List of new religious movements

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A new religious movement (NRM) is a religious or spiritual group or community with practices of relatively modern[1] origins. NRMs may be novel in origin or they may exist on the fringes of a wider religion, in which case they will be distinct from pre-existing denominations. Academics identify a variety of characteristics which they employ in categorizing groups as new religious movements. The term is broad and inclusive, rather than sharply defined. New religious movements are generally seen as syncretic, employing human and material assets to disseminate their ideas and worldviews, deviating in some degree from a society's traditional forms or doctrines, focused especially upon the self, and having a peripheral relationship that exists in a state of tension with established societal conventions.[2]:29[3][4]

A NRM may be one of a wide range of movements ranging from those with loose affiliations based on novel approaches to spirituality or religion to communitarian enterprises that demand a considerable amount of group conformity and a social identity that separates their adherents from mainstream society. Use of the term NRM is not universally accepted among the groups to which it is applied.[5] Scholars have estimated that NRMs now number in the tens of thousands worldwide. Most have only a few members, some have thousands, and very few have more than a million.[6]:17 Academics occasionally propose amendments to technical definitions and continue to add new groups.[2]:vii–xv

List

More information Name, Founder ...
List of new religious movements
Name Founder Founded Type References
3HOHarbhajan Singh Khalsa
1969
Sikh[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:131
Adidam, previously the Free Daist Communion, Dawn Horse Fellowship, etc.Adi Da
1972
Neo-Hindu-inspired[Clarke 2006]:2–3 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:6–7 [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:146,6–7 [Lewis 1998]:25–28
Adonai-ShomoFrederick T. Howland
1861
Adventist
Communalist
[Melton 2003]:707 [Lewis 1998]:28
AdonismFranz Sättler
1925
Modern Pagan[7]:4
Adventures in Enlightenment, A FoundationTerry Cole-Whittaker
1985
Religious Science[Lewis 1998]:28–29
Aetherius SocietyGeorge King
1954
UFO-Christian[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:3 [Lewis 1998]:29–31[8]:25–26
The African ChurchJacob Kehinde Coker
1901
Anglican[Chryssides 2001]:26[9]
African initiated churchesMultiple
1800s
Syncretic Christian-Indigenous[Chryssides 2001]:26–27
African Theological Archministry, previously the Order of Damballah Hwedo Ancestor Priests, Shango Temple, and Yoruba TempleWalter Eugene King
1973
Afro-American
West African Vodun
[Melton 2003]:934 [Lewis 1998]:31
Agasha Temple of WisdomRichard Zenor
1943
Spiritualism[Melton 2003]:764 [Lewis 1998]:32
Agni Yoga (Roerichism)Helena Roerich & Nicholas Roerich
1920
Neo-Theosophical[Melton 2003]:876 [Lewis 1998]:32 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:16–17 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:6
Ahmadi Religion of Peace and LightAbdullah Hashem
2015
Shia Islam
Millenarianism
[Introvigne & Kotkowska 2024]
AhmadiyyaMirza Ghulam Ahmad
1889
Messianic Islam[Lewis 1998]:32–33 [Chryssides 2001]:27–28 [Melton 2003]:985 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:6
Aiyy Faith, previously Kut-Siur:62Lazar Afanasyev (a.k.a. Téris)
1990
Modern Pagan
Neo-Tengrist
[10]:62[10]:57
AladuraJosiah Ositelu
1930
Pentecostal[Melton 2003][Chryssides 2001]:28–29, 517 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:7
Alamo Christian Foundation, a.k.a. Alamo Christian Church, Consecrated, Alamo Christian Ministries, and Music Square ChurchTony Alamo & Susan Alamo
1969
Fundamentalist Christianity
Communalist
[Lewis 1998]:33–34 [Chryssides 2001]:29 [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:13 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:7
AltruriaEdward Biron Payne
1894
Christian
Communal
[Melton 2003]:707 [Lewis 1998]:34–35
American Buddhist Movement
1980
Western Buddhism[Melton 2003]:1116 [Lewis 1998]:35–36
American Buddhist Society and Fellowship, Inc.Robert Ernest Dickhoff
1945
Tibetan Buddhism[Melton 2003]:1102 [Lewis 1998]:36
American World PatriarchsUladyslau Ryzy-Ryski
1972
Eastern Orthodox[Melton 2003]:309 [Lewis 1998]:37–38
Amica Temple of RadianceIvah Berg Whitten
1932
Neo-Theosophical[Melton 2003]:876 [Lewis 1998]:38
Ananda AshramaParamananda
1923
Neo-Hindu
Neo-Vedanta
[Jones & Ryan 2007]:29–30
Ananda MargaPrabhat Ranjan Sarkar
1955
Neo-Hindu
Tantric
[Melton 2003]:1001 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:30–31 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:11 [Lewis 1998]:41 [Chryssides 2001]:30–31[11]:370
Ananda movement, including Ananda World Brotherhood Colonies and Ananda Church of Self-RealizationKriyananda
1968
Neo-Hindu
Self-Realization Fellowship
[Jones & Ryan 2007]:33–34
Shree Shree Anandamayee SanghaAnandamayi Ma
1920s
Neo-Hindu[Jones & Ryan 2007]:32
Ancient British Church in North AmericaJonathan V. Zotique
1976
LGBTQ-oriented Christianity
Progressive Christianity
[Melton 2003]:1142 [Lewis 1998]:43
Ancient Mystical Order Rosae CrucisH. Spencer Lewis
1915
Rosicrucianism[Lewis 1998]:42–43 [Chryssides 2001]:31 [Melton 2003]:841 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:11
Ancient Teachings of the Masters (ATOM)Darwin Gross
1983
Sant Mat
Eckankar
[Melton 2003]:1054 [Clarke 2006]:32–33, 508 [Lewis 1998]:43
Anglo-Saxon Federation of AmericaHoward B. Rand
1928
British Israelism[Melton 2003]:651 [Lewis 1998]:43–44 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:13
Ansaaru Allah CommunityDwight York (a.k.a. As Siddid Al Imaan Al Haahi Al Mahdi)
late 1960s
Black Islam[Melton 2003]:986–987, 986–987 [Lewis 1998]:44
Ant Hill Kids, a.k.a. Holy Moses Mountain FamilyRoch Thériault
1977
Seventh-day Adventist[12][13]
Anthroposophy (Anthroposophical Society)Rudolf Steiner
1912
Western esotericism[Chryssides 2001]:33–34 [Lewis 1998]:44–47 [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:20[14]:41
Antiochian Catholic Church in AmericaGordon Mar Peter
1980s
Independent Catholicism
Monophysitism
[Melton 2003]:241 [Lewis 1998]:47
AntoinismLouis-Joseph Antoine
1910
Christianity
Faith healing
[Beit-Hallahmi 1992]
Apostles of Infinite Love, a.k.a. the Order of Magnificat of the Mother of GodMichel Collin & Jean-Gaston Tremblay
1961
Catholic[15]
Apostolic Christian Church (Nazarean)Samuel Heinrich Froehlich
1906
European Free church[Melton 2003]:548 [Lewis 1998]:47–48
Apostolic Christian Church of America
1830
Apostolic ChurchDaniel Powell Williams
1916
Pentecostal[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:23 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:15
Apostolic Church of Christ (Pentecostal)Johnnie Draft & Wallace Snow
