List of massacres in Italy

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The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Italy and its predecessors (numbers may be approximate): they are divided by the presence of culpability or not.

List parameters

A massacre is the killing of a large number of people, especially those who are not involved in any fighting or have no way of defending themselves.

The following are the parameters used to create the list:

• Massacres, accidents or natural disasters that occurred in the actual Italian Republic territory, in the nearby sea, or by Italian ships or airplanes around the world (which are considered part of the Italian territory, by the Italian law);
• Massacres, accidents or natural disasters with at least 3 deaths.

List of culpable massacres

Archaic Italy

Name	Date	Location	Deaths	Perpetrators	Notes
Battle of Selinus	409 BC	Selinus	16,000	Carthaginian Army	16,000 citizens of Selinus killed in battle and massacre by Carthaginian Army under Hannibal Mago. City razed.[1]
Battle of Himera	409 BC	Himera	3,000	Carthaginian Army	3,000 Greek prisoners of war tortured and sacrificed by Carthaginian Army under Hannibal Mago. City razed.[2]
Siege of Akragas	December 406 BC	Akragas	Population of Akragas	Carthaginian Army	Greek population massacred by Carthaginian Army under Himilco[3]
Siege of Motya	Summer 398 BC	Motya	Population of Motya	Syracuse	Phoenician population of Motya killed by Greek troops during assault on the city.

Roman Italy

Name	Date	Location	Deaths	Perpetrators	Notes
Agathocles' coup	317 BC	Syracuse	4,000	Agathocles' army	4,000 wealthy Syracusans killed by Agathocles
Ausona massacre	314 BC	Ausona	Entire Aurunci people	Republican Roman Army	Entire Aurunci people exterminated by Roman army
Gela massacre	311 BC	Gela	4,000	Agathocles' army	4,000 Geloans slaughtered by Agathocles and their property stolen
1st Cluviae massacre	311 BC	Cluviae	Roman prisoners of war	Samnites	Roman prisoners of war killed by Samnites
2nd Cluviae massacre	311 BC	Cluviae	Adult male population	Republican Roman Army	Adult male population of Cluviae put to death by Roman army under consul Gaius Junius Bubulcus Brutus
Battle of Torgium	305 BC	Torgium	4,000–7,000	Agathocles' army	4,000–7,000 troops of Deinocrates slaughtered by Agathocles after their surrender on promises of mercy
Aequi massacre	304 BC	Aequi	Most Aequians	Republican Roman Army	Majority of Aequi people killed by Roman army
Messana massacre	289 BC	Messina	Population of Messana	Mamertines	Population of Messana murdered by mercenary Mamertines
Rhegium massacre	280 BC	Rhegium	Male population of Messana	Campanian mercenaries	Male population of Rhegium massacred by rebellious Campanian mercenaries of Rome
Taurasia massacre	November 218 BC	Taurasia	Population of Taurasia	Carthaginian Army	Population of the Taurini capital of Taurasia exterminated by Carthaginian Army under Hannibal after three-day siege.[4]
Casilinum massacre [it]	August 216 BC	Casilinum	Pro-Carthaginian population of Casilinum	Republican Roman Army	Pro-Carthaginian population of Casilinum killed by Roman garrison.[5]
Leontini massacre	214 BC	Lentini	2,000	Republican Roman Army	2,000 Roman deserters flogged and beheaded by troops of Marcus Claudius Marcellus.[6]
Enna massacre	213 BC	Enna	Population of Enna	Republican Roman Army	Defenceless crowd massacred by Roman garrison under governor Lucius Pinarius.[7]
Battle of Capua	211 BC	Teanum, Cales	53	Republican Roman Army	53 Capuan aristocrats executed by Roman Army under Quintus Fulvius Flaccus.[8]
Agrigentum massacre	210 BC	Agrigento	Agrigentan elites	Republican Roman Army	Agrigentan elites massacred by Roman army under consul Marcus Valerius Laevinus. Population sold to slavery. Town looted.[9]
Tarentum massacre	209 BC	Tarentum	Population of Tarentum	Republican Roman Army	Population massacred by Roman Army under proconsul Fabius Maximus, 30,000 sold to slavery.[10]
Enna massacre	135 BC	Enna	Population of Enna	Slave rebels	Slaves under Eunus massacre town population and rape women
Asculum massacre	89 BC	Asculum	Majority of the population	Republican Roman Army	Population massacred by Roman Army under consul Pompeius Strabo
Rome massacres	87 BC	Rome	Several hundred	Gaius Marius	Several hundred supporters of Sulla massacred by Marius' rampaging army
Sulla's proscriptions	82 BC	Roman Italy	4,700	Sulla	4,700 enemies of the state murdered on orders of Sulla
Appian Way crucifixions	71 BC	Via Appia	6,000	Republican Roman Army	6,000 slave rebel prisoners crucified by Marcus Licinius Crassus
Proscription of 43 BC	43 BC	Roman Italy	2,000	Second Triumvirate	2,000 enemies of the Second Triumvirate murdered[11]
Tiberius' purge	Late 31	Roman Italy	Supporters of Sejanus	Imperial Roman Army	Sejanus and his supporters killed on orders of Tiberius.[12]
Ticinum massacre	13 August 408	Ticinum	7+	Imperial Roman Army	7 high-ranking supporters of Stilicho killed by Roman army at the instigation of Olympius. Many civilians in Ticinum killed afterward.[13]
Massacre of Goths	Late 408	Roman Italy	Thousands	Imperial Roman Army	Thousands of Gothic soldiers in the Roman Army and their families killed in anti-Germanic pogrom.[14]

