopez was born in Spain. He has served as a bishop in Morocco since 2017.
11. Aós Braco was born in Spain. He served as a bishop in Chile from 2014 to 2023.
12. Marengo was born in Italy. He has served as apostolic prefect in Mongolia since 2020.
13. The jurisdiction of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem, based in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in the Old City of Jerusalem in East Jerusalem, is multi-national, encompassing Cyprus, Jordan, Israel and Palestine. The Holy See, in its statistical report of the College of Cardinals, lists "Jerusalem" as Pizzaballa's country.^[259] He was born in Italy. He has served as apostolic administrator and patriarch in the Custody of the Holy Land since 2016.
14. Bustillo was born in Spain. He has served as a bishop in France since 2021.
15. Farrell was born in Ireland. He was incardinated as a priest in the United States in 1984 and served as a bishop there from 2001 to 2016.
16. Granted dispensation not to receive episcopal consecration
17. Becciu resigned the rights and privileges of a cardinal on 24 September 2020, making him ineligible to participate in a conclave as an elector.^[227][228]
18. Czerny was born in Czechoslovakia (in what is now the Czech Republic). He moved to Canada as a child, and has served there and in the Roman Curia.
19. Vesco was born in France. He has served as a bishop in Algeria since 2012.
20. Mathieu was born in Belgium. He has served as a bishop in Iran since 2021.
21. Bychok was born in Ukraine. He has served as a bishop in Australia since 2020.

---

1. Originally created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 1 October 2002^[17]
2. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 19 May 2018 and co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
3. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 29 January 1996 and appointed a cardinal bishop on 25 April 2005
4. Originally created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 10 May 2008
5. Originally created a cardinal deacon; appointed a cardinal bishop on 24 February 2009
6. Originally created a cardinal priest; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
7. Originally created a cardinal deacon; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
8. Originally created a cardinal deacon; appointed a cardinal bishop on 1 May 2020
9. Originally created a cardinal priest; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 1 May 2020
10. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 29 January 1996
11. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 1 March 2008
12. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 20 May 2006
13. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 21 February 2011
14. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 12 June 2014
15. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 20 June 2016
16. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 19 May 2018
17. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 3 May 2021
18. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 4 March 2022
19. Originally created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 1 July 2024

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External links

• Media related to Cardinals at Wikimedia Commons
• Holy See Press Office, The College of Cardinals
• GCatholic.org, College of Cardinals