1969
Oneness Pentecostalism[Melton 2003]:464 [Lewis 1998]:48
Apostolic Overcoming Holy Church of GodWilliam Thomas Phillips
1920
[Melton 2003]:465 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:16
Arcane School, a.k.a. Lucis TrustFoster & Alice Bailey
1923 or 1937
Neo-Theosophical[Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:172–173[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:217[Chryssides 2001]:38[Melton 2003]:857
Arica SchoolOscar Ichazo
1968
Sufism[Melton 2003]:971 [Chryssides 2001]:38–39 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:17
Art of Living Foundation, a.k.a. the Association for Inner Growth and "Ved Vignan Maha Vidya Preeth"Ravi Shankar
1981/1982
Neo-Hindu[Jones & Ryan 2007]:45–46 [Melton 2003]:1004
Arya SamajDayananda Saraswati
1875
[Melton 2003]:1004 [Chryssides 2001]:40–41 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:45–46 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:18
Aryan Nations, a.k.a. the Church of Jesus Christ–ChristianWesley Swift
late 1940s
British Israelism[Melton 2003]:654 [Chryssides 2001]:91
Asatru Folk AssemblyStephen McNallen
1970s
Modern Pagan
Polytheistic reconstructionism
Heathenry
[16]
Assemblies of Godmerger
1914
Pentecostalism[17]:106 [Chryssides 2001]:41–42 [Clarke 2006]:48[17]:106
Assemblies of the Lord Jesus Christ
1952
Oneness Pentecostalism[Melton 2003]:466 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:18
Assembly of Christian SoldiersJessie L. Thrift
1971
Christian Identity
Ku Klux Klan
[Melton 2003]:1131 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:21
Assembly of ManFranklin Merrell-Wolff
1928
Eastern and Western esotericism[18]
Association for Research and EnlightenmentEdgar Cayce
1931
Occult[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:31 [Chryssides 2001]:42–43 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:21
Association of Vineyard Churches, a.k.a. the Vineyard MovementJohn Wimber
1982
Neo-charismatic
Trinitarian Pentecostal
[Melton 2003]:446 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:316
AumismGilbert Bourdin
1969
Syncretic esotericism-Hinduism[19]:217[19]:222,218[19]:215
Aum Shinrikyo, a.k.a. AlephShoko Asahara
1987
Japanese
Japanese Buddhism
[Melton 2003]:1073[20] [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:23 [Chryssides 2001]:44–45[21]
Ausar Auset SocietyR.A. Straughn
mid-1970s
Rosicrucianism[Melton 2003]:842 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:24
Azalism, a.k.a. Azali BabismSubh-i-Azal
1863
Babism[22]:246
BábismAli Muhammad Shirazi (a.k.a. the Báb)
1844
Shia Islam
Millenarianism
[23] [Lewis 1998]:58[23][24]:180
Baháʼí FaithBahá'u'lláh (Mírzá Ḥusayn-'Alí Nuri)
1863
Millenarian Babism[Chryssides 2001]:48–49 [Clarke 2006]:58–56 [Melton 2003]:992 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:25–26 [Miller 1995]:243–248
Bawa Muhaiyaddeen FellowshipBawa Muhaiyaddeen
1971
Sufism[Melton 2003]:972 [Chryssides 2001]:50–51
Bethel Ministerial AssociationAlbert Franklin Varnell
1934
Oneness Pentecostalism[Melton 2003]:466 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:32
Bible Presbyterian ChurchCarl McIntire
1938
Reformed Presbyterian[Melton 2003]:370 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:33
Bible Way Church of Our Lord Jesus Christschism
1957
Oneness Pentecostalism[Melton 2003]:466 [Lewis 1998]:77 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:34
BiosophyIgnaz Paul Vitalis Troxler, F. W. J. Schelling
1806
[25][26]
Blackburn Cult, a.k.a. the Divine Order of the Royal Arms of the Great ElevenMay Otis Blackburn
1922
Modern Pagan
New Thought
[27]:1[27]:35
Brahma KumarisDada Lekhraj
1936/1937
Neo-Hindu[Chryssides 2001]:56–57[28] [Melton 2003]:1006 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:89–91 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:37
Brahmo Samaj, a.k.a. Adi DharmRam Mohan Roy
1828
Neo-Hindu
Unitarian Universalism
[Jones & Ryan 2007]:92–93[29]:1:1028–30,93[30]
Brahmoism (a.k.a. Brahmo Dharma)Debendranath Tagore
1848 or 1850
[30]:43–57
Branch DavidiansBenjamin Roden
1930
Seventh-day Adventist
Shepherd's Rod
[Melton 2003]:617 [Chryssides 2001]:59 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:38
BranhamismWilliam M. Branham
1951
Oneness Pentecostalism[Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006]:37–40
Inedia, a.k.a. BreatharianismWiley Brooks
1970s
Hinduism-influenced[Chryssides 2001]:60–61[31]:30
The Brethren (Jim Roberts group), a.k.a. The Body of Christ and The Garbage EatersJimmie T. Roberts
c.1970
Unclassified Christianity[Melton 2003]:1131–1132
British Israelism, a.k.a. Anglo-Israelism
1870s
[Chryssides 2001]:61–62 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:39–40
Brotherhood of the Golden Arrow (defunct)Maria de Naglowska
1932
Occult
Western esotericism
Satanism
[32]
Bruderhof, a.k.a. the Hutterian Brethren and Hutterian Society of BrothersEberhard Arnold
c.1920
Communalist[Melton 2003]:709 [Chryssides 2001]:63–64[33]:709
Brunstad Christian ChurchJohan Oscar Smith
1905
Evangelical
nondenominational Christianity
[34] [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:269–270[34]
Builders of the AdytumPaul Foster Case
1922
Ritual magic[Melton 2003]:891 [Chryssides 2001]:67–68 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:41–42
Burkhanism or Ak JangChet Chelpan; Chugul Sarok Chandyk
1904
Altaian Millenarian-Indigenist
Tengrist
[35]
Cao Dai, a.k.a. Dai Dao Tam Ky Pho DoNgô Văn Chiêu & Lê Văn Trung
1919
Syncretistic
Vietnamese millenarianism
[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:61 [Chryssides 2001]:69–70 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:44
Cargo cults
1885
Syncretistic
Millenarian-Indigenist
[Chryssides 2001]:70 [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:62 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:45
Carlebach movementShlomo Carlebach
late 1960s
Neo-Hasidic Rabbinic Judaism[29]:7:4868–74
Celestial Church of ChristSamuel Oshoffa
1947
Indigenist
Pentecostal
[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:64 [Chryssides 2001]:73
The Centers Network1981[Chryssides 2001]:73–74
Chabad, a.k.a. Chabad-LubavitchShneur Zalman of Liadi
1775
Hasidic Rabbinic Judaism[Chryssides 2001]:70 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:206,368
Charismatic Movement, a.k.a. neo-Pentecostalism
1950s–1960s
Charismatic Christianity[Clarke 2006]:106–108[36] [Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006]:70 [Chryssides 2001]:78
Chen Tao, a.k.a. God's Salvation Church and God Saves the Earth Flying Saucer FoundationHon-Ming Chen
1955
UFO religion[Chryssides 2001]:78–79[37]
Cheondoism, a.k.a. ChendogyoChoe Je-u
1905
[Chryssides 2001]:80–81
Cherubim and Seraphim, a.k.a. the Sacred Cherubim and Seraphim Society and Eternal Sacred Order of Cherubim and SeraphimMoses Orimolade Tunolase
c.1925