Ostrogothic Italy

Name	Date	Location	Deaths	Perpetrators	Notes
Siege of Ravenna (490–493)	5 March 493	Ravenna	Odoacer and his followers	Ostrogothic Kingdom	Odoacer and his men massacred by Ostrogoths under Theoderic the Great
Siege of Naples (536)	November 536	Naples	Population of Naples	Byzantine army	Naples sacked and the population massacred by Byzantine army under Belisarius
Ravenna massacre	537	Ravenna	Roman aristocrats	Ostrogothic Kingdom	Roman aristocratic hostages executed on orders of Witiges
Milan massacre	March 539	Mediolanum	All males of Milan	Ostrogothic Kingdom	Male population of Milan slain by Ostrogothic troops after siege. Women enslaved.[15]
Ticinum massacre	539	Ticinum	Gothic women and children	Merovingian Franks	Gothic women and children sacrificed alive by Franks under Theudebert I[16]
Totila's sack of Rome	550	Rome	Most inhabitants of Rome	Ostrogothic Kingdom	Population of Rome massacred after siege by Ostrogothic troops under Totila. Women spared.
Massacre of aristocratic children	Late 552	Po Valley	300	Ostrogothic Kingdom	300 Roman aristocratic children killed by Ostrogoths

Medieval Italy

Name	Date	Location	Deaths	Perpetrators	Notes
Siege of Syracuse (877–878)	21 May 878	Syracuse	4,000	Aghlabids	4,000 Syracusans massacred by Aghlabid Muslim army[17]
Sack of Taormina	1 August 902	Taormina	Population of Taormina	Aghlabids	Taormina burned and population massacred
Fatimid sack of Genoa	16 August 935	Genoa	Male population	Fatimid navy	Male population of Genoa exterminated by Fatimids, women and children enslaved
Siege of Rometta	May 965	Rometta	Population of Rometta	Kalbids	Population of Rometta massacred, survivors enslaved, city colonized by Muslims.[18]
Siege of Crema	1159	Crema, Lombardy	40	Holy Roman Empire	Imperial army under Frederick Barbarossa executes 40 hostages
Palermo massacre	1161	Palermo	Muslim population of Palermo	Christian mob	Muslim population of Palermo slaughtered by Christian mob
Salerno massacre	Late 1194	Salerno	Population of Salerno	Holy Roman Empire	Imperial army under Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor sacks Salerno, massacres and enslaves population
Sicilian Vespers	1282	Sicily	3,000	Ghibelline Sicilians	3,000 French men and women killed by rebels
Lucera massacre	1300	Lucera	Muslim population	Kingdom of Naples	Muslim population of Lucera massacred and 9,000 sold to slavery
Cesena bloodbath	1 February 1377	Cesena	2,500	Papal States	2,500 people massacred by Breton troops under Cardinal Robert of Geneva during the War of the Eight Saints
Lozio massacre [it]	25 December 1410	Lozio	Nobili family	Federici family	Nobili family exterminated as part of the struggle between the Guelphs and Ghibellines.
Massacre of the Trinci [it]	10 January 1421	Nocera Umbra	5	Pietro di Rasiglia	Pietro di Rasiglia kills most of the Trinci family in a personal vendetta
Varano massacre [it]	10 October 1434	Camerino	4	Rebels	4 members of the Varano family killed by rebels outside a church in Camerino.
Chiavelli massacre [it]	26 May 1435	Fabriano	14	Rebels	Rebels massacre 14 people, including 5 Chiavellis
Massacre of the Assumption	15 August 1474	Modica	360	Christian mob	Christians kill 360 Jews in Modica's La Giudecca
Otranto massacre	11 August 1480	Otranto	6,000	Ottoman Empire	Ottoman Turks massacre and enslave the population of Otranto

Early Modern Italy

Name	Date	Location	Deaths	Perpetrators	Notes
Sack of Rapallo	8 September 1494	Rapallo	Unknown	Swiss mercenaries	Swiss mercenaries under French command slaughter the population of Rapallo
Sack of Mordano [it]	20 October 1494	Mordano	300–1,500	French Army and Swiss mercenaries	Mordano sacked by French and Swiss troops
Sack of Fivizzano	October 1494	Fivizzano	Unknown	French Army
Sack of Castel Fiorentino	20 October 1494	Castel Fiorentino	Unknown	French Army
Sack of Monte Fortino	January 1495	Montefortino	300	French Army
Sack of Monte San Giovanni	February 1495	Monte San Giovanni Campano	700–800	French Army
Sack of Gaeta	June 1495	Gaeta	250–900	French Army
Sack of Toscanella	June 1495	Toscanella	800	French Army
Sack of Ponte di Sacco	July 1496	Ponsacco	Civilian population	Florentine Army
Sack of Rocca d'Arazzo	August 1499	Rocca d'Arazzo	Civilian population	French Army
Sack of Annone	August 1499	Annone	700	French Army
Sack of Forlì	January 1500	Forlì	450	French Army and Swiss mercenaries
Sack of Tortona	February 1500	Tortona	Civilian population	Swiss mercenaries
Sack of Faenza	April 1501	Faenza	Civilian population	Gascons, Swiss, Italians
Sack of Capua	25 July 1501	Capua	2,000–5,000	French Army	Capua sacked by French troops
Sack of Fossombrone	October 1502	Fossombrone	Civilian population	Borgia's troops
Sack of Rimini	October 1503	Rimini	360	Borgia's troops
Sack of Treviglio	May 1509	Treviglio	Civilian population	Venetian Army
Sack of Peschiera	May 1509	Peschiera	Civilian population and garrison	French Army
Sack of Monselice	August 1509	Monselice	Civilian population	Army of the Holy Roman Empire Venetian Army
Sack of Feltre	August 1509	Feltre	Civilian population	Army of the Holy Roman Empire Venetian Army
Sack of Legnano	May 1510	Legnano	2,000	French Army
Barbarano massacre	May 1510	Barbarano Mossano	700–2,000	Army of the Holy Roman Empire	[19][20]
Sack of Monselice	July 1510	Monselice	Civilian population	Spanish Army Army of the Holy Roman Empire
Sack of Brescia	18 February 1512	Brescia	8,000	French Army	Brescia sacked by troops of Gaston of Foix, Duke of Nemours
Sack of Ravenna	12 April 1512	Ravenna	17,000	French Army	Ravenna sacked by French troops after the Battle of Ravenna (1512).
Sack of Prato [it]	29 August 1512	Prato	4,000–6,000	Spanish Army	Prato sacked by Spanish troops
Sack of Lodi	May 1516	Lodi	Civilian population	Swiss mercenaries
Sack of Como	December 1521	Como	Civilian population	Spanish Army
Sack of Genoa	30–31 May 1522	Genoa	5,000	Spanish Army	Genoa sacked by Spanish troops
Sack of Rome (1527)	6 May 1527	Rome	4,000	Army of the Holy Roman Empire Spanish Army	Rome sacked by troops of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Sack of Pavia (1527)	October 1527	Pavia	Civilian population	French Army Venetian Army
Sack of Pavia [it]	May 1528	Pavia	Civilian population	Army of the Holy Roman Empire Spanish Army
Sack of Pavia [it]	September 1528	Pavia	Civilian population	Army of the Holy Roman Empire Spanish Army
Massacre of Waldensians in Calabria	May/June 1561	Calabria	600–6,000	Roman Inquisition Spanish Army	600–6,000 Waldensians killed by Inquisitorial and Spanish forces
Valtellina massacre	18–23 July 1620	Valtellina	300–600	Catholics	300–600 Protestants killed by pro-Spanish Catholics
Piedmontese Easter	April 1655	Piedmont	1,712–6,000	Savoyard Army	Waldensians killed by ducal troops[21][22][23]
Lauria massacre	9 August 1806	Lauria	1,000	Grande Armée	City destroyed and population massacred by French Army under Marshal André Masséna

