List of countries by income inequality

This is a list of countries and territories by income inequality metrics, as calculated by the World Bank, UNU-WIDER, OCDE, and World Inequality Database, based on different indicators, like Gini coefficient and specific income ratios. Income from black market economic activity is not included.

Global map of countries by high inequality (based on Gini index), 2022, according to Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP)^[1]

•   <30
•   30-35
•   35-40
•   40-45
•   45-50
•   50+

The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1 or 100, where 0 represents perfect equality (everyone has the same income), while an index of 1 or 100 implies perfect inequality (one person has all the income and everyone else has no income).

Income ratios include the pre-tax national income share held by top 10% of the population and the ratio of the upper bound value of the ninth decile (i.e. the 10% of people with highest income) to that of the upper bound value of the first decile (the ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%).

Income distribution can vary greatly from wealth distribution in a country.

List of countries by income inequality based on Gini coefficient

Country/Territory	UN Region	World Bank Income group (2024)	Gini coefficient[a]
			WB  [2]	Year	UNU- WIDER[3]	Year	OECD[4][5][6]	Year
Afghanistan	Southern Asia	Low income			31.00	2017
Angola	Middle Africa	Lower middle income	51.3	2018	51.27	2019
Albania	Southern Europe	Upper middle income	29.4	2020	29.42	2020
Andorra	Southern Europe	High income			27.96	2016
United Arab Emirates	Western Asia	High income	26.4	2018	25.97	2019
Argentina	South America	Upper middle income	40.7	2022	37.80	2022
Armenia	Western Asia	Upper middle income	27.9	2022	27.94	2021
Australia	Australia and New Zealand	High income	34.3	2018	34.33	2018
Austria	Western Europe	High income	30.7	2021	30.70	2022	28.1	2021
Azerbaijan	Western Asia	Upper middle income	26.6	2005	26.55	2005
Burundi	Eastern Africa	Low income	37.5	2020	38.62	2014
Belgium	Western Europe	High income	26.6	2021	26.70	2022	25.6	2021
Benin	Western Africa	Lower middle income	34.4	2021	37.95	2019
Burkina Faso	Western Africa	Low income	37.4	2021	43.02	2019
Bangladesh	Southern Asia	Lower middle income	33.4	2022	32.39	2016
Bulgaria	Eastern Europe	High income	39.0	2021	39.01	2022
Bahrain	Western Asia	High income			59.60	2015
Bahamas	Caribbean	High income			41.40	2013
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Southern Europe	Upper middle income	33.0	2011	33.03	2011
Belarus	Eastern Europe	Upper middle income	24.4	2020	24.38	2020
Belize	Central America	Upper middle income	53.2	1999	53.26	1999
Bolivia	South America	Lower middle income	40.9	2021	40.91	2021
Brazil	South America	Upper middle income	52.0	2022	51.40	2022
Barbados	Caribbean	High income			32.00	2017
Brunei	South-eastern Asia	High income			56.40	1981
Bhutan	Southern Asia	Lower middle income	28.5	2022	28.46	2022
Botswana	Southern Africa	Upper middle income	53.3	2015	53.33	2016
Central African Republic	Middle Africa	Low income	43.0	2021	43.05	2021
Canada	Northern America	High income	31.7	2019	28.80	2021	29.2	2021
Switzerland	Western Europe	High income	33.7	2020	33.82	2021
Chile	South America	High income	43.0	2022	44.50	2022	44.8	2022
China	Eastern Asia	Upper middle income	35.7	2021	36.67	2020
Ivory Coast	Western Africa	Lower middle income	35.3	2021	37.17	2019
Cameroon	Middle Africa	Lower middle income	42.2	2021	46.64	2014
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Middle Africa	Low income	44.7	2020
Republic of the Congo	Middle Africa	Lower middle income	48.9	2011	48.94	2012
Colombia	South America	Upper middle income	54.8	2022	52.90	2021
Comoros	Eastern Africa	Lower middle income	45.3	2014	45.33	2014
