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A national library is established by the government of a nation to serve as the pre-eminent repository of information for that country. Unlike public libraries, they rarely allow citizens to borrow books. Often, they include numerous rare, valuable, or significant works; such as the Gutenberg Bible. National libraries are usually notable for their size, compared to that of other libraries in the same country. Some national libraries may be thematic or specialized in some specific domains, beside or in replacement of the 'main' national library.
Some national entities, which are not independent but wish to preserve their particular culture, have established a national library with all the attributes of such institutions, such as legal deposit.
Many national libraries cooperate within the National Libraries Section of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) to discuss their common tasks, define and promote common standards and carry out projects helping them to fulfil their duties. National libraries of Europe participate in The European Library. This is a service of The Conference of European National Librarians (CENL).
The list below is organized alphabetically by country, according to the list of sovereign states, including, at its end an 'other states' section for non-sovereign states. A "♦" indicates a national library of a province or state, or constituent country or dependent state [neutrality is disputed]. It is listed under the sovereign state which governs that entity. Sovereign states are listed even when they have no national library or when the existence and name of a national library could not yet be ascertained. Other states, constituent countries and dependent states are listed only if they have a national library.
Country | Library | City | Legal deposit | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Denmark | Danish Royal Library, The National Library of Denmark and Copenhagen University Library (Det Kongelige Bibliotek) | Copenhagen | Yes[62] | [63] | |
State and University Library (Statsbiblioteket) | Aarhus | Yes[62] | [64] | ||
♦ Faroe Islands | National Library of the Faroe Islands (Føroya landsbókasavn) | Tórshavn | [65] | ||
♦ Greenland | Public and National Library of Greenland (Det Grønlandske Landsbibliotek = Nunatta Atuagaateqarfia) | Nuuk | [66] | ||
Djibouti | National Archive and Library of Djibouti (Centre national de documentation de Djibouti ) | Djibouti | [67] | ||
Dominica | National Library of Dominica | Roseau | [68] | ||
Dominican Republic | National Library Pedro Henríquez Ureña (Biblioteca Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña) | Santo Domingo | [69] |
Country | Library | City | Legal deposit | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
East Timor | National Library of East Timor (Biblioteca e Arquivo Nacional de Timor-Leste) | Dili | [70] | ||
Ecuador | National Library of Ecuador (Biblioteca Nacional del Ecuador Eugenio Espejo) | Quito | [71] | ||
Egypt | Egyptian National Library and Archives | Cairo | [72] | ||
Egyptian National Agricultural Library | Giza | [73] | |||
El Salvador | National Library of El Salvador (Biblioteca Nacional Francisco Gavidia ) | San Salvador | [74] | ||
Equatorial Guinea | National Library of Equatorial Guinea (Biblioteca Nacional de Guinea Ecuatorial ) | Malabo | [75] | ||
Eritrea | Research and Documentation Center of Eritrea | Asmara | [76] | ||
Estonia | National Library of Estonia (Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu) | Tallinn | Yes[77] | [78] | |
Eswatini | Eswatini National Library Service (Mbabane Public Library - ENLS) | Mbabane | [79][80] | ||
Ethiopia | National Archives and Library of Ethiopia | Addis Ababa | [81] |
Country | Library | City | Legal deposit | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Faroe Islands | → see under Denmark | ||||
Fiji | Library Services of Fiji | Suva | [82][83] | ||
Finland | National Library of Finland (Kansalliskirjasto = Nationalbibliotek) | Helsinki | [84] | ||