Risorgimento

Name	Date	Location	Deaths	Perpetrators	Notes
Cesena and Forlì massacres [it]	January 1832	Papal States	38	Papal States	Papal troops suppress liberal rebellion and kill 38.[24]
Ten Days of Brescia	1 April 1849	Brescia	16	Austrian Army	16 Brescians executed by Austrian Army[25]
Cignoli family massacre [it]	20 May 1859	Torricella Verzate	9	Austrian Army	Austrian troops under Karl von Urban execute 9 civilians.[26]
Bronte riots [it]	2 August 1860	Bronte	21	Red Shirts	16 people killed in the riots, 5 sentenced to death as rioters by a drumhead court[27][28]
Montefalcione massacre	9 July 1861	Montefalcione	97–150	Royal Italian Army	Mass shooting of civilians and former Sicilian soldiers.[29]
Auletta massacre [it]	28 July 1861	Auletta	45–130	Bersaglieri Hungarian Legion	Royal troops attack civilian population of Auletta. 45–130 killed and 200 arrested.[30]
Ruvo del Monte massacre [it]	10 August 1861	Potenza	30	Royal Italian Army National Guard	Royal Army and National Guard round up civilian population and shoot 30 pro-Bourbon partisans[31][32]
Pontelandolfo and Casalduni massacre [it]	14 August 1861	Province of Benevento	13	Bersaglieri	Bersaglieri soldiers kill 13 civilians[33]
Pietrarsa massacre [it]	6 August 1863	Portici	4	Bersaglieri	Royal troops kill 4 Officine di Pietrarsa workers and wound 17.[34]
Turin Massacre (1864)	21 September 1864	Piazza Castello, Turin	62 (+138 wounded)	Royal Italian Army Carabinieri	Royal Army and Carabinieri kill unarmed civilians
Seven and a Half Days Revolt	16-22 September 1866	Palermo	Unknown (tens or hundreds estimated)	Royal Italian Army	Royal Italian Army suppress rebellion mainly against enforced conscription

Kingdom of Italy

Name	Date	Location	Deaths	Perpetrators	Notes
Caltavuturo massacre	20 January 1893	Caltavuturo	13 (21 wounded)	Royal Italian Army and Carabinieri	13 Fasci Siciliani protesters shot dead by soldiers and policemen.[35]
Giardinello massacre	10 December 1893	Giardinello	11 (12 wounded)	Royal Italian Army	11 Fasci Siciliani protesters shot dead by soldiers and guards.[36]
Lercara Friddi massacre	25 December 1893	Lercara Friddi	7–11 (12 wounded)	Royal Italian Army	7–11 Fasci Siciliani protesters shot dead by soldiers.[37]
Bava Beccaris massacre	9 May 1898	Milan	118–450 (+400-2,000 wounded)	Royal Italian Army	Italian Army troops under General Fiorenzo Bava Beccaris fired on rioters, killing hundreds.[38]
Buggerru massacre [it]	4 September 1904	Buggerru	4 (+11 wounded)	Royal Italian Army	Army troops kill 4 protesting miners in Sardinia[39][40]
Itri massacre [it]	13 July 1911	Itri	8 (+60 wounded)	Carabinieri	Carabinieri kill Sardinian workers in mainland Italy because they refused to pay protection to the local mafia[41]
Red Week (Italy)	7 June 1914	Ancona	3	Carabinieri
Ancona revolt [it]	25-28 June 1920	Ancona	9	Royal Italian Army	[42]
Panicale massacre [it]	15 July 1920	Panicale	6 (+14 wounded)	Carabinieri	Carabinieri suppress farmers' demonstration[43]
Palazzo d'Accursio massacre [it]	21 November 1920	Bologna	10 (+58 wounded)	Red Guards	Red Guards kill 10 Italian Socialist Party officials with hand grenades[44]
Canneto Sabino massacre [it]	11 December 1920	Province of Rieti	11 (+13 wounded)	Carabinieri	Carabinieri kill 11 protesting workers[45]
Castello Estense massacre [it]	20 December 1920	Ferrara	6	Fascists and socialists	4 fascists and 2 socialists killed in street fight[46]
Empoli massacre [it]	1 March 1921	Empoli	9 (+18 wounded)	Red Guards and Italian Communist Party	Red Guards and Communists kill 9 soldiers[47]
Diana hotel massacre [it]	23 March 1921	Milan	21 (+80 wounded)	Anarchists	Anarchists kill 21 in bombing[48][49][50]
Sarzano massacre [it]	21 July 1921	Sarzana	11	Carabinieri	Carabinieri kill 11 fascists[51][52][53][54]