Cape Verde	Western Africa	Lower middle income	42.4	2015	42.38	2015
Costa Rica	Central America	Upper middle income	46.7	2023	47.15	2022	47.2	2022
Cuba	Caribbean	Upper middle income			38.00	2000
Cyprus	Western Asia	High income	31.3	2021	31.25	2022
Czech Republic	Eastern Europe	High income	26.2	2021	26.24	2022	25.5	2021
Germany	Western Europe	High income	32.4	2020	30.64	2022
Djibouti	Eastern Africa	Lower middle income	41.6	2017	41.59	2017
Denmark	Northern Europe	High income	28.3	2021	28.47	2022
Dominican Republic	Caribbean	Upper middle income	37.0	2022	38.10	2022
Algeria	Northern Africa	Upper middle income	27.6	2011	27.62	2012
Ecuador	South America	Upper middle income	44.6	2023	45.47	2022
Egypt	Northern Africa	Lower middle income	31.9	2019	31.89	2020
Spain	Southern Europe	High income	33.9	2021	33.99	2022	32.0	2021
Estonia	Northern Europe	High income	31.8	2021	31.95	2022	32.1	2021
Ethiopia	Eastern Africa	Low income	35.0	2015	34.99	2016
Finland	Northern Europe	High income	27.7	2021	28.71	2022	27.4	2022
Fiji	Melanesia	Upper middle income	30.7	2019	30.71	2020
France	Western Europe	High income	31.5	2021	31.63	2022	29.8	2021
Federated States of Micronesia	Micronesia	Lower middle income	40.1	2013	40.06	2013
Gabon	Middle Africa	Upper middle income	38.0	2017	38.02	2017
United Kingdom	Northern Europe	High income	32.4	2021	34.24	2022	35.4	2021
Georgia	Western Asia	Upper middle income	33.5	2022	36.93	2021
Ghana	Western Africa	Lower middle income	43.5	2016	43.52	2017
Guinea	Western Africa	Lower middle income	29.6	2018	29.59	2019
Gambia	Western Africa	Low income	38.8	2020	38.76	2021
Guinea-Bissau	Western Africa	Low income	33.4	2021	34.77	2019
Equatorial Guinea	Middle Africa	Upper middle income			50.20	2006
Greece	Southern Europe	High income	32.9	2021	33.25	2022	31.2	2021
Grenada	Caribbean	Upper middle income	43.8	2018	36.60	2008
Greenland	Northern America	High income			35.40	2018
Guatemala	Central America	Upper middle income	48.3	2014	48.28	2014
Guyana	South America	High income	45.0	1998	35.00	2006
Hong Kong	Eastern Asia	High income			42.00	2016
Honduras	Central America	Lower middle income	48.2	2019	48.10	2021
Croatia	Southern Europe	High income	28.9	2021	28.92	2022
Haiti	Caribbean	Lower middle income	41.1	2012	41.10	2012
Hungary	Eastern Europe	High income	29.2	2021	29.32	2022	27.8	2021
Indonesia	South-eastern Asia	Upper middle income	36.1	2023	37.92	2022
India	Southern Asia	Lower middle income	32.8	2021	37.06	2022
Ireland	Northern Europe	High income	30.1	2021	30.29	2022	29.1	2021
Iran	Southern Asia	Upper middle income	34.8	2022	40.94	2020
Iraq	Western Asia	Upper middle income	29.5	2012	47.20	2013
Iceland	Northern Europe	High income	26.1	2017	26.27	2018
Israel	Western Asia	High income	37.9	2021	34.00	2020	34.8	2021
Italy	Southern Europe	High income	34.8	2021	34.92	2022	33.0	2021
Jamaica	Caribbean	Upper middle income	40.2	2021	37.48	2017
Jordan	Western Asia	Lower middle income	33.7	2010	33.58	2014
Japan	Eastern Asia	High income	32.9	2013	33.40	2018	33.8	2021
Kazakhstan	Central Asia	Upper middle income	29.2	2021	27.79	2018
Kenya	Eastern Africa	Lower middle income	38.7	2021	38.70	2021
Kyrgyzstan	Central Asia	Lower middle income	26.4	2022	28.99	2020
Cambodia	South-eastern Asia	Lower middle income			30.76	2012
Kiribati	Micronesia	Lower middle income	27.8	2019	27.83	2020
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Caribbean	High income			40.00	2009
South Korea	Eastern Asia	High income	32.9	2021	33.10	2020	32.4	2022
Kuwait	Western Asia	High income			36.02	2000
Laos	South-eastern Asia	Lower middle income	38.8	2018	38.80	2019
Lebanon	Western Asia	Lower middle income	31.8	2011	31.83	2012
Liberia	Western Africa	Low income	35.3	2016	35.27	2016
Libya	Northern Africa	Upper middle income			30.20	2008
Saint Lucia	Caribbean	Upper middle income	43.7	2015	51.23	2016
Sri Lanka	Southern Asia	Lower middle income	37.7	2019	37.66	2019