African Pentecostal[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:65 [Chryssides 2001]:79
Children of ThunderGlenn Helzer
2000
Latter-day Saint Movement[38]
Christ Apostolic ChurchJoseph Ayo Babalola
1941
Pentecostal[Melton 2003]:479 [Chryssides 2001]:82–83
Christadelphians, a.k.a. ThomasitesJohn Thomas
1844
Baptist
Restorationism
[Chryssides 2001]:81–82 [Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006]:48 [Melton 2003]:107 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:50
The Christian Community, a.k.a. the Christian Community Church and ChristengemeinschaftRudolf Steiner
Friedrich Rittelmeyer
1922
Anthroposophy[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:70 [Chryssides 2001]:83
Christian Identity, a.k.a. the Identity Movement
1870s
1940s
British Israelism[Melton 2003]:652[39]:48 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:138 [Chryssides 2001]:84 [Clarke 2006]:291–92[40]:387
Christian Reformed Church in North AmericaGijsbert Haan
1857
Reformed Presbyterian[Melton 2003]:365 [Chryssides 2001]:86
Christian Science, a.k.a. Church of Christ, ScientistMary Baker Eddy
1876
Christianity
Faith healing
New Thought
[Chryssides 2001]:86–87. [Melton 2003]:741[41]
Christian World Liberation Front, a.k.a. the Spiritual Counterfeits ProjectJack Sparks, Fred Dyson, & Pat Matrisciana
1969
Fundamentalist Christianity
Millenarianism
[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:76 [Chryssides 2001]:87–88
Church of All WorldsTim Zell & Lance Christie
1962
Witchcraft
Modern Pagan
[Melton 2003]:909 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:58 [Chryssides 2001]:88–89
Church of Aphrodite (defunct)Gleb Botkin
1938
Modern Pagan
Goddess movement
[Melton 2003]:911 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:58
Church of Bible UnderstandingStewart Traill
1971
Adventism
Fundamentalist Christianity
[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:79 [Chryssides 2001]:89–90 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:59
Church of EuthanasiaChris Korda & Robert Kimberk
1992
Parody religion[42]
Church of Daniel's Band
1893
Non-Episcopal Methodism[Melton 2003]:395 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:61
Church of Divine ScienceMalinda Cramer
1888
New Thought
Faith healing
[Miller 1995]:326
Church of God in ChristCharles Harrison Mason
1908
Pentecostal[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:85 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:62
The Church of God (Jerusalem Acres)Grady R. Kent
1957
White Trinitarian
Holiness movement
Pentecostal
[Melton 2003]:437 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:62
Church of God Mountain AssemblyJ.H. Parks, Steve N. Bryant, Tom Moses and William O. Douglas
1906
[Melton 2003]:437 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:63, 65
Church of God of ProphecyAmbrose Tomlinson
1903
[Melton 2003]:438 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:62–63
Church of God with Signs FollowingGeorge Went Hensley
1920s
Holiness-Pentecostal[Melton 2003]:489 [Chryssides 2006]:300–301
Church of IsraelDan Gayman
1974
British Israelism[Melton 2003]:653 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:65
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsJoseph Smith
1830
Latter-day Saint movement-Millenarian
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite)Joseph Smith
James Strang
1844
Latter-day Saint movement[43]
The Church of LightC.C. Zain
1932
neo-Hermetism[Lewis 1998]:210–211[44]:105–106
Church of SatanAnton LaVey
1966
Satanic[Clarke 2006]:508–509 [Chryssides 2001]:91–92 [Miller 1995]:401–410
Church of the SubGeniusJ.R. "Bob" Dobbs
1979
Parody
Church of the CreatorGrace Marama URI
1969
Liberal family[Melton 2003]:668
Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster or PastafarianismBobby Henderson
2005
Parody[45][46]
Church of the Living Word, a.k.a. The WalkJohn Robert Stevens
1954
Fundamentalist
Occult
[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:386 [Chryssides 2001]:92–93
Church of the Lord (Aladura)Josiah Ositelu
1930
Pentecostal Family[Melton 2003]:517 [Chryssides 2001]:93
Church of World MessianityMokichi Okada
1934
Shinto
Faith healing
[Melton 2003]:1120 [Chryssides 2001]:94 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:94, 371
Church Universal and TriumphantMark Prophet, Elizabeth Clare (Wolf) Prophet
1958
Theosophical
Occult
[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:97 [Chryssides 2001]:94–95 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:281
Collegiate Association for the Research of Principles, also known as CARPSun Myung Moon
1955
Unification Church[47] [Chryssides 2001]:71[48]
Commandment Keepers: Holy Church of the Living GodArnold Josiah Ford
1924
Black Judaism[Melton 2003]:951 [Lewis 1998]:180 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:74
Community Chapel and Bible Training CenterDonald Lee Barnett
1967
Latter Rain
Pentecostal
[Melton 2003]:496 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:75
Concerned ChristiansMonte Kim Miller
1980s
[Chryssides 2001]:96[49]
Conservative JudaismSabato Morais, Marcus Jastrow, H. Pereira Mendes
1887
Rabbinic Judaism[Melton 2003]:943 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:76 [Chryssides 2001]:97
Core Shamanism, The Foundation for Shamanic StudiesMichael Harner
1980
Neoshamanism[Clarke 2006]:580[50]
Covenant of the Goddessmerger
1975
Goddess
Neopagan witchcraft
Modern Pagan
Wiccan
[Melton 2003]:915 [Chryssides 2001]:48–49 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:98[51]
Covenant of Unitarian Universalist PagansMargot Adler
1987
Neopagan witchcraft
Modern Pagan
[Melton 2003]:915 [Chryssides 2001]:99 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:99
The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the LordJames D. Ellison
1970s, mid
British Israelism[Chryssides 2001]:99–100 [Melton 2003]:654 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:78
CreativityBen Klassen
1970s, early
Pantheism,
Agnostic Atheism,
White Racialism
[52]
Crossroads Movement
1970s
[Chryssides 2006]:100 [Chryssides 2001]:100
Cyberchurches
2000s, early
Non-denominational Christian[Chryssides 2001]:103
Dalit Buddhist Movement, a.k.a. Navayana BuddhismB.R. Ambedkar
1956
Neo-Buddhism[53] [54]
Dances of Universal PeaceSamuel L. Lewis
1968
[55]
Diamond WayOle Nydahl
1972
Tibetan Buddhism, New Age,[56][57]
Dianic Wiccamerger
1971
Neopagan witchcraft
Modern Pagan
Goddess
Wiccan
[Melton 2003]:916 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:84
DiscordianismGreg Hill, Kerry Wendell Thornley
1963
Absurdism
Greek Mythology
[58]
Eastern Lightning, a.k.a. the Church of Almighty GodYang Xiangbin, Zhao Weishan
1991
Chinese house churches[59]:97[60]:71[61]:96[59][60]:1
Eckankar or ECKPaul Twitchell
1965/1971