Fascist Italy

Name	Date	Location	Deaths	Perpetrators	Notes
1922 Turin massacre	20 December 1922	Turin	11 (10 wounded)	Squadrismo	Fascist Squadrismo under Piero Brandimarte kill 11 communists and trade unionists
Librizzi massacre [it]	25 June 1925	Messina	9 (+4 wounded)	Rosario Tranchita	Spree shooting[55][56][57][58][59][60]
San Giovanni in Fiore massacre [it]	2 August 1925	San Giovanni in Fiore	5 (18 wounded)	Squadrismo	Fascist Squadrismo kill communists, socialists and farmers[61]
Victor Emmanuel III of Italy assassination attempt [it]	12 April 1928	Milan	20 (40 wounded)	Unknown	A bomb concealed in a lamppost exploded in Milan, Italy just before 10 a.m, killing 20 people. It was probably an attempt on the life of King Victor Emmanuel III as it went off ten minutes ahead of a royal procession to open the city's fair.[62][63][64]
Gruaro massacre [it]	March 1933	Gruaro	28	Authorities	28 children killed by vaccine[65][66]

Second World War

See also: List of massacres in the Italian Social Republic

Name	Date	Location	Deaths	Perpetrators	Notes
Biscari massacre	14 July 1943	Biscari (now Acate)	71	United States Army, 180th Infantry Regiment	POWs killed by US troops in two incidents[67]
Canicattì massacre	14 July 1943	Canicattì	8	United States Army	US troops under Colonel McCaffrey fired on looters[68][69]
Castiglione massacre [it]	12–14 August 1943	Castiglione di Sicilia	16	1st Fallschirm-Panzer Division Hermann Göring	1st Fallschirm-Panzer Division Hermann Göring massacres 16 civilians and wounds 20.[70]
Boves massacre	8 September 1943	Boves	23 killed and 22 wounded	1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler	Mass killing by German occupation troops under Joachim Peiper
Lake Maggiore massacres	September–October 1943	Lake Maggiore	56	1st SS Panzer Division	Murder of 56 predominantly Italian Jews despite strict German orders not to carry out any violence against civilians
Caiazzo massacre	13 October 1943	Caiazzo	22	29th Panzergrenadier Regiment	Mass killing by German occupation troops under Lt. Richard Heinz Wolfgang Lehnigk-Emden
Ardeatine massacre	24 March 1944	Rome	335	Schutzstaffel, SD, Gestapo	Mass killing by German occupation troops (SD-Gestapo led by Herbert Kappler)[71]
Guardistallo massacre	19 June 1944	Guardistallo	57	19th Luftwaffe Field Division	57 Italian civilians killed in massacre by Luftwaffe Field Division[72]
Piazza Tasso massacre	17 July 1944	Florence	5	Italian fascist militia, German Army	5 Italian civilians killed in massacre by Fascists and German Army
Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre	12 August 1944	Sant'Anna di Stazzema	560	16th SS Panzergrenadier Division Reichsführer-SS, 36th Brigata Nera	Mass killing by German occupation troops (16th SS Division) and Italian collaborators (16th Brigade)[73][74][75]
San Terenzo Monti massacre	17–19 August 1944	Fivizzano	159	16th SS Panzergrenadier Division	159 Italian civilians killed by SS soldiers as reprisal for partisan activity
Padule di Fucecchio massacre	23 August 1944	Padule di Fucecchio, Tuscany	184	26th Panzer Division	Up to 184 Italian civilians as a reprisal for a partisan attack on two German soldiers. Massacre carried out by soldiers of the 26th Panzer Division.[76]
Vinca massacre	24–27 August 1944	Fivizzano	162	16th SS Panzergrenadier Division	162 Italian civilians killed by SS soldiers as reprisal for partisan activity
Certosa di Farneta massacre	2 September 1944	Certosa di Farneta	44	16th SS Panzergrenadier Division	Mass killing by 16th SS Division of 44 civilians at monastery in near Lucca[77]
Marzabotto massacre	29 September 1944	Marzabotto	770+	16th SS Panzergrenadier Division	Mass killing by German occupation troops (16th SS)[78]
Via Maqueda massacre [it]	19 October 1944	Palermo	24	139th Infantry Regiment "Bari"	Royal Italian troops massacre protesting civilians, with 24 killed and 158 injured.[79]
Bombing of Gorla	20 October 1944	Milan	614	United States Army Air Forces	USAAF bombers discarded their payload on a densely inhabited area, killing hundreds, including 184 pupils of the Gorla elementary school.
Porzûs massacre	7 February 1945	Porzûs, Faedis	17 (1 wounded)	Communist partisans	Communist partisans executed 17 members of the Catholic partisan brigade Brigata Osoppo.
Salussola massacre	9 March 1945	Salussola	20 (1 wounded)	Blackshirts	20 Italian partisans tortured and executed by Fascist Blackshirts[80]
Rovetta massacre	28 April 1945	Salussola	43	Italian partisans	43 National Republican Guard prisoners executed by partisans from the Brigata Camozzi, Brigate Garibaldi and Brigate Fiamme Verdi.[81]
Schio massacre	6 July 1945	Schio	54	Partisans	A group of ex-partisans of the Garibaldi Partisan Division "Ateo Garemi" and officers of the auxiliary partisan police kill suspected fascists among 99 inmates detained in the city jail.
Villarbasse massacre	20 November 1945	Villarbasse	10	Bandits	3 of the perpetrators were sentenced to death; this was the last time the death penalty was applied in Italy

