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The Indian state of West Bengal is the site of India's first modern university. Thirty-three universities are listed in the state by the University Grants Commission.[1]
In West Bengal the medium of instruction in colleges and universities is usually Bengali or English. Diploma, certificate courses, advanced diploma program, postgraduate courses and doctoral programs are offered. Research programs offered by the universities are conducted with the aid of specialised institutes.
Kolkata, the capital of West Bengal has played a pioneering role in the development of the modern education system in India. Western models of education came to India through this city. Many of the first schools and colleges were established by the missionaries and reformists. Sir William Jones (philologist) established the Asiatic Society in 1784 for promoting oriental studies. People like Ram Mohan Roy, David Hare, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Ashutosh Mukherjee and William Carey played a leading role in the setting up of modern schools and colleges in the city. The Fort William College was established in 1800. The Hindu College was established in 1817, renamed the Presidency College in 1855.[2]
William Carey established the Serampore College in the city of Serampore in 1818. It went on to become India's first modern university in 1827 when it was incorporated by a Royal Charter as a Danish University. The Sanskrit College was established in 1824. Reverend Alexander Duff of the Church of Scotland established the General Assembly's Institution in 1830 and later the Free Church Institution in 1844, which were later merged to form what is now known as the Scottish Church College, Calcutta. These institutions played a significant role in what came to be known as the Young Bengal Movement and the Bengal Renaissance. La Martiniere Calcutta was established in 1836.
The oldest medical school in Asia, the Calcutta Medical College was set up in 1835. In 1857, the University of Calcutta was established as the first full-fledged multi-disciplinary university in south Asia. It was modelled on the lines of the University of London. Today it is amongst the largest multidisciplinary universities of India and offers some of the widest number of academic disciplines for study.
John Bethune established a school for Indian girls in 1850 at a time when women's education was frowned upon in the society. The Bethune College for girls was set up by him in 1879.[3]
In 1856 technical and engineering education came with the establishment of a civil engineering college / department. This setup went through various reorganisations to finally become the Bengal Engineering College in 1921. The Jesuit administered St Xavier's College was established in 1860. Bengal Engineering and Science University is the second oldest engineering institutes in the country and it was started in the year 1864. They offer the following programs such as B.E, M.E, MCA, MBA, MSC, B. Arch. and Ph.D. programs. Apart from this they also provide part-time courses in the evening for the professionals.[4][better source needed]
The nation's first homoeopathy college was established in the city in 1880. In 1883 Kadambini Ganguly and Chandramukhi Basu became the first women graduates from the University of Calcutta. In the process, they became the first female graduates of the British Empire. Kadambini went on to become the first female physician trained in the Western system of medicine in South Asia.
In 1906, the partition of Bengal led to widespread nationalistic and anti-British feelings.[5] This led to the setting up of the National Council of Education, Bengal. The Science College was established in 1917. The first blind school came into being in 1925.
After independence, Calcutta continued to be in the forefront of the educational scene. The Government College of Art & Craft was established in 1951. The National Council of Education became the Jadavpur University in 1955. The Rabindra Bharati University was established in 1962. This university offers courses in the fine and performing arts. The Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management was set up in 1953 as the country's first management institute and is also the first in the country to offer an MBA degree of a university. The first, Indian Institute of Technology was set up at Kharagpur about 120 km (75 mi) from Calcutta. In 1960 the Regional Engineering college (presently National Institute of Technology) at Durgapur was set up. It is amongst the top NITs in India and also among the oldest. Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, the first among the Indian Institutes of Management, was set up in 1961 at Joka. It was the first national institute for post-graduate studies and research in management sciences. It was established with the help of the MIT Sloan School of Management and the Ford Foundation.
Institutes and universities with particular special status or funding arrangements include: Institutes of Eminence (IoE), Institutes of National Importance (INI); central universities, Government Funded Technical Institutes (GFTI); and the deemed universities. Types with specialist functions include research institutes and universities with national recognition for their field of education.
