List of ecoregions in Turkey

The following is a list of ecoregions in Turkey as identified by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).

Terrestrial

Turkey is in the Palearctic realm. Ecoregions are sorted by biome.

Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests

• Balkan mixed forests (Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Turkey)
• Caucasus mixed forests (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia, Turkey)
• Central Anatolian deciduous forests (Turkey)
• Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests (Turkey)
• Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests (Georgia, Turkey, Bulgaria)
• Zagros Mountains forest steppe (Iran, Iraq, Turkey)

Temperate coniferous forests

• Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests (Turkey)

Temperate grasslands, savannas and shrublands

• Central Anatolian steppe (Turkey)
• Eastern Anatolian montane steppe (Armenia, Iran, Turkey)

Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub

• Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests (Greece, North Macedonia, Turkey)
• Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests (Turkey)
• Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests (Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Turkey)
• Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests (Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey)

Freshwater

• Central Anatolia
• Kura-South Caspian drainages
• Lake Van
• Northern Anatolia
• Orontes
• Southern Anatolia
• Thrace (freshwater)
• Upper Tigris and Euphrates
• Western Anatolia
• Western Transcaucasia

Marine

• Aegean Sea
• Black Sea
• Levantine Sea

References

• Olson, D., Dinerstein, E., Canevari, P., Davidson, I., Castro, G., Morisset, V., Abell, R., and Toledo, E.; eds. (1998). Freshwater Biodiversity of Latin America and the Caribbean: A Conservation Assessment. Biodiversity Support Program, Washington DC.
• Ricketts, Taylor H., Eric Dinerstein, David M. Olson, Colby J. Loucks, et al. (1999). Terrestrial Ecoregions of North America: a Conservation Assessment. Island Press, Washington DC.
• Spalding, Mark D., Helen E. Fox, Gerald R. Allen, Nick Davidson et al. "Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas". Bioscience Vol. 57 No. 7, July/August 2007, pp. 573–583.
• Thieme, Michelle L. (2005). Freshwater Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment. Island Press, Washington DC.