Republic of Italy

Name	Date	Location	Deaths	Perpetrators	Notes
Via Medina massacre [it]	11 June 1946	Naples	9	Unknown	9 monarchists killed and hundreds wounded by bomb[82][83]
Vergarola explosion	18 August 1946	Pula	65	Unknown	65 killed by detonated explosives
Portella della Ginestra massacre	1 May 1947	Piana degli Albanesi	11 (+33 wounded)	Bandits	Attack on May Day celebrations by bandits[84]
1947 Partinico massacre	22 June 1947	Partinico	2 (3 injured )	Bandits[85]	Attack on Chamber of Labour in Partinico by Bandits[86][87]
Melissa massacre [it]	29 October 1949	Calabria	3	Police	Police kill three demonstrating peasants. 15 wounded.[88]
Modena United Foundries massacre [it]	9 January 1950	Modena	6	Carabinieri Police	Authorities kill 6 and injure 200 protesters[89]
Trieste revolt [it]	5–6 November 1953	Trieste	6	Allied Military Government for Occupied Territories Venezia Giulia Police Force	6 killed by officers of the Venezia Giulia Police Force[90]
Reggio Emilia massacre [it]	7 July 1960	Reggio Emilia	5	Police	Police shoot and kill five demonstrators. At least 21 injured.[91]
Ciaculli massacre	30 June 1963	Ciaculli	7	Mafia	car bombing of police by Mafia[92]
Malga Sasso massacre	9 September 1966	Brenner	3	South Tyrolean Liberation Committee	3 policemen killed by South Tyrolean secessionists
Cima Vallona massacre	25 June 1967	San Nicolò di Comelico	4	South Tyrolean Liberation Committee	4 soldiers killed by South Tyrolean secessionists
Viale Lazio massacre	10 December 1969	Palermo	5	Mafia	Clan warfare by Mafia[93]
Piazza Fontana bombing	12 December 1969	Milan	17 (+88 wounded)	Ordine Nuovo	Bombing by right-wing terrorists[94]
Gioia Tauro massacre [it]	22 July 1970	Gioia Tauro	6	Vito Silverini, Vincenzo Caracciolo and Giuseppe Scarcella	Train derailed by explosive. Six killed and 77 wounded.[95][96][97]
Peteano massacre	31 May 1972	Sagrado	3	Ordine Nuovo	Three Carabinieri killed in right-wing terrorist bombing
Milan police HQ massacre	17 May 1973	Milan	4	Gianfranco Bertoli	4 killed and 52 injured in bombing.
Argo 16 bombing	23 November 1973	Marghera	4	Unknown	A C-47 aircraft called the Argo 16 is bombed by unknown terrorists, killing all four people on board.
1973 Rome airport attacks and hijacking	17 December 1973	Fiumicino	34	Palestinian terrorists	Airport terminal invasion, firebombing and hijacking of two aircraft by Palestinian terrorists
Alessandria Prison revolt	8-9 May 1974	Alessandria	7 (15 wounded)	Carabinieri	To quell the revolt that broke out in prison, General Carlo Alberto dalla Chiesa sent the riot squad and ordered it to break in: following the clashes there were 7 deaths and 15 injuries[98][99]
Piazza della Loggia bombing	28 May 1974	Brescia	8 (+>90 wounded)	Ordine Nuovo	Bombing by right-wing terrorists[100]
Italicus Express bombing	4 August 1974	San Benedetto Val di Sambro	12 (+48 wounded)	Ordine Nero	Bombing by right-wing terrorists[101]
Querceta massacre [it]	22 October 1975	Querceta, Seravezza, Lucca, Tuscany	3	Massimo Battini and Giuseppe Federigi (Lotta Armata Comunista)[102]	Murder of 3 police Officers by Subversive group Lotta Armata Comunista.[103][104]
Via Caravaggio massacre [it]	30–31 October 1975	Naples	3	Unknown	Unsolved murder of Santangelo family[105]
Acca Larentia killings	7 January 1978	Rome	3	Left-wing extremists	Killing of right-wing activists by left-wing terrorists
Kidnapping of Aldo Moro	16 March 1978 - 9 May 1978	Rome	6	Red Brigades	5 police officers killed instantly in Via Fani ambush Aldo Moro killed after two months[106]
Via Schievano massacre [it]	8 January 1980	Milan	3	Red Brigades	Red Brigades shoot and kill three police officers[107][108]
Ustica massacre	27 June 1980	Tyrrhenian Sea near Ustica	81	Unknown	Airplane brought down by a terrorist bomb or air-to-air missile (findings disputed)[109]
Bologna Station massacre	2 August 1980	Bologna	85 (+>200 wounded)	Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari	bombing by right-wing terrorists[110]
Circonvallazione massacre	16 June 1982	Palermo	5	Mafia
Salerno massacre [it]	26 August 1982	Salerno	3	Red Brigades	One soldier and two policemen killed by Red Brigades terrorists[111][112]
Via Carini massacre	3 September 1982	Palermo	3	Mafia	Attack on gen. Carlo Alberto dalla Chiesa
Via Pipitone massacre [it]	29 July 1983	Palermo	4	Mafia	Car bombing by Mafia, Rocco Chinnici killed[113]
Torre Annunziata massacre [it]	26 August 1984	Torre Annunziata	8	Mafia	7 injured[114][115]
Train 904 bombing	23 December 1984	San Benedetto Val di Sambro	17 (+267 wounded)	Mafia	Terrorist attack by Mafia[116]
Pizzolungo massacre	2 April 1985	Erice	3 (+5 wounded)	Mafia	Attack on magistrate C Palermo by Mafia[117]
Fiumicino massacre	27 December 1985	Rome	16	Abu Nidal Organization	Attack at Rome's international airport, probably carried out by Abu Nidal Organization, who also struck at Vienna's international airport on the same day[118]
1988 Naples bombing	14 April 1988	Naples	5 (15 injured)	Japanese Red Army	4 Italians and 1 American killed by Japanese Red Army car bomb.
Carretta case [it]	4 August 1989	Parma	3	Ferdinando Carretta	Ferdinando Carretta kills his parents and younger brother.[119][120]
Pescopagano massacre	24 April 1990	Pescopagano	5 (7 injured)	Camorra	5 killed in inter-criminal conflict, 7 injured[121]
Gela massacre [it]	27 November 1990	Gela	8 (11 injured)	Mafia	Mafia killings[122]
Via Gobetti massacre	23 December 1990	Via Gobetti, Bologna	2 (2 injured)	White Uno Gang	The White Uno Gang opened fire on Romani caravans in Via Gobetti, Bologna killing Rodolfo Bellinati and Patrizia Della Santina, and injuring two[123]
Pilastro massacre	4 January 1991	Pilastro, Bologna	3	White Uno Gang	The White Uno Gang opened fire on a patrol group of carabinieri, killing three
Sinnai massacre [it]	8 January 1991	Sinnai	3 (1 injured)	Unknown	Until 26 January 2024, Beniamino Zuncheddu was considered guilty, but has been acquitted[124][125]
Capaci bombing	23 May 1992	Capaci	5	Mafia	Attack on magistrate G Falcone by Mafia[126]
Via D'Amelio massacre	19 July 1992	Palermo	6	Mafia	Attack on magistrate P Borsellino by Mafia[127]
Via dei Georgofili massacre	27 May 1993	Florence	5 (+48 wounded)	Mafia	Car bomb by Mafia[128]
Via Palestro massacre	27 July 1993	Milan	5 (+12 wounded)	Mafia	Car bombing by Mafia[129]
Pegli massacre	18 March 1994	Pegli, Genoa	3	Domenico Leotta	Murder of 3 womans by Domenico Leotta[130][131]
Chilivani massacre [it]	16 August 1995	Ozieri	3	Graziano Palmas, Andrea Gusinu	2 Carabinieri and one bandit killed[132]
Ferdinand Gamper serial killings	8 February 1996 - 1° March 1996	South Tyrol	6	Ferdinand Gamper	Also known as "The monster of Merano"
Buonvicino massacre [it]	19 November 1996	Buonvicino, Calabria	6	Alfredo Valente	The police officer Alfredo Valente shot and killed six members of his ex-wife's family with a pistol. He was arrested at another location.[133]
Erba Massacre [it]	11 December 2006	Erba, Lombardy	4	Couple Olindo Romano and Angela Rosa Bazzi	The Couple Olindo Romano and Angela Rosa Bazzi Kills Four people including a 2-Year old Baby[134][135][136]
Castel Volturno massacre	18 September 2008	Castel Volturno	7 (+1 injured)	Casalesi clan	Seven people, including six African immigrants killed at random by the Casalesi clan.
2011 Florence shootings	13 December 2011	Florence, Tuscany	3 (including the perpetrator + 3 injured)	Gianluca Casseri	A member of CasaPound Gianluca Casseri opened fire in a suburb market where many Senegalese immigrants were selling goods before committing suicide[137]
Sant'Anna prison riot	8-9 March 2020	Sant'Anna prison, Modena	9[138]	Prisoners	Prisoners revolt over measures to contain the coronavirus[139][140]
Ardea shooting	13 June 2021	Viale Corona Boreale, Colle Romito, Ardea, Lazio	4 (including the perpetrator)	Andrea Pignani	Andrea Pignani open fire against passersby at a park, killing two children and an elderly man, before committing suicide[141]

