List of luminous blue variable stars

This is a list of luminous blue variable stars in order of their distance from Earth.^[1][2][3]

List

Milky Way galaxy (confirmed LBVs)

Star system	Nebula	Median distance (ly)	Stars in system	Spectral type	Apparent magnitude (V)	Comments and references
P Cygni (34 Cygni)		5251±180	1	B1-2 Ia-0ep	4.82	The closest luminous blue variable star to Earth
V4029 Sagittarii (HD 168607)		6,000	1	B9Ia+	8.12 to 8.29	[4][5] near the Omega Nebula
V905 Scorpii (HD 160529)		6,100	1	LBV	6.66	[4][5]
Eta Carinae (Eta Argus)		7,500	2	O + B	−1.0 to ~7.6	part of Trumpler 16 in the Carina Nebula
MWC 930 (V446 Scuti)		11,400	1	B5/9Iaeq	11.51	[4]
WRAY 16-137		12,400	1	LBV	15.5	[6][5]
W1-243		15,000	1	LBV	15.81	[4] in Westerlund 1
HR Carinae		16,000	2	LBV+RSG	8.42	[4][5]
V481 Scuti (LBV G24.73+0.69)		17,000	1	LBV_B[e]:		[4]
AG Carinae		17,000 ± 1,000	1	B	6.96
EM* VRMF 55 (MN44)		18,000 or 35,000	1	LBV	15	[6][7]
[GKF2010] MN48		20,000	1		15.83	[4][5]
GCIRS 34W (WR 101db)		25,000	1	Ofpe/WN9		[6][8] in the galactic center
Pistol Star (V4647 Sgr)		25,114	1	B	>28	part of the Quintuplet cluster
LBV G0.120-0.048 (V4998 Sgr)		26,000	1	WN5b		[6] near the Quintuplet cluster
FMM 362 (V4650 Sgr)		26,000	1	LBV		[6] near the Quintuplet cluster
AFGL 2298 (V1672 Aql)		30,000	1	B8I		[6]
V432 Carinae (Wray 15-751)		33,000	1	LBV	10.20	Also known as AT 2019ooa[4][5]
[GKM2012] WS1		39,000	1	LBV	15.31	[4][5]
[GKF2010] MN58			1			[6]

Milky Way galaxy (candidate LBVs)

Star system	Nebula	Median distance (ly)	Stars in system	Spectral type	Apparent magnitude (V)	Comments and references
HD 148937		3,870	1	O6f?p	6.71	[6] central star of NGC 6164
MWC 349A (V1478 Cygni)		4,560	2–3	B0-1.5 I + B0 III	13.15	[6] maybe ejected from Cygnus OB2
HD 326823		4,700	1	WNpec	9.03	[4][5]
HD 168625		5,000	1	B6Ia+	8.30–8.41	[4][5] near the Omega Nebula
Cygnus OB2-12		5,500	1	B3–4 Ia+	11.702	[4][5] in Cygnus OB2
AS 314		5,600	1	B9Ia	9.85	[6]
Zeta1 Scorpii		5,600	1	B1.5 Iae	4.705	[4][5]
G79.29+0.46		5,700	1	B:I[e]	15.1	[4][5] in Cygnus X
WRAY 16-232		6,850	1	Be	12.5	[6][5]
HD 80077		8,700	1	B2.5Ia+	9.00	[4][5]
HD 316285		10,800	1	B0Ieq	9.60	[4][5]
MWC 314 (V1429 Aquilae)		15,000	3	B3Ibe	9.79 - 10.1	[4][5]
[SBW2007] 1		18,500	1	B1Iab	12.7	[4][5]
Sher 25		21,000	1	cLBV	12.23	[4][5] in NGC 3603
W51 LS1 (V1936 Aquilae)		22,000	1	O4I	15.1	[4][5]
WRAY 17-96		22,000	1	cLBV	~13.0	[4][5]
[B61] 2		22,000	1	LBV_B[e]:	15.00	[6][5]
WR 102ka		26,000	1	WN10		[6] near the galactic center
GCIRS 16SW		27,000	1	Ofpe/WN9		[6] in the galactic center
LBV 1806−20		28,000	1	cLBV		[6] part of the 1806−20 cluster
Hen 3-519		28,000	1	WN11h	10.85	[4][5]
MSX6C G026.4700+00.0207		30,000	1	LBV_B		[6][9]

Magellanic Clouds

The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is around 163 kly distant and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) is around 204 kly distant