♦ Åland | Mariehamn City Library (Mariehamns stadsbibliotek ) | Mariehamn | [85][86] | ||
France | National Library of France (Bibliothèque nationale de France) | Paris | [87] |
Country | Library | City | Legal deposit | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Haiti | National Library of Haiti (Bibliothèque nationale d'Haïti) | Port-au-Prince | [104] | ||
Honduras | Juan Ramón Molina National Library (Biblioteca Nacional Juan Ramón Molina) | Tegucigalpa | [105] | ||
Hong Kong | → see under People's Republic of China | ||||
Hungary | National Széchényi Library (Országos Széchényi Könyvtár) | Budapest | [106] | ||
University of Debrecen Library (Debreceni Egyetemi és Nemzeti Könyvtár) | Debrecen | [107] |
Country | Library | City | Legal deposit | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Iceland | National and University Library of Iceland (Landsbókasafn Íslands Háskólabókasafn) | Reykjavík | Yes | [108] | |
India | National Library of India | Kolkata | Yes | [109] | |
Indonesia | National Library of Indonesia (Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia) | Central Jakarta | Yes | [110] | |
Iran | National Library of Iran (Ketabkhane-ye Melli-ye Iran) | Tehran | Yes | [111] | |
Malek National Library (Ketabkhane-ye Melli-ye Malek) | [112] | ||||
Iraq | Iraq National Library and Archive | Baghdad | [113] | ||
Ireland | National Library of Ireland = Leabharlann Náisiúnta na hÉireann | Dublin | [114] | ||
Isle of Man | → see under United Kingdom | ||||
Israel | National Library of Israel (הספרייה הלאומית) | Jerusalem | Yes | [115] | |
Italy | National Central Library (Florence) (Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale Firenze) | Florence | [116] | ||
National Central Library (Rome) (Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma) | Rome | [117] | |||
Biblioteca Nazionale Vittorio Emanuele III (Biblioteca Nazionale di Napoli) | Naples | [118] |
Country | Library | City | Legal deposit | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jamaica | National Library of Jamaica | Kingston | Yes[119] | [120] | |
Japan | National Diet Library | Tokyo and Kyoto (Kansai-kan) | Yes[121] | [122] | |
Jersey | → see under United Kingdom | ||||
Jordan | National Library of Jordan | Amman | [123] |
Country | Library | City | Legal deposit | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kazakhstan | National Library of Kazakhstan (Қазақстан Республикасының Ұлттық Кітапханасы = Национальная библиотека Республики Казахстан) | Almaty | [124] | ||
Kenya | National Library Service of Kenya | Nairobi | Yes[125] | [126] | |
Kiribati | Kiribati National Library and Archives | Bairiki | [127] | ||
North Korea | Grand People's Study House | Pyongyang | [128] | ||
South Korea | National Library of Korea (국립중앙도서관) | Seoul | [129] | ||
National Digital Library of Korea | [130] | ||||
National Library for Children and Young Adults (국립어린이청소년도서관) | [131] | ||||
Kosovo | → see under Other States | ||||
Kuwait | National Library of Kuwait | Kuwait | [132] | ||
Kyrgyzstan | National Library of the Kyrgyz Republic (Кыргыз Республикасынын Улуттук Китепканасы) | Bishkek | [133] |
Country | Library | City | Legal deposit | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Laos | National Library of Laos | Vientiane | [134] | ||
Latvia | National Library of Latvia (Latvijas Nacionālā bibliotēka) | Riga | [135] | ||
Lebanon | Lebanon National Library (المكتبة الو طنية = Bibliothèque Nationale du Liban) | Beirut | [136] | ||
Lesotho | Lesotho National Library Services (Libraries in Lesotho) | Maseru | [137] | ||
Liberia | National Public Library of Liberia (Liberian kansalliskirjasto ) | Monrovia | [138] | ||
Libya | National Library of Libya | Benghazi | [139] | ||
Liechtenstein | Liechtenstein State Library (Liechtensteinische Landesbibliothek) | Vaduz | [140] | ||
Lithuania | Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania (Lietuvos Nacionalinė Martyno Mažvydo biblioteka) | Vilnius | [141] | ||
Luxembourg | National Library of Luxembourg (Bibliothèque nationale de Luxembourg = Lëtzebuerger Nationalbibliothéik = Nationalbibliothek Luxemburg) | Luxembourg | [142] |