List of non-culpable massacres and natural disasters

Roman Italy

Name	Date	Location	Deaths	Notes
Fidenae amphitheater disaster	27 AD	Fidenae	20,000+
Eruption of Vesuvius	24 October 79 AD	Naples	1,500-3,500	possibly up to 16,000 deaths. One of the deadliest eruption in European history. Ejecting molten rock, pulverized pumice and hot ash at 1.5 million tons per second, ultimately releasing 100,000 times the thermal energy of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Circus Maximus partial collapse	140 AD	Rome	1,112	Collapse of the upper tier of the Circus Maximus.[142]
Circus Maximus partial collapse	284 or 286 AD	Rome	13,000	Collapse of a wall of Circus Maximus.[143]

Medieval Italy

Name	Date	Location	Deaths	Notes
1169 Sicily earthquake	4 February 1169	Ionian Sea, near Catania	15,000-25,000	Nearly all Catania people killed. Caused tsunami.
1222 Brescia earthquake	25 December 1222	Capriano del Colle	10,000+
1348 Friuli earthquake	25 January 1348	Tolmezzo, Venzone and Gemona del Friuli	10,000	The earthquake hit in the same year that the Great Plague ravaged Italy.
1456 Central Italy earthquakes	5 December 1456	Pontelandolfo	30,000-70,000	Largest earthquake on the Italian Peninsula.