Derived from Radha Soami, but denies connection[Clarke 2006]:178–79 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:144–146, 384 [Melton 2003]:1056, 144, 384, 144, 508 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:91
Efficacious Spirit Teachings, a.k.a. Spirit Church and The Lingling SectHua Xuehe
1986
Pentecostalism[62]:43[63]:123[62]:42[64]:43
Elan Vital, formerly Divine Light MissionHans Ji Maharaj
1920s
Derived from Sant Mat, but denies connection[Melton 2003]:1055 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:384 [Clarke 2006]:508 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:85–86, 167[28]:126[65]:156
EminRaymond Armin
1971
New Age
End Time Survivors Jesus ChristiansDavid McKay1981Fundamentalist Millennialism[66][67]
Esoteric Nazism
1940s, late
Occult
Western esotericism
[14][68]:17
Est (Erhard Seminars Training)Werner Erhard
1981
Human Potential Movement
Self religions
[69][70]:193[71][72]:167,171–172[6]:35[73] [Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006]:108, 107–108[2]:44[28]:126–127
Evangelical Association of the Israelite Mission of the New Universal CovenantEzequiel Ataucusi Gamonal
1968
Syncretistic Messianic Judaism-Indigenist[74]
Evangelical Methodist ChurchJ.H. Hamblen
1946
Non-Episcopal Methodist[Melton 2003]:396 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:97
Falun GongLi Hongzhi
1992
Qigong movement[Melton 2003]:1126[75]
The Family, a.k.a. Santiniketan Park Association & Great White BrotherhoodAnne Hamilton-Byrne
1963
New Age[76]
Family International, previously the Children of God, the Family of Love and the FamilyDavid Berg
1968
Fundamentalist, Jesus movement,
countercultural
evangelical
[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:133 [Clarke 2006]:185[77][28]:126[77]
Fellowship of IsisOlivia Robertson
1976
Modern Pagan
Goddess
[Melton 2003]:888 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:103
Fellowships of the RemnantDenver Snuffer Jr.
2013
Latter-day Saint Movement
FeraferiaFrederick Adams
1967
Modern Pagan
Goddess
[78]
Feri TraditionVictor Henry Anderson, Cora Anderson
1960, circa
Goddess
Neopagan witchcraft
Modern Pagan
Wiccan
[79]
Findhorn FoundationEileen Caddy, Peter Caddy, Alexis Edwards, Roger Benson
1963
Christian-Anthroposophistical-Rosicrucian[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:138 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:104
Fire Baptized Holiness Church of God of the AmericasW.E. Fuller
1898
Black Trinitarian Pentecostal[Melton 2003]:482 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:104
First Satanic ChurchKarla LaVey
1997
Satanic[80]:701
Followers of ChristMarion Reece (or Riess)
1800s, late
Unclassified Pentecostal[Melton 2003]:1137[81]
Fourth WayGeorge Gurdjieff
1913–1916
Esoteric
Esoteric Sufism
[Clarke 2006]:245–47[14]:42 [Miller 1995]:259–266
Fraternitas Rosae CrucisPaschal Beverly Randolph
1858
Rosicrucianism[Melton 2003]:843 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:108
Fraternity of the Inner LightDion Fortune
1924
neo-Hermeticism
Esoteric Christianity
[Clarke 2006]:217–219
Freedomites
1902
[Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:272
Fundamentalist Christianity
1800s, late
Christian[Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:113–114
Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day SaintsLorin C. Woolley
1929
Latter-day Saint Movement[82]
General Church of the New Jerusalemschism
1890
Swedenborgianism[Melton 2003]:763 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:117
The Genesis II Church of Health and HealingJim Humble
2009/2010
UFO-New Age inspired
Pseudoscience
[83][84][85][86]
Gentle Wind ProjectJohn "Tubby" Miller and Mary "Moe" Miller
1980
Spiritualism[87]
Ghost DanceWovoka
1889
Native American
Indigenist
Fundamentalist
[88] [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:119
Global Peace FoundationHyun Jin Moon
2007
Unification Church[89][90]
Goddess movement
1960s,late
Modern Pagan[Clarke 2006]:240–42 [91]
Godianism, a.k.a. ChiismK.O.K. Onyioha
1949
African Indigenist Modern Pagan[Clarke 2006]:242–43
Grail MovementOskar Ernst Bernhardt
1924
Syncretistic Christian
New Age
Channeling
[Melton 2003]:786 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:122–123
Hanuman FoundationRichard Alpert (Ram Dass)
1974/1980
Neo-Hindu[Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006]:51 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:178 [Melton 2003]:1013 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:129
Happy Science (Kofuku-no-Kagaku)Ryuho Okawa
1986
Japanese[92]
Heaven's Gate formerly Human Individual Metamorphosis and Total Overcomers AnonymousMarshall Herff Applewhite,
Bonnie Lu Nettles
1973
Syncretistic Christian
New Age
UFO religion
[93][94]:17[93][95]:71
Hikari no WaFumihiro Joyu
2007
Aum Shinrikyo[96]:29
Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and PhilosophySwami Rama
1971
Hindu[Melton 2003]:1014 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:183–184 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:133
House of IsraelDavid Hill a.k.a. Rabbi Edward Washington
1972
Black Hebrew Israelites[97]
Humanistic JudaismSherwin Wine
1965
Nontheistic Rabbinic Judaism[Clarke 2006]:288–89
Human Sacrifices Sect of NacozariSilvia Meraz
2009
Santa Muerte[98]
HunaMax Freedom Long
1936
New Thought
New Age
Hawaiian religion
[Lewis 1998]:406–407
I AM ActivityGuy Ballard, Edna Anne Wheeler Ballard
1930s, early
Neo-Theosophical[Melton 2003]:873 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:138
Iglesia ni CristoFelix Manalo
1913, formally 1914
Restorationism
Nontrinitarian
Fundamentalist
[Clarke 2006]:292–93
Independent Fundamental Churches of AmericaR. Lee Kirkland
1922
Unaffiliated Fundamentalist[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:179 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:142
Indian Shaker ChurchJohn and Marry Slocum
1881
Native American and Christian[88]
Insight Meditation SocietyJack Kornfield, Sharon Salzberg, Joseph Goldstein
1976
Theravada[Melton 2003]:1067 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:143
International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), a.k.a. Hare Krishna movementA.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
1966
Hindu[Jones & Ryan 2007]:199
International House of Prayer, a.k.a. IHOP or IHOPKCMike Bickle
1999
Charismatic Movement
Post-tribulational
Historic premillennialism
International Church of the Foursquare GospelAimee Semple McPherson
1923
White Trinitarian Pentecostal[Melton 2003]:451 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:108
International Community of Christ, a.k.a. Church of the Second Advent (CSA) and JamiliansEugene Douglas Savoy
1972
New Age[Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006]:139
IriadamantPierre Doris Maltais
1973
Animism
Native American
Spiritual ecology
[99]
Isha FoundationJaggi Vasudev
1992
Hindu[100]
ISKCON Revival Movement (IRM) ?