Host galaxy	Star system	Stars in system	Spectral type	Apparent magnitude (V)	Comments and references
LMC	S Doradus	1	B8/9eq – F0/5:Iae	8.6 – 11.5
LMC	HD 269858 (R127)	1	B	10.15
LMC	HD 269006 (R71)	1	LBV	10.55	[6]
LMC	HD 269216 (SK −69 75)	1	OBe	11.123	[6]
LMC	HD 269582 (SK −69 142a)	1	WN10h	11.093	[6]
LMC	HD 269662 (R110)	1	A0Ia	10.28	[6]
LMC	HD 269700 (R116)	1	B1.5Iaeq	10.54	[6]
LMC	R143 (CPD-69 463)	1	F7Ia	12.014	[6]
SMC	HD 5980 (R14)	3	WN4+O7I:	11.31	[6]
SMC	HD 6884 (R40)	1	B9Ia0ek	10.2	[6]

Andromeda Galaxy and Triangulum Galaxy

The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) is 2.5 Mly distant and the Triangulum Galaxy is around 3.2 Mly distant

Host galaxy	Star system	Stars in system	Spectral type	Apparent magnitude (V)	Comments and references
Andromeda	LGGS J004051.59+403303.0	1	LBV	16.989	[6]
Andromeda	AE Andromedae (HV 4476)	1	LBV	17.0–17.9	[6]
Andromeda	AF Andromedae (HV 4013)	1	LBV	17.325	[6]
Andromeda	Var 15 ([WB92a] 370)	1	LBV	18.450	[6]
Andromeda	Var A-1	1	LBV	17.143	[6]
Andromeda	UCAC4 660-003111	1	LBV	16.39	[6]
Triangulum	Var C	1	LBV	16.429	[6]
Triangulum	Var B	1	LBV	16.208	[6]
Triangulum	Var 83	1	LBV	15.4–16.6	[6]
Triangulum	Var 2 (Y Trianguli)	1	Ofpe/WN9	18.22	[6]
Triangulum	Romano’s Star (M33 V0532)	1	Ofpe/WN9	16.5–18.8	[6]

Single LBV Galaxies

Host Galaxy	Star system	Median distance (ly)	Stars in system	Spectral type	Apparent magnitude (V)	Comments and references
NGC 3109	AT 2018akx	4,350,000	1	LBV	17.5 - 19.28	[10]
NGC 2403	AT 2016ccd	9,650,000	1	LBV	18.0 - 19.95	Also known as SNhunt225.[11][12]
NGC 4214	SN 2010U	9,700,000	1	LBV	16	[13]
NGC 2363	NGC 2363-V1	10,800,000	1	LBV	17.88	One of the most luminous stars known.
NGC 45	AT 2018htr	21,700,000	1	LBV	17.469	[14]
NGC 2537	AT 2017be	27,900,000	1	LBV	18.349 - 18.5	Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[15]
NGC 4559	AT 2016blu	29,000,000	1	LBV	15.9 – 19	Repeated outbursts have been observed since January 2012.[16][17]
NGC 7286	AT 2019mil	32,400,000	1	LBV	19	Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[18]
UGC 5829	AT 2021blu	43,500,000	1	LBV	18.17 - 21.62	Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[19]
NGC 4656	Variable in NGC 4656	43,700,000	1	LBV	18	Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[20]
NGC 4389	AT 2022fnm	44,700,000	1	LBV	18.495 - 17.855	Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[21]
ESO 249- G 015	AT 2020agp	47,500,000	1	LBV	18.463	Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[22]
NGC 908	AT 2021ablz	56,000,000	1	LBV	20.58	[23]
UGC 5979	SN 2007sv	58,270,000	1	LBV	17.4	Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[24][25]
IC 5267A	AT 2019oet	60,000,000	1	LBV	18.335	Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[26]
NGC 2748	PSN J09132750+7627410	61,300,000	1	LBV	18.3	[27]
NGC 3423	AT 2019ahd	65,600,000	1	LBV	17.83 - 18.73	Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[28]
NGC 1385	AT 2020pju	66,400,000	1	LBV	17.3 - 19.73	[29]
NGC 718	AT 2019udc	69,800,000	1	LBV	17.53 - 19.09	Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[30]
NGC 5334	SN 2003gm	80,196,000	1	LBV	17.0	Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[31]
SDSS J094838.45+332529.1	AT 2020jev	80,200,000	1	LBV	18.74 - 20.33	Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[32]
NGC 6509	PSN J17592296+0617267	95,300,000	1	LBV	18.5	[33]
NGC 4045	AT 2019wbg	111,500,000	1	LBV	17.7 -19.39	Repeated outbursts observed since discovery. Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[34]
NGC 4532	AT 2017des	112,800,000	1	LBV	18.817 - 19.85	Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[35][36]
ESO 602- G 015	AT 2022rmk	113,200,000	1	LBV	19.472 - 20.04	Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[37]
UGC 9113	AT 2017dau	162,100,000	1	LBV	19.32 - 21.32	Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[38]
MCG +07-07-070	AT 2018kle	180,200,000	1	LBV	18.797 - 18.91	Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[39]
UGC 449	AT 2022oku	239,100,000	1	LBV	18.781 - 19.49	Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[40]
WISEA J010803.49+010843.7	AT 2020zmn	262,600,000	1	LBV	20.31 - 20.85	Distance from NED using redshift of host galaxy.[41]