Modern Italy

Name	Date	Location	Deaths	Notes
1627 Gargano earthquake	30 July 1627	San Severo	5,000	The largest and deadliest seismic event ever recorded in the Apulia region. Caused tsunami.
1638 Calabrian earthquakes	27 March 1638	Near Savuto river	9,581-30,000
1693 Sicily earthquake	11 January 1693	Near Catania	60,000	Almost two-thirds of the entire population of Catania were killed. The main quake had an estimated magnitude of 7.4 on the moment magnitude scale, the most powerful in Italian recorded history
1703 Apennine earthquakes	14 January 1703	Norcia, Montereale, L'Aquila	10,000+
Brescia explosion	18 August 1769	Brescia	3,000	A Lightning bolt caused the explosion of a gunpowder depot, destroying one-sixth of the city.
1783 Calabrian earthquakes	4 February 1783	Palmi, Calabria	32,000-50,000	The earthquakes occurred over a period of nearly two months. Caused tsunami.
1805 Molise earthquake	26 July 1805	Bojano-Macchiagodena	5,573
1857 Basilicata earthquake	16 December 1857	Montemurro	10,000	At the time it was the third-largest known earthquake.
Limito rail disaster [it]	28 November 1893	Pioltello	40

XX and XXI centuries

Name	Date	Location	Deaths	Notes
1905 Calabria earthquake	8 September 1905	Epicenter near Vibo Valentia	557-2,500	Caused a tsunami.
SS Sirio sinking	4 August 1906	Near Cape Palos, Cartagena, Spain. (**)	295-500	The shipwreck gained notoriety because the captain, Giuseppe Piccone, abandoned ship at the first opportunity.
1907 Calabria earthquake	23 October 1907	Ferruzzano	167
1908 Messina earthquake	28 December 1908	Strait of Messina	75,000 - 82,000	One of the worst earthquakes in the 20th century. Caused a tsunami.
1915 Avezzano earthquake	13 January 1915	Avezzano	29,978 - 32,610
1919 Verona Caproni Ca.48 crash	2 August 1919	Verona	14/15/17 (sources vary)
1920 Garfagnana earthquake	7 September 1920	Garfagnana	171
Gleno Dam failure	1 December 1923	Bergamo	356
SS Principessa Mafalda sinking	25 October 1927	near the Abrolhos Archipelago, 80 miles off Salvador de Bahia, Brazil (**)	314	The sinking resulted in the greatest loss of life in Italian shipping and the largest ever in the Southern Hemisphere in peacetime, with the ship that was called "the Italian Titanic"[144]
Emilio Materassi's car crash at 1928 Italian Grand Prix	9 September 1928	Monza	28	Emilio Materassi and 27 spectators were killed when Materassi's car crashed into a grandstand; worst accident after the 1955 Le Mans disaster.
1930 Irpinia earthquake	23 July 1930	Aquilonia, Campania	1404
Molare dam disaster [it]	13 August 1935	Molare	111
Colleferro explosion [it]	29 January 1938	Colleferro	60
SS Orazio sinking [it]	21 January 1940	35 miles off Toulon, France. (**)	108	(See List of maritime disasters in the 20th century for further details.)
Galleria delle Grazie human stampede [it]	23 October 1942	Genoa	354	People were killed by stampede during an attack by the RAF Bomber Command in WWII as they made their way into Galleria delle Grazie, a railway tunnel in use as an air-raid shelter. Rushing down the 150 steps leading underground into the shelter, people fell on top of one another in a crush, accounting for the extremely heavy toll of the stampede.[145]
Caterina Costa explosion	28 March 1943	Naples	600+
Balvano train disaster	3 March 1944	Balvano	517+	The deadliest railway accident in Italian history.
SS Charles Henderson explosion	9 April 1945	Bari	542
Superga air disaster	4 May 1949	Turin	31
1951 Polesine flood [it]	14 November 1951	Province of Rovigo	101 (over 180,000 homeless)	Heavy social and economic consequences
Sinnai flight crash [it]	26 January 1953	Sinnai	19
BOAC Flight 781 crash	10 January 1954	Near Elba island	35
South African Airways Flight 201 crash	8 April 1954	Mediterranean Sea between Naples and Stromboli	21
1954 Ribolla disaster	4 May 1954	Ribolla	43
Sabena Flight 503 crash	13 February 1955	Monte Terminillo, Rieti	29
SS Andrea Doria sinking	25 July 1956	Near the coast of Nantucket, Massachusetts (**)	46
1957 Mille Miglia accident	12 May 1957	Guidizzolo (near Mantua)	13	Driver Alfonso de Portago, his co-driver/navigator, Ed Nelson and nine spectators was killed when Portago and Nelson ploughed into spectators. The Italian government decreed the end of the Mille Miglia race.
British European Airways Flight 142 collision	22 October 1958	Nettuno, near Anzio	31
Wolfgang von Trips's car crash at 1961 Italian Grand Prix	10 September 1961	Monza	15	Wolfgang Von Trips and 14 spectators were killed when Von Trips' car was thrown amidst the audience
1962 Irpinia earthquake	21 August 1962	Irpinia	16
Enrico Mattei air disaster	27 October 1962	Bascapè, near Pavia	3	Enrico Mattei killed together with 2 friends
Vajont disaster	9 October 1963	Vajont	1,917 (and 1,300 definitively missing)
1966 flood of the Arno and 1966 Venice flood	4 November 1966	Florence, Grosseto, Pisa, Pontedera, Venice	101 in Tuscany, 1 in Venice	Worst serie of floods in centuries and worst flood in the Florence's history since 1557.
1968 Belice earthquake	14 January 1968	Western Sicily	231+	New towns constructed
Sinking of the SS London Valour	9 April 1970	Genoa	20
F4 Tornado on Venice	11 September 1970	Venice	36	An F4 Tornado (Fujita scale) hit Venice and sinked a ship (21 deaths on it alone).[146]
SS Heleanna fire [it]	28 August 1971	Off Torre Canne	41	.[147]
1971 RAF Hercules crash	9 November 1971	Off the coast of Livorno by Meloria shoal	52	Worst Italian Army accident since WWII