2000
Neo-Hindu
ISKCON
[Jones & Ryan 2007]
Ivanovism (the Ivanovites)Porfiry Ivanov
1933
Syncretistic
Modern Pagan
Slavic Native Faith
[101]:128–145
Jediism
2000s
Star Wars-inspired
New Age
[102]:62[102]:62
Jehovah's WitnessesCharles Taze Russell
1870
Adventist
Bible Students
Nontrinitarian
[Melton 2003]:637 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:150, 152–153
Jesus Army, a.k.a. "Jesus Fellowship Church" and "Bugbrooke Jesus Fellowship"Noel Stanton
1977
Fundamentalist
Communal
[11]:149–163 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:153
Jesus Movement
1960s, late
Fundamentalist[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:196 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:153[103]
Jewish RenewalZalman Schachter-Shalomi
1970s, mid
Neo-Hasidic Rabbinic Judaism
Syncretistic
[29]:7:4868–74
Jews for JesusMoishe Rosen
1970
Fundamentalist
Messianic Judaism
[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:197 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:155
John Frum
1936
Syncretistic
Millenarian
Kabbalah CentrePhilip Berg
1970s
Kabbalist
New Age
[Clarke 2006]:322–23
Karma Triyana Dharmachakrathe 16th Gyalwa Karmapa
1976
Tibetan Buddhism[Melton 2003]:1108 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:157–158.
Keetoowah SocietyRedbird Smith (co-founder)
1858
Native American
Indigenist
[88]
Kemetic OrthodoxyTamara Siuda
1988
Modern Pagan
Polytheistic reconstructionism
Kemetic
[104]
KeristaJohn Presmont
1956
Communal—After 1960[Melton 2003]:730 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:158
KopimismIsak Gerson
2012
Internet religion
KonkokyoBunjirō Kawate
1859
Japanese
Shinto
[Melton 2003]:1122 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:161
Krishnamurti FoundationsJiddu Krishnamurti
1928
Neo-Theosophical
Universalism
[105]
Kripalu Center (Kirpalu)Amrit Desai
1966
Hindu[Melton 2003]:1019 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:161
Lama FoundationSteve Durkee
1967
Communal[Melton 2003]:731 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:164
Latter Day Saint movement (Mormonism)Joseph Smith
1830
Christian restorationism[Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006]:187 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:190, 192
Latter Rain MovementGeorge Hawtin, Percy Hunt
1946
Millenarian Pentecostal[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:209 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:165
Laymen's Home Missionary MovementPaul S.L. Johnson
1920, circa
Adventist
Bible Students
[Melton 2003]:639 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:165
Lectorium RosicrucianumJan van Rijckenborgh; Zwier Willem Leene; Catharose de Petri
1924
Rosicrucianism[Clarke 2006]:338–339 [Melton 2003]:844 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:165–166
The Living Word FellowshipJohn Robert Stevens
1951
Latter Rain Pentecostal[Melton 2003]:506[106]
Local Church movementNi Shu-tsu (Watchman Nee)
1920s
Independent Fundamentalist
Bible Students
[Melton 2003]:609–610 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:169,171
Longhouse ReligionHandsome Lake alias Sganyodaiyoˀ
1797
Native American
Indigenist
[88]
Love Family, a.k.a. the Church of Jesus Christ at Armageddon and Love IsraelPaul Erdman
1969
Communal[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:216 [Chryssides 2001]:90–91
Love Has WonAmy Carlson
2005, circa
New Age[107][108]
Lumpa ChurchAlice Lenshina
1953
African initiated church[109]
MahikariKotama Okada
1959
Shinto[Melton 2003]:1123 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:176
Makasol (Wind Nation), a.k.a. Paliau movementPaliau Maloat
1970s, circa
Papuan Indigenist
Millenarian
countercultural
[Clarke 2006]:482–85
Manson FamilyCharles Manson
1967
Millenarianism[110]
Maranatha Campus MinistriesBob Weiner
1972
Pentecostal[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:223 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:178
Martinus' Spiritual ScienceMartinus Thomsen
1932
Esoteric[111][112][113]
Mata Amritanandamayi MathMata Amritanandamayi
1981
Neo-Hindu[Clarke 2006]:31–32 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:26–27
MazdaznanOtoman Zar-Adusht Ha'nish
1902
Zoroastrianism[Melton 2003]:991 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:181
Meher Baba followersMerwan Sheriar Irani
1921
Hindu-inspired[Melton 2003]:991[65]
Mespilism
2000s
Buddhism, Paganism, New Age, Syncretism, Humanism[114]
Messianic Judaism
1960s
Judeo-Christian[Clarke 2006]:397–99, 399 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:184
Million Man MarchLouis Farrakhan
1995
Nation of Islam[115]:245
Mita CongregationJuanita García Peraza
1940
Deliverance Pentecostal[Melton 2003]:462 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:186
Modekngei (Ngara Modekngei)Tamadad from Chol
1915, circa
Syncretistic Christian-Indigenous[116]
Monastic Order of AvallonHenri Hillion de Coatmoc'han
1972
Modern Pagan[117]
Moody ChurchDwight L. Moody
1864
Fundamentalist
Evangelical
[Melton 2003]:602 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:186
Moorish Science Temple of AmericaTimothy Drew
1925
Black Islam[Melton 2003]:988 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:186, 188
Moral Re-ArmamentFrank N.D. Buchman
1921
[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:233 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:188, 190
Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of GodCredonia Mwerinde, Joseph Kibweteere
1989
Catholicism[118]:209[118]:203[118]:213,206
Movement of Spiritual Inner AwarenessJohn-Roger Hinkins
1971
Syncretistic
Sant Mat and Eckankar-influenced
[Jones & Ryan 2007]:384 [Clarke 2006]:412, 412–14 [Melton 2003]:1054 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:194
NamdhariBalak Singh
1800s, mid
Sikh[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:243 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:196
NarcosatánicosAdolfo Constanzo
1985
Palo[119]
Nation of IslamElijah Muhammad
1930s, mid
Black Islam
UFO religion
[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:245[120]
Nation of YahwehHulon Mitchell, Jr.