Country | Library | City | Legal deposit | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Namibia | National Library of Namibia | Windhoek | [162] | ||
Nauru | |||||
Nepal | Nepal National Library | Harihar Bhawan, Lalitpur | [163] | ||
Netherlands | Royal Library of the Netherlands (Koninklijke Bibliotheek, lit. "Royal Library") | The Hague | [164] | ||
♦ Aruba | National Library of Aruba (Biblioteca Nacional Aruba) | Oranjestad | [165] | ||
New Zealand | National Library of New Zealand (Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa) | Wellington | [166] | ||
♦ Cook Islands | National Library of the Cook Islands Cook Islands Library and Museum Society |
Rarotonga | [167] | ||
Nicaragua | National Library of Nicaragua Rubén Darío (Biblioteca Nacional de Nicaragua Rubén Darío) | Managua | [168] | ||
National Health Library (Biblioteca Nacional de Salud) | [169] | ||||
Niger[nb 5] | Direction of the National Archives of Niger (Direction des Archives nationales du Niger) | Niamey | |||
Nigeria | National Library of Nigeria | Lagos | [170] | ||
North... | → see under the second word | ||||
Norway | National Library of Norway (Nasjonalbiblioteket) | Oslo and Mo i Rana | [171] |
Country | Library | City | Legal deposit | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oman | Sultan Qaboos University Library | Muscat | [172] |
Country | Library | City | Legal deposit | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pakistan | National Library of Pakistan | Islamabad | [173] | ||
Palau | Palau Community College Library | Koror | [174] | ||
Panama | National Library of Panama (Biblioteca Nacional de Panamá) | Panama City | [175] | ||
Papua New Guinea | National Library of Papua New Guinea | Port Moresby | [176] | ||
Paraguay | National Library of Paraguay (Biblioteca Nacional del Paraguay) | Asunción | [177] | ||
National Library of Agriculture (Paraguay) (Biblioteca Nacional de Agricultura) | [178] | ||||
Peru | National Library of Peru (Biblioteca Nacional del Perú) | Lima | Yes[179] | [180] | |
Philippines | National Library of the Philippines (Pambansang Aklatan ng Pilipinas) | Manila | Yes | [181] | |
Poland | National Library of Poland [Biblioteka Narodowa] | Warsaw | Yes[182] | [183] | |
Jagiellonian Library [Biblioteka Jagiellońska] | Kraków | Yes[182] | [184] | ||
Portugal | Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal [National Library of Portugal or Portuguese National Library] | Lisbon | [185] |
Country | Library | City | Legal deposit | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Qatar | Qatar National Library | Doha | [186] | ||
Quebec | → see under Canada |
Country | Library | City | Legal deposit | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Romania | National Library of Romania (Biblioteca Națională a României) | Bucharest | [187] | ||
Russian Federation | Russian State Library (Российская Государственная Библиотека) | Moscow | [188] | ||
National Library of Russia (Российская Национальная Библиотека) | Saint Petersburg | [189] | |||
Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library (Президентская библиотека имени Б.Н.Ельцина) | [190] | ||||
Bashkortostan | Akhmet-Zaki Validi National Library of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Национальная библиотека имени Ахмет-Заки Валиди) | Ufa | [191] | ||
Chechnya | National Library of the Chechen Republic (Национальная библиотека Чеченской Республики) | Grozny | [192] | ||
Chuvashia | National Library of the Chuvash Republic (Национальная библиотека Чувашской Республики) | Cheboksary | [193] | ||
Dagestan | National Library of the Republic of Dagestan (Национальная библиотека Республики Дагестан) | Makhachkala | [194] | ||
Kalmykia | National Library of Kalmykia (Национальная библиотека Калмыкии) | Elista | [195] | ||
Republic of Karelia | National Library of the Republic of Karelia (Национальная библиотека Республики Карелия) | Petrozavodsk | [196] | ||