See also

• List of Wolf-Rayet stars
• List of O-type stars

References

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2. Barry, Don C. (January 1970), "Spectral Classification of a and F Stars", Astrophysical Journal Supplement, 19: 281, Bibcode:1970ApJS...19..281B, doi:10.1086/190209.
3. Frost, E. B. (December 1924), "Fourteen spectroscopic binaries", Astrophysical Journal, 60: 319–320, Bibcode:1924ApJ....60..319F, doi:10.1086/142868.
4. Smith, Nathan; Aghakhanloo, Mojgan; Murphy, Jeremiah W.; Drout, Maria R.; Stassun, Keivan G.; Groh, Jose H. (2019). "On the Gaia DR2 distances for Galactic luminous blue variables". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 488 (2): 1760–1778. arXiv:1805.03298. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.488.1760S. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1712. S2CID 119267371.
5. Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e).
6. Richardson, Noel D.; Mehner, Andrea (2018-07-01). "The 2018 Census of Luminous Blue Variables in the Local Group". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 2 (3): 121. arXiv:1807.04262. Bibcode:2018RNAAS...2..121R. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/aad1f3. ISSN 2515-5172.
7. Gvaramadze, V. V.; Kniazev, A. Y.; Berdnikov, L. N. (2015-12-01). "Discovery of a new bona fide luminous blue variable in Norma". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 454 (4): 3710–3721. arXiv:1509.08931. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.454.3710G. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2278. ISSN 0035-8711.
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10. "AT 2018akx". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
11. Bishop, David (9 November 2021). "LBV AT2016ccd in NGC 2403". Rochester Astronomy. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
12. "AT 2016ccd". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
13. Green, Daniel W. E. (7 February 2010). "Electronic Telegram No. 2163". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
14. "AT 2018htr". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
15. "AT 2017be". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
16. Bishop, David (6 July 2021). "LBV 2016blu in NGC 4559". rochesterastronomy.org. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
17. Aghakhanloo, Mojgan; Smith, Nathan; Milne, Peter; Andrews, Jennifer E.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Jencson, Jacob E.; Lau, Ryan M.; Sand, David J.; Wyatt, Samuel; Zheng, WeiKang (2022). "Recurring outbursts of the supernova impostor AT 2016blu in NGC 4559". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 526 (1): 456. arXiv:2212.09708. Bibcode:2023MNRAS.526..456A. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2702.
18. "AT 2019mil". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
19. "AT 2021blu". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
20. Green, Daniel W. E. (24 March 2005). "Circular No. 8498". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
21. "AT 2022fnm". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
22. "AT 2020agp". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
23. "AT 2021ablz". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
24. "2007sv". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
25. Tartaglia, L.; Pastorello, A.; Taubenberger, S.; Cappellaro, E.; Maund, J. R.; Benetti, S.; Boles, T.; Bufano, F.; Duszanowicz, G.; Elias-Rosa, N.; Harutyunyan, A.; Hermansson, L.; Höflich, P.; Maguire, K.; Navasardyan, H.; Smartt, S. J.; Taddia, F.; Turatto, M. (2015). "Interacting supernovae and supernova impostors. SN 2007sv: The major eruption of a massive star in UGC 5979". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 447 (1): 117. arXiv:1406.2120. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.447..117T. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2384.
26. "AT 2019oet". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
27. Fox, Derek (12 February 2015). "Asiago spectroscopic observation of PSN J09132750+7627410". The Astronomer's Telegram. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
28. "AT 2019ahd". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
29. "AT 2020pju". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
30. "AT 2019udc". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
31. "SN 2003gm". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 23 November 2024.
32. "AT 2020jev". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
33. Green, Daniel W. E. (June 30, 2011). "Electronic Telegram No. 2754". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
34. "AT 2022rmk". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
35. "AT 2017des". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
36. "Astronote 2022-36". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
37. "AT 2022rmk". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
38. "AT 2017dau". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
39. "AT 2018kle". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
40. "AT 2022oku". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 29 August 2024.
41. "AT 2020zmn". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 August 2024.