1970s
Black Judaism[Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:200 [Melton 2003]:952–953[121]:217
National Spiritualist Association of ChurchesHarrison D. Barrett, James M. Peebles, Cora L. Richmond
1893
Spiritualism[Melton 2003]:772 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:197
Native American Church, a.k.a. PeyotismQuanah Parker
1800–19th century
Native American
Indigenist Entheogen groups
[88] [Melton 2003]:809 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:202
Native Ukrainian National Faith, a.k.a. RUNVira or SylenkoismLev Sylenko
1960s, mid
Modern Pagan
Slavic Native Faith
[101]:130
Neo-charismatic movement
1980s, early
Charismatic Christian
Nondenominational Christian
[36]:286–87
Neo-Hinduism or Reform Hinduism
1830, circa
Hindu[Clarke 2006]:435–36
Néo-PhareArnaud Mussy
2001
Esoteric, apocalyptic[122]
New Acropolis (Nouvelle Acropole)Jorge Ángel Livraga Rizzi
1957
Neo-Theosophical
Western esotericism
[Clarke 2006]:441–442[123]:217
New Apostolic ChurchHeinrich Geyer
1863
Catholic Apostolic Church
Unclassified Christian Churches
[Melton 2003]:1139 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:205
New Kadampa TraditionGeshe Kelsang Gyatso
1970s, mid
Tibetan Buddhism[Melton 2003]:1112[124]:310–311
The New Message from GodMarshall Vian Summers
1992
UFO religion[125][126]
New Reformed Orthodox Order of the Golden Dawn
1969
Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn
Witchcraft
Modern Pagan
[Melton 2003]:923 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:207
New ThoughtPhineas Parkhurst Quimby
1800s, mid
Metaphysical
Faith healing
[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:258 [Miller 1995]:325–330 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:208
Noahidism
1990s
Orthodox Judaism-inspired[127][128][129]:115
Nuwaubian Nation or United Nuwaubian Nation of Moors Dwight York
1967
UFO religion, New Age, Christian, Jewish, Black supremacist [130][131]
Oahspe FaithistsJohn Ballou Newbrough
1882
UFO religion[132]
OdinismOrestes Brownson
1848
Modern Pagan[133]
Oneida CommunityJohn Humphrey NoyesPerfectionism[134]
Oneness Movement a.k.a. Oneness UniversityKalki Bhagawan
1989
Indian religions-inspired
New Age
Neo-Hindu
2012 phenomenon-inspired
[135]
OomotoNao Deguchi
1899
Japanese
Shinto-Millenarian
[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:266 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:216
Open Bible Standard Churchesmerger
1935
White Trinitarian Pentecostal[Melton 2003]:454 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:217
Opus Dei:251Saint Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer
1928
Roman Catholic[136][137]:251[138][139]:3,122–123 [Clarke 2006]:427–428[28]:126,470–71[140]
Order of the Solar TempleJoseph Di Mambro, Luc Jouret
1984
Rosicrucian[118]:130[118]:125[118]
Ordo Templi Orientis (O.T.O.)Carl Kellner; Theodor Reuss
1895/1906
Western esotericism
Neo-Hermetism
Thelema
[Clarke 2006]:430 [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:270
Pentecostal Church of God
1919
Pentecostal[36][17]:109 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:225
Pentecostalism
1900s
Charismatic Christian[36] [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:224–25
People Unlimited, also known as Eternal Flame Foundation, People Forever, and CBJCharles Paul Brown, Bernadeane Brown, James Russell Strole
1982
Immortalism, Christianity[Lewis 1998]:95–96[141]
Peoples TempleJim Jones
1955
Psychic-New Age[Melton 2003]:832 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:226[142]
Philosophical Research SocietyManly Palmer Hall
1934
Occult[Melton 2003]:849 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:228
Pilgrims of ArèsMichel Potay
1974
[143]
Plymouth BrethrenJohn Nelson Darby
1830
evangelical
Millenarian
[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:281 [Chryssides 2001]:61 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:228–229
Potter's House also known as: Christian Fellowship Ministries (CFM), The Door, Victory Chapel, Christian Center, Crossroads Chapel, etc.Wayman Mitchell
1970
Pentecostal[Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006]:51–52
The Process Church of the Final JudgmentMary Ann MacLean and Robert de Grimston
1963
Satanism[144]:329
Quiverfull Mary Pride
1985
Christian Natalism [145]
Radha Soami, also Radhasoami Movement or Sant Mat movementShiv Dayal Singh
1861
Sikh-derived or Syncretistic Sikh-Hindu or Sant Mat-inspired[Jones & Ryan 2007]:344–45, 344–45, 383–84 [Clarke 2006]:507 [Melton 2003]:1059, 507–509
Radha Soami Satsang BeasBaba Jaimal Singh
1891
Sant Mat
Radha Soami
[Jones & Ryan 2007]:345 [Melton 2003]:1059 [Clarke 2006]:508 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:234
Radha Soami Satsang DayalbaghKamta Prasad Sinha
1907
Radha Soami[Jones & Ryan 2007]:344–45
Raëlism, a.k.a. Raëlian ChurchClaude Vorilhon (Rael)
1973/1974
UFO religion[Melton 2003]:806 [Clarke 2006]:509–10 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:234