1976 Cavalese cable car crash	9 March 1976	Cavalese	43
1976 Friuli earthquake	6 May 1976	Gemona del Friuli	990 (and over 3,000 injured)	Famous for its fast recover
Mount Serra Air disaster [it]	3 March 1977	Calci	44
Alitalia Flight 4128 crash	23 December 1978	Tyrrhenian Sea, off Palermo	108
Serafino Ferruzzi's personal jet disaster [it]	10 December 1979	Forlì	5	Serafino Ferruzzi died together with 4 other people
1980 Irpinia earthquake	13 November 1980	Castelnuovo di Conza and Campania	2,483 - 4,900	Famous for its slow and corrupted rebuild period
Vignola palace fire [it]	25 April 1982	Todi	35 (+40 injured)
Champoluc cable car crash [it]	13 February 1983	Champoluc	11	A man, Maurizio Maria Verna (a 29 years old turinese) survived, by not using the cable car, and then died hours later in the Cinema Statuto Fire, in Turin.
Cinema Statuto fire	13 February 1983	Turin	64	Largest disaster after World War II in Turin. The accident prompted a wave of reforms in the laws about public buildings, making fireproof materials and firefighting equipment mandatory for every public space.
Nervi highway disaster [it]	18 December 1983	Genoa	35
Val di Stava dam collapse	19 July 1985	Tesero	268
Giorgio Aiazzone's personal aircraft disaster [it]	6 July 1986	Sartirana Lomellina, near Pavia	3	Giorgio Aiazzone was an Italian entrepreneur that was becoming very famous in the mid-1980s with its group, the . Its Piper PA-34 Seneca was destroyed by a tempest, killing the pilot and a friend.
Elisabetta Montanari explosion [it]	13 March 1987	Port of Ravenna, Ravenna	13
Valtellina disaster	28 July 1987	Valtellina	53
Aero Trasporti Italiani Flight 460 crash	15 October 1987	Mount Crozza, Conca di Crezzo, Province of Como	37
Uganda Airlines Flight 775 crash	17 October 1988	Rome-Fiumicino Airport, Rome	33
Collapse of the Civic Tower of Pavia	17 March 1989	Pavia	4
Crotone rail disaster [it]	16 November 1989	Crotone	12
1990 Carlentini earthquake	13 December 1990	Near Augusta, Sicily	19
Moby Prince disaster	10 April 1991	Livorno	140
Banat Air Flight 166 crash	13 December 1995	Sommacampagna near Verona Airport, Verona	49
1997 Umbria and Marche earthquake	26 September 1996	Annifo and Umbria-Marche territory	11	There were several thousands of foreshocks and aftershocks from May 1997 to April 1998.
Sinking of F174	25-26 December 1996	35 km off-shore of Portopalo di Capo Passero	283 (+27 lost)
1998 Cavalese cable car crash	3 February 1998	Cavalese	20	Caused by a human error of a USAF pilot
Via Vigna Jacobini building collapse [it]	16 December 1998	Rome	27
Via Ventotene gas explosion [it]	27 November 2001	Rome	8
2002 Pirelli Tower airplane crash	18 April 2002	Milan	3 (and 60 injured)	Cause not clear; officially a suicide of the pilot.
2002 Molise earthquakes	31 October 2002	San Giuliano di Puglia	29	Most deaths caused by the collapse of a school in San Giuliano di Puglia.
City-Jet 124 flight crash [it]	24 February 2004	Sinnai	6
Crevalcore train crash	January 2005	Crevalcore	17 (and 80 injured)	Two consecutive human errors
2009 L'Aquila earthquake	6 April 2009	L'Aquila	308 (and over 1500 injured)
2009 Italian Air Force C130 disaster [it]	24 November 2009	Pisa	5
Costa Concordia disaster	13 January 2012	Isola del Giglio	34
2012 Emilia earthquake	20-29 May 2012	Finale Emilia	27
Collision of Jolly Nero and the control tower of Genoea harbour [it]	7 May 2013	Genoa	9 (and 6 injured)	The ship Jolly Nero collided with the control tower of the port of Genoa, making it collapse and nearly killing all the people inside it.
2013 Monteforte Irpino bus crash	28 July 2013	near Neaples	40
2013 Lampedusa migrant shipwreck	3 October 2013	Near Lampedusa island	359+
Cargo Gökbel sinking [it]	28 December 2014	Near Marina di Ravenna (Ravenna) shore	6
MS Norman Atlantic fire [it]	28 December 2014	Strait of Otranto	11
2016-2017 Amatrice earthquake	24 August 2016	Accumoli, Amatrice	299	(Link to the italian wiki page: )
January 2017 Central Italy earthquakes and Rigopiano avalanche	18 January 2017	Farindola	34	Rigopiano avalanche caused 29 deaths alone.
2017 Turin stampede	2 June 2017	Turin	3	More than 1,500 injured
Pioltello train derailment	25 January 2018	Pioltello	3 (and 46 injured)
Collapse of the Morandi Bridge	14 August 2018	Genoa	43 (and 16 injured)
Corinaldo stampede	8 December 2018	Corinaldo	6
Stresa–Mottarone cable car crash	23 May 2021	Mottarone	14
2022 Marmolada serac collapse	3 July 2022	Marmolada	11

(**) For the Italian law, all the Italian ships are considered Italian territory.

See also

• List of accidents and disasters by death toll
• List of lists organized by death toll
• List of maritime disasters in the 20th century
• List of accidents and incidents involving airliners by location

For Italians massacred outside Italy

• Anti-Italianism
• Anti-Catholicism in the United States (and Know Nothing movement)
• Italian Military Internees
• Foibe massacres
• Massacre of Italians at Aigues-Mortes
• March 14, 1891 New Orleans lynchings
• Sacco and Vanzetti

Citations

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2. Diodorus Siculus 13.62.4
3. Diodorus Siculus 13.90.1
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6. Livy 2006, p. 229.
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16. Procopius, History of the Wars VI.XXV
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