Khakassia | National Library of the Republic of Khakassia (Национальная библиотека Республики Хакасия) | Abakan | [197] | ||
Komi Republic | National Library of the Komi Republic (Национальная библиотека Республики Коми) | Syktyvkar | [198] | ||
Mari El | S. G. Chavaine National Library (Национальная библиотека имени С. Г. Чавайна) | Yoshkar-Ola | [199] | ||
Mordovia | National Library of the Republic of Mordovia (Национальная библиотека имени А. С. Пушкина Республики Мордовия) | Saransk | [200] | ||
North Ossetia–Alania | National Scientific Library of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania (Национальная научная библиотека Республики Северная Осетия — Алания) | Vladikavkaz | [201] | ||
Sakha | National Library of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (Национальная библиотека Республики Саха (Якутия)) | Yakutsk | [202] | ||
Tatarstan | National Library of the Republic of Tatarstan (Татарстан Республикасы Милли китапханәсендә = Национальная Библиотека Республики Татарстан) | Kazan | [203] | ||
Tuva | National Library of the Republic of Tyva (Национальная библиотека Республики Тыва им. А. С. Пушкина) | Kyzyl | [204] | ||
Udmurtia | National Library of the Udmurt Republic (Национальная библиотека Удмуртской Республики) | Izhevsk | [205] | ||
Rwanda | National Library of Rwanda (Bibliothèque nationale du Rwanda) | Kigali | [206] |
Country | Library | City | Legal deposit | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Republic of China (Taiwan) | → see under Other States | ||||
Tajikistan | National Firdoussi Library (Национальная библиотека Таджикистана) | Dushanbe | [232] | ||
Tanzania | National Central Library / Tanzania Library Services Board (Bodi Ya Huduma Za Maktaba Tanzania) | Dar es Salaam | [233][234][235] | ||
Tatarstan | → see under Russia | ||||
Thailand | National Library of Thailand (หอสมุดแห่งชาติ) | Bangkok | [236] | ||
Togo | National Library of Togo (Bibliothèque nationale du Togo) | Lomé | [237] | ||
Tonga | [No national library] | [238] | |||
Trinidad and Tobago | National Library and Information System
The Heritage Library |
Port of Spain | [239] | ||
Tunisia | National Library of Tunisia (Bibliothèque nationale de Tunisie, المكتبة الوطنية التونسية) | Tunis | [240] | ||
Turkey | National Library of Turkey (Milli Kütüphane) | Ankara | [241] | ||
National Library of İzmir (İzmir Milli Kütüphanesi) | İzmir | [242] | |||
Turkmenistan | State Library of Turkmenistan | Ashgabat | |||
Tuvalu | Tuvalu National Library and Archives | Funafuti |
Country | Library | City | Legal deposit | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vanuatu | National Library of Vanuatu | Port Vila | [260] | ||
Vatican City | Vatican Library (Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana) | Vatican City | [261] | ||
Venezuela | National Library of Venezuela (Biblioteca Nacional de Venezuela) | Caracas | [262] | ||
Vietnam | National Library of Vietnam (Thư Viện Quốc Gia Việt Nam) | Hanoi | Yes[263] | [264] |
Country | Library | City | Legal deposit | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wales | → see under United Kingdom |
Country | Library | City | Legal deposit | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Republic of Yemen | National Library of Yemen | Aden |
Country | Library | City | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abkhazia | I.G. Papaskir National Library of Abkhazia | Sukhumi | [266] | |
Kosovo | National Library of Kosovo (Biblioteka Kombëtare e Kosovës) | Pristina | [267] | |
Northern Cyprus | National Library of Northern Cyprus (Millî Kütüphane) | North Nicosia | [268] | |
Republic of China (Taiwan) | National Central Library (國家圖書館) | Taipei | [269] |
A state library is established by a state to serve as the preeminent repository of information for that region.
Autonomous communities libraries
The member states of the Swiss Confederation are the 26 cantons of Switzerland. The cantonal libraries (German: Kantonsbibliothek, French: Bibliothèque cantonale, Italian: Biblioteca cantonale, Romansh: Biblioteca chantunala) are:
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