Rainbow Family, a.k.a. Rainbow CoalitionBarry Adams or Jesse Jackson
1960s, late
Communal
Afro-American
[Melton 2003]:732 [Clarke 2006]:511–12 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:234, 236
Rajneesh movement, a.k.a. Osho movementRajneesh Chandra Mohan
1966
Indian religions-inspired
Syncretistic
[Clarke 2006]:512–14 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:345–46 [Melton 2003]:1051 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:236, 238
Ramakrishna Mission, a.k.a. Ramakrishna movement or Vedanta SocietySwami Vivekananda
1897
Neo-Hindu
Neo-Vedanta
[Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:314 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:483–84 [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:382[146]:57–58
Ramtha's School of EnlightenmentJ.Z. Knight
1977
New Age[147][148][149]
RastafariLeonard Howell, Joseph Hibbert, Archibald Dunkley, Robert Hinds
1920s/1935
Jewish and Christian-influenced Afro-centric[Melton 2003]:954 [Clarke 2006]:518–20 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:241,243[150]
Reconstructionist JudaismMordecai Kaplan
1922
Rabbinic Judaism[Clarke 2006]:523–25
Reform Judaism, a.k.a. Progressive or Liberal JudaismIsaac Harby; Isaac M. Wise; others
1820s
[Clarke 2006]:525–26
Reformed Druids of North America
1960s
Modern Pagan[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:299 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:244
Reiki, also Usui Shiko Ryoho System of HealingMikao Usui
1922
Energy medicine
Japanese Buddhism
[Clarke 2006]:528–529
Religious ScienceErnest Holmes
1948
New Thought[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:301 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:245–246
Ringing Cedars' AnastasianismVladimir Megre
1997
Syncretistic
Modern Pagan
Slavic Native Faith
[151]:442
Risshō Kōsei KaiNikkyo Niwano, Myoko Naganuma
1938
Nichiren Buddhist[Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:248[152]
The Rosicrucian FellowshipCarl Louis von Grasshof
1909
Rosicrucianism[Melton 2003]:845 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:249
Ruhani Satsang, a.k.a. Kirpal Light SatsangKirpal Singh
1948
Radha Soami[Jones & Ryan 2007]:345 [Clarke 2006]:508
Sacred Name MovementClarence Orvil Dodd
1930s
Judeo-Christian (Judaizers)
Nontrinitarian
Church of God (Seventh-Day)
[Clarke 2006]:543 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:251
Sadharan Brahmo SamajAnandamohan Bose, Sivanath Sastri, Umesh Chandra Dutta
1878
Brahmoism[30]:43–57
Sahaja YogaShri Mataji Nirmala Devi
1970
Neo-Hindu[Melton 2003]:1029 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:373–74[153]
Saiva Siddhanta ChurchSubramuniy
1957
Hindu[Jones & Ryan 2007]:376–77 [Melton 2003]:1029 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:251
The Salvation ArmyWilliam Booth
1865
Holiness movement[Melton 2003]:419 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:252, 254
Saminism, Samin movement:207–240Samin Surosentiko
1889
Abrahamic religions
Indigenist
[154]:103[155]:207
Sant Nirankari MissionBaba Buta Singh Ji
1929, formally 1947
Sikh
Nirankari
[Jones & Ryan 2007]:313 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:210
Santa Muerte Cult
1940s, late (or earlier)[156]
Syncretic Folk Catholic[157]
Sathya Sai Baba movement or Sai Baba movementSathya Sai Baba
1950
Neo-Hindu[Jones & Ryan 2007]:389–90, 389 [Clarke 2006]:545–47
Santo DaimeMestre Irineu
1930s
Folk Catholic
Spiritism
Neoshamanic
Entheogen groups
[158]
The Satanic TempleLucien Greaves, Malcolm Jarry
2012
Satanic
Nontheistic
[159][160][161][162][163]
Science of Identity Foundation (SIF)Chris Butler alias Jagad Guru Siddhaswarupananda
1977
Neo-Hindu
ISKCON
[Jones & Ryan 2007]:411–12
ScientologyL. Ron Hubbard
1955
UFO-Psychic
New Age
[164][165] [Melton 2003]:816 [Miller 1995]:385–392[28]:126[166]
Sekta NieboBogdana Kacmajora
1990
Christian[167]
Seicho-no-IeMasaharu Taniguchi, Fenwicke Holmes
1930
Japanese
Religious Science-Shinto
[92] [Clarke 2006]:568–569
Self-Realization FellowshipParamahansa Yogananda
1935
Neo-Hindu[Melton 2003]:1031 [Jones & Ryan 2007]:392–94 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:261
Semitic NeopaganismRaphael Patai
1960s
Modern Pagan
Polytheistic reconstructionism
Feminism
[168]
Seventh-day Adventist ChurchEllen G. White; Joseph Bates
1860
Adventist
Millerite
Seventh-day Sabbatarian
[Melton 2003]:621 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:262
Seventh-day Adventist Reform Movementschism
1925
Seventh-day Adventist[Melton 2003]:622–623 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:262–263
ShakersAnn Lee
1750s
Communal—Before 1960[Melton 2003]:724 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:263, 265
Shengdao, a.k.a. TongshanshePeng Tairong (Ruzun)
1900s, early
Chinese salvationist[169]:685
Shepherd's Rod, a.k.a. the Davidians, officially, the Davidian Seventh-day Adventist AssociationVictor T. Houteff
1935
Seventh-day Adventist[Melton 2003]:619 [Lewis 1998]:189
Shiloh Youth Revival CentersJohn J. Higgins, Jr.