Institution | Location | Status (Type) | Established | Specialisation | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur | IoE | ||||
Jadavpur University | IoE* | *Note: recommended only, pending as of 2023[update] | |||
Indian Institute of Management Calcutta | Joka | INI (Autonomous) | 1961 | Social Sciences and Management | [6] |
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata | Haringhata | INI (Autonomous) | 2006 | Basic sciences, applied sciences | [7] |
Indian Statistical Institute | Baranagar | INI (Autonomous) | 1959 | Basic sciences, applied sciences, social sciences | [8] |
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur | Kharagpur | INI (Autonomous) | 1951 | Science, Management, Engineering & Technology, Law | [9] |
Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur | Howrah | INI (Autonomous) | 1856 | Sciences, Management, Engineering & Technology | [10] |
Indian Institute of Information Technology, Kalyani | Kalyani | INI (Autonomous) | 2014 | Engineering & Technology, Sciences | [11] |
National Institute of Technology, Durgapur | Durgapur | INI (Autonomous) | 1960 | Engineering & Technology, Sciences, Management | [12] |
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata | Kolkata | INI (Autonomous) | 2007 | Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Engineering | [13] |
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani | Kalyani | INI (Autonomous) | 2019 | Medical, Nursing | [14] |
Visva-Bharati University | Shantiniketan | Central University | 1921 | Arts, Sciences, Social Work, Agriculture, Fine arts, Designing, Music, Drama | [15] |
Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering & Technology | Malda district | GFTI | 2010 | Engineering | [16] |
Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science | Kolkata | Deemed university | 1876 | Basic sciences, applied sciences | [17] |
Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute | Belur Math | Deemed university | 2005 | Agricultural Management, Rural Development, Basic Sciences, Indian Culture and Spirituality | [18] |
National Institute of Technical Teachers' Training and Research, Kolkata | Kolkata | Deemed university | 1965 | Engineering & Technology | [19] |
Status categories: IoE – Institutes of Eminence; INI – Institutes of National Importance; GFTI – Government Funded Technical Institutes |
Institution | Location | Status (Type) | Established | Specialisation | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health | Kolkata | Research institute | 1932 | Hygiene and Public Health | [20] |
S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences | Kolkata | Research institute | 1986 | Basic and Applied Sciences | [21] |
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics | Kolkata | Research institute | 1949 | Basic and Applied Sciences | [22] |
Bose Institute | Kolkata | Research institute | 1917 | Basic and Applied Sciences | [23] |
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre | Kolkata | Research institute | 1977 | Basic and Applied Sciences | [24] |
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology | Kolkata | Research institute | 1935 | Basic and Applied Sciences | [25] |
Indian Centre for Space Physics | Kolkata | Research institute | 1999 | Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space science | [26] |
Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute | Kolkata | Research institute | 1950 | Basic and Applied Sciences | [27] |
Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute | Barrackpore | Research institute | 1959 | Fishery science | [28] |
Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute | Durgapur | Research institute | 1958 | Robotics, Mechatronics, Cybernetics, Manufacturing | [29] |
Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibers | Barrackpore | Research institute | 1953 | Jute and Allied Fibers | [30] |
Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute | Berhampore | Research institute | 1943 | Sericultural Research | [31] |
National Institute of Biomedical Genomics | Kalyani | Research institute | 2009 | Basic and Applied Sciences | [32] |
National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections | Kolkata | Research institute | 1962 | Medical research | [33] |
National Institute of Natural Fibre Engineering and Technology | Kolkata | Research institute | 1938 | Jute and Allied Fibres | [34] |
West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences | Kolkata | National Law University | 1999 | Law | [35] |
Universities in India may be public or private. Other than the central universities – of which there is one in West Bengal – public universities are funded by the state government. Non-government universities are privately funded. Public state universities are listed in the first table shown below, with private universities in a separate second table below that.
University | Location | Type | Est. | Specialisation | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adamas University | Barasat | Private | 2014 | Sciences, Management, Humanities, Engineering & Technology | [72] |
Amity University, Kolkata | New Town | Global Private | 2015 | Sciences, Management, Humanities, Engineering & Technology | [73] |
Brainware University | Kolkata | Private | 2015 | Engineering & Technology, Agriculture, Sciences, Management, Law, Pharmacy, Nursing, Humanities, Psychology | [74] |
International Management Institute Kolkata | Kolkata | Autonomous Management Institute | 2011 | Management | [75] |
JIS University | Agarpara | Private | 2014 | Science, Engineering & Technology, Pharmacy, Management, Law | [76] |
Neotia University | Sarisha | Private | 2015 | Sciences, Management, Agriculture, Humanities, Engineering & Technology | [77] |
Seacom Skills University | Santiniketan (Bolpur) | Private | 2014 | Sciences, Engineering & Technology | [78] |
Sister Nivedita University | New Town | Private | 2017 | Science, Engineering & Technology, Management, Social Science & Women Studies | [79] |
St. Xavier's University, Kolkata | Kolkata | Private | 2017 | Management, Commerce, Humanities, Law, Mass Communication | [80] |
Swami Vivekananda University, Barrackpore | Barrackpore | Private | 2020 | Science, Engineering & Technology, Management, Social Science & Women Studies | [81] |
Techno India University | Kolkata | Private | 2012 | Sciences, Management, Engineering & Technology | [82] |
University of Engineering & Management (UEM), Kolkata | New Town | Private | 2015 | Engineering, Technology & Management | [83] |
There are several types of medical colleges in West Bengal with funding from different sources. Of the thirty-three listed below, nine are privately funded, and twenty-three are state government-funded. One is centrally-funded and -administered by the Indian Ministry of Labour and Employment through the autonomous Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC). The West Bengal University of Health Sciences (WBUHS) is the affiliating university with jurisdiction for medical colleges in the state.
AYUSH institutions provide training in alternative medicine and traditional health care systems of South Asia (ayurveda, yoga and naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa, and homeopathy). These systems are governed in India by the ministry of Ayush.