1969
Communal—After 1960[Melton 2003]:734 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:266
Shinji Shumeikai, a.k.a. ShumeiMihoko Koyama
1970
Church of World Messianity
Faith healing
[92]
Shinnyo-enShinjo Ito, Tomoji Ito
1936
Japanese
Japanese Buddhism
[Melton 2003]:1081 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:266–267
ShinreikyoKanichi Otsuka
1950, circa
Japanese
Shinto
Syncretistic
[Melton 2003]:1123 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:266
ShoutersLi Changshou
1965
Christianity[62]:45[62]
Shri Ram Chandra MissionShri Ram Chandraji Maharaj
1945
Hindu[170]
Slavic Native Faith, a.k.a. Rodnovery or Slavic NeopaganismWładysław Kołodziej, Jan Stachniuk
1920–30s
Modern Pagan
Polytheistic reconstructionism
[101]:112–127[171]
Slavic-Hill RodnoveryAleksandr Belov
1980s
Modern Pagan
Slavic Native Faith
[171]:39
Soka Gakkai InternationalTsunesaburo Makiguchi
1930
Japanese
Nichiren Buddhism
[Melton 2003]:1082 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:271[172]
SpiritualismKate and Margaret Fox
1848
Psychic-Mediumship
Metaphysical
[Miller 1995]:331–338[173]:248
Subud (Susila Budhi Dharma)Muhammed Subuh
1933
Kejawèn
neo-Sufism
[Clarke 2006]:607–608 [Miller 1995]:267–274[154]:101 [Melton 2003]:981 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:279
Sufi Ruhaniat InternationalSamuel L. Lewis
1968
neo-Sufism[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:342 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:279
Sukyo MahikariKeishu Okada
1978
Japanese
Mahikari Syncretistic
[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:344 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:281
SummumClaude Rex Nowell
1975
Unclassified Christian[Melton 2003]:1141 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:281
Sun Dance
1890
Native American
Indigenist
[88]
SyntheismAlexander Bard
2012
Pantheist
Humanist
Netocratic
[174]
Temple of Set Michael A. Aquino
1975
Satanism
Theism
[175]
Temple of Zeus Andrea Maxine Dietrich
2002
Satanism
Theism
[151]:448
TenrikyoMiki Nakayama
1838
Japanese
Shinto
[Melton 2003]:1124 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:287–288
TensegrityCarlos Castaneda
1995
Neoshamanism
New Age
[50] [Clarke 2006]:581
TerasemMartine Rothblatt
2004
Transhumanism[176]
Thelema, a.k.a. the A∴A∴ orderAleister Crowley
1900s, early
Occult
neo-Hermetism
Western esotericism
[14]:41–42
Theosophy or Theosophical Society, a.k.a. 1882 as Theosophical Society AdyarHelena Petrovna Blavatsky, Henry Steel Olcott, William Quan Judge
1875
Occult
Eastern and Western esotericism
[14]:40–41[177] [Clarke 2006]:624–625 [Miller 1995]:315–324[177]
Theosophical Society PasadenaWilliam Quan Judge
1895
Theosophical[177]:blz. 427 [Miller 1995]:315–324
Tolstoyan primitivismLeo Tolstoy
1901
Christian anarchism
Pacifism
[178]:672[178]:672
Toronto BlessingRandy Clark
1994
Neo-charismatic[11]:122–123[179]
Transcendental Meditation (TM)Maharishi Mahesh Yogi
1958
Neo-Hindu-inspired[Melton 2003]:1045 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:292–293, 295–296
Triratna Buddhist Community (formerly Friends of the Western Buddhist Order)Sangharakshita (Dennis Lingwood)
1967
Neo-Buddhism[180]
True Buddha SchoolLu Sheng-yen
1980s, late
Tibetan Buddhism
Taoism
[181]
True Russian Orthodox ChurchPyotr Kuznetsov
2007
Russian Orthodoxy Apocalypticism[182]
Twelve TribesGene and Marsha Spriggs
1972
Messianic Jewish Communal—After 1960[Melton 2003]:737 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:212, 334–335
Two by Twos, a.k.a. Cooneyites, Christian Conventions, the Workers and Friends, the Truth, etc.
1897
Independent fundamentalist family[Melton 2003]:611 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:298 [Chryssides 2001]:330[183]
UmbandaZélio Fernandino de Moraes
1920
Spiritism[Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:299[184]
Unarius Academy of ScienceErnest Norman, Ruth Norman
1954
UFO Religion[Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:300, 302–303
União do VegetalMestre Gabriel
1961
Spiritism
Neoshamanic
Entheogen groups
[158]
Unification Church, a.k.a. the MooniesSun Myung Moon
1954
Syncretistic Christian[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:365 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:300, 302–303
Unitarian Universalismconsolidation
1961
Unitarian Universalism[Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006]:308–310 [Chryssides 2006]:335
United Holy Church of AmericaIsaac Cheshier
1900
Black Trinitarian Pentecostal[Melton 2003]:487 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:304
United House of Prayer for All PeopleMarcelino Manoel de Graca
1925
African American Pentecostal[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:371 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:304–305
United Israel World UnionDavid Horowitz
1944
Other Jewish Groups[Melton 2003]:959 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:305
United Lodge of TheosophistsRobert Crosbie
1909
Theosophical[Melton 2003]:855 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:305
United Pentecostal Church Internationalmerger
1945
Apostolic Pentecostals[Melton 2003]:476 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:287–306
Unity ChurchCharles Fillmore and Myrtle Fillmore
1889/1903
New Thought-Christian[Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:373 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:306–307
Universal Great BrotherhoodSerge Raynaud de la Ferriere
1940s, late
Other Theosophical Groups[Melton 2003]:883 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:310
Universal Life ChurchKirby Hensley
1962
Liberal Family[Melton 2003]:680 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:311
Universal White BrotherhoodPeter Deunov
1900
Other Theosophical Groups
Esoteric Christianity
[Melton 2003]:880[185]
Urantia FoundationWilliam S. Sadler
1934
UFO religion
Psychic
New Age
Christian occultist
[Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006]:319–322 [Melton 2003]:839 [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]:380
VajradhatuChögyam Trungpa
1973
Tibetan Buddhism[Melton 2003]:1115 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:313
Vale do AmanhecerTia Neiva
1959
Spiritualism[186]
Volunteers of AmericaBallington Booth, Maud Booth
1896
Holiness[Melton 2003]:420 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:316
Washat Dreamers ReligionSmohalla
1850
Native American
Indigenist
[88]
The Way InternationalVictor Paul Wierwille
1942
Independent fundamentalist family[Melton 2003]:608 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:318
The Way of the Livingness (Universal Medicine)Serge Benhayon
1999
Neo-Theosophical and/or "Socially harmful cult".[187][188][189]
White Eagle LodgeLady Elizabeth Carey
1943
Other Theosophical Groups[Melton 2003]:884 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:319
WiccaGerald Gardner
1949, circa
Pagan-influenced
Syncretic
New Age
[14]:55 [Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006]:338 [Miller 1995]:339–346
WotansvolkDavid Lane
1990s
neo-völkisch paganism[190]
The Word FoundationHarold W. Percival
1904, circa
Theosophical[Melton 2003]:856 [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]:320
World Peace and Unification Sanctuary ChurchHyung Jin Moon, Yeon Ah Lee Moon
2015
Unification Church-based
ultra-Orthodox/Fundamentalism
[191][192]
YiguandaoWang Jueyi; Chang Thien Ran
1800s, late
Chinese salvationist-Millenarian[169]:702–703 [Clarke 2006]
Close

See also

Bibliography

Main sources

  1. [Beit-Hallahmi 1992] Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin (28 December 1992). Rosen, Roger (ed.). The illustrated encyclopedia of active new religions, sects, and cults (1st ed.). New York: Rosen Pub. Group. ISBN 978-0-8239-1505-7.
  2. [Beit-Hallahmi 1997] Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin (1997). The illustrated encyclopedia of active new religions, sects, and cults (Rev. ed.). New York: Rosen Pub. Group. ISBN 978-0-8239-2586-5.
  3. [Chryssides 2006] Chryssides, George D. (2006). The A to Z of new religious movements (Rev. pbk. ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5588-5.
  4. [Jones & Ryan 2007] Jones, Constance A.; Ryan, James D. (2007). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Encyclopedia of World Religions. New York: Facts On File. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9.
  5. [Melton 2003] Melton, J. Gordon (2003) [1978]. Encyclopedia of American religions (7th ed.). Farmington Hills, Mi: Gale Group. ISBN 978-0-7876-6384-1.
  6. [Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006] Nichols, Larry A.; Mather, George; Schmidt, Alvin J. (13 August 2006). Dictionary of cults, sects, and world religions (Rev. and updated ed.). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-23954-3.

Other selected sources

References

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