Institution | Location | Support | Established | Affiliation | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bengal Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital | Asansol | Private | 1980 | WBUHS | |
Birbhum Vivekananda Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital | Sainthia | Private | 1972 | WBUHS | |
Burdwan Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital | Burdwan | Private | 1978 | WBUHS | |
Calcutta Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital | Kolkata | State | 1881 | WBUHS | |
D.N. De Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital | Kolkata | State | 1927 | WBUHS | |
Kharagpur Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital | Kharagpur | Private | 1971 | WBUHS | |
Mahesh Bhattacharya Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital | Howrah | State | 1967 | WBUHS | |
Metropolitan Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital | Sodepur | Private | 1972 | WBUHS | |
Midnapore Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital | Paschim Medinipur | State | 1945 | WBUHS | |
National Institute of Homoeopathy | Bidhannagar | Central Funded | 1975 | WBUHS | |
Netai Charan Chakravarty Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital | Howrah | Private | 1983 | WBUHS | |
Pratap Chandra Memorial Homoeopathic Hospital & College | Kolkata | State | 1923 | WBUHS |
Government Funded:
|
Privately Funded:
|
Name | Est. | City | Affiliation | Type | Degrees Offered (Engineering Only) |
Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IIT Kharagpur | 1951 | Kharagpur | Ministry of Education, Government of India | Public | B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D. | [91] |
NIT Durgapur | 1960 | Durgapur | Ministry of Education, Government of India | Public | B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D. | [92] |
IIEST Shibpur | 1856 | Howrah | Ministry of Education, Government of India | Public | B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D. | [93] |
ISI Kolkata | 1931 | Kolkata | MoSPI, Government of India | Public | M.Tech., Ph.D. | [94] |
IIIT Kalyani | 2014 | Kalyani | Ministry of Education, Government of India, Government of West Bengal, Coal India | Semi-Public | B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D. | [95] |
Jadavpur University | 1955 | Kolkata | Government of West Bengal | Public | B.E., M.E., Ph.D. | [96] |
UCSTA Calcutta | 1914 | Kolkata | Calcutta University, Government of West Bengal |
Public | B.Tech., M.Tech. | [97] |
UIT Burdwan | 1999 | Burdwan | Burdwan University, Government of West Bengal |
Public | B.E., M.E. | [98] |
Kalyani University | 1960 | Kalyani | Government of West Bengal | Public | B.Tech., M.Tech. | [99] |
Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya | 1974 | Mohanpur | Government of West Bengal | Public | B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D. | [100] |
Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya | 2001 | Pundibari | Government of West Bengal | Public | B.Tech. | [101] |
West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences | 1995 | Mohanpur | Government of West Bengal | Public | B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D. | [102] |
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology | 2001 | Haringhata | Government of West Bengal | Public | B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D. | [103] |
Kazi Nazrul University | 2012 | Asansol | Government of West Bengal | Public | B.Tech. | [104] |
Aliah University | 2008 | Kolkata | Government of West Bengal | Public | B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D. | [105] |
Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering & Technology | 2010 | Malda | GFTI | Semi-Public | B.Tech. | [106] |
Adamas University | 2014 | Barasat | AICTE | Private | B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D. | [107] |
University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata | 2015 | Kolkata | AICTE | Private | B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D. | [108] |
JIS University | 2014 | Agarpara | AICTE | Private | B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D. | [109] |
Seacom Skills University | 2014 | Bolpur | AICTE | Private | B.Tech., M.Tech. | [110] |
Sister Nivedita University | 2017 | Kolkata | AICTE | Private | B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D. | [111] |
Swami Vivekananda University, Barrackpore | 2020 | Barrackpore | AICTE | Private | B.Tech., M.Tech. | [112] |
Techno India University | 2012 | Salt Lake Sector-V | AICTE | Private | B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D. | [113] |
Name | Established | Location | Type | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alipurduar Government Engineering and Management College | 2023 | Alipurduar | State | [114] |
Cooch Behar Government Engineering College | 2016 | Cooch Behar | State | |
Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology | 1919 | Salt Lake City, Kolkata | State | |
Government College of Engineering & Textile Technology | 1927 | Berhampore, Murshidabad | State | |
Government College of Engineering and Ceramic Technology | 1941 | Kolkata | State | |
Government College of Engineering & Textile Technology | 1908 | Serampore, Hooghly district | State | |
Jalpaiguri Government Engineering College | 1961 | Jalpaiguri | State | |
Kalyani Government Engineering College | 1995 | Kalyani, Nadia | State | |
Ramkrishna Mahato Government Engineering College | 2016 | Joypur, Purulia | State |
Government general degree colleges (GGDC) are public educational institutes set up and administered under the University Grants Commission (UGC). State or union governments manage them, but the colleges are affiliated to a university for their course structure.
In Cooch Behar:
Within Darjeeling:
In Howrah:
In Jalpaiguri:
Located in Nadia district:
Located within North 24 Parganas:
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