Lesotho	Southern Africa	Lower middle income	44.9	2017	44.88	2018
Lithuania	Northern Europe	High income	36.7	2021	36.68	2022	36.6	2021
Luxembourg	Western Europe	High income	32.7	2021	32.91	2022	28.4	2021
Latvia	Northern Europe	High income	34.3	2021	34.56	2022	34.3	2022
Morocco	Northern Africa	Lower middle income	39.5	2013	39.55	2014
Moldova	Eastern Europe	Upper middle income	25.7	2021	25.73	2021
Madagascar	Eastern Africa	Low income	42.6	2012	42.65	2013
Maldives	Southern Asia	Upper middle income	29.3	2019	29.29	2020
Mexico	Central America	Upper middle income	43.5	2022	44.01	2022	40.0	2022
Marshall Islands	Micronesia	Upper middle income	35.5	2019	35.48	2020
North Macedonia	Southern Europe	Upper middle income	33.5	2019	33.51	2020
Mali	Western Africa	Low income	35.7	2021	35.28	2021
Malta	Southern Europe	High income	31.4	2020	31.64	2022
Myanmar	South-eastern Asia	Lower middle income	30.7	2017	30.70	2017
Montenegro	Southern Europe	Upper middle income	34.3	2021	32.90	2020
Mongolia	Eastern Asia	Upper middle income	31.4	2022	32.74	2018
Mozambique	Eastern Africa	Low income	50.3	2019	50.45	2020
Mauritania	Western Africa	Lower middle income	32.0	2019	32.62	2014
Mauritius	Eastern Africa	Upper middle income	36.8	2017	38.47	2012
Malawi	Eastern Africa	Low income	38.5	2019	38.54	2020
Malaysia	South-eastern Asia	Upper middle income	40.7	2021
Namibia	Southern Africa	Upper middle income	59.1	2015	59.07	2016
Niger	Western Africa	Low income	32.9	2021	37.26	2019
Nigeria	Western Africa	Lower middle income	35.1	2018	35.13	2019
Nicaragua	Central America	Lower middle income	46.2	2014	46.16	2014
Netherlands	Western Europe	High income	25.7	2021	26.04	2022	28.8	2022
Norway	Northern Europe	High income	27.7	2019	29.48	2021	26.2	2022
Nepal	Southern Asia	Lower middle income	30.0	2022	32.84	2011
Nauru	Micronesia	High income	32.4	2012	32.36	2013
New Zealand	Australia and New Zealand	High income			32.00	2020
Oman	Western Asia	High income			30.09	2019
Pakistan	Southern Asia	Lower middle income	29.6	2018	29.59	2019
Panama	Central America	High income	48.9	2023	49.60	2022
Peru	South America	Upper middle income	40.3	2022	40.25	2021
Philippines	South-eastern Asia	Lower middle income	40.7	2021	40.68	2021
Palau	Micronesia	High income			43.00	2014
Papua New Guinea	Melanesia	Lower middle income	41.9	2009	41.85	2010
Poland	Eastern Europe	High income	28.5	2021	28.56	2022	26.1	2021
Puerto Rico	Caribbean	High income			55.80	2003
Portugal	Southern Europe	High income	34.6	2021	34.59	2022	31.3	2021
Paraguay	South America	Upper middle income	45.1	2022	45.11	2022
Palestine	Western Asia	Lower middle income	33.7	2016	33.69	2017
Qatar	Western Asia	High income	35.1	2017	24.60	2013
Réunion	Eastern Africa	—			51.00	1977
Romania	Eastern Europe	High income	33.9	2021	34.10	2022
Russia	Eastern Europe	High income	35.1	2021	36.03	2020
Rwanda	Eastern Africa	Low income	43.7	2016	43.71	2017
Saudi Arabia	Western Asia	High income			42.20	2018
Sudan	Northern Africa	Low income	34.2	2014	34.24	2014
Senegal	Western Africa	Lower middle income	36.2	2021	38.31	2019
Singapore	South-eastern Asia	High income			47.30	2011
Solomon Islands	Melanesia	Lower middle income	37.1	2012	37.05	2013
Sierra Leone	Western Africa	Low income	35.7	2018	35.69	2018
El Salvador	Central America	Upper middle income	38.8	2022	38.76	2022
San Marino	Southern Europe	High income			27.70	2017
Somalia	Eastern Africa	Low income			36.30	2016
Serbia	Southern Europe	Upper middle income	33.1	2021	34.98	2021
South Sudan	Eastern Africa	Low income	44.1	2016	44.14	2017
São Tomé and Príncipe	Middle Africa	Lower middle income	40.7	2017	40.75	2017
Suriname	South America	Upper middle income	39.2	2022	38.10	2017
Slovakia	Eastern Europe	High income	24.1	2021	24.12	2022	21.7	2021
Slovenia	Southern Europe	High income	24.3	2021	24.28	2022	24.2	2021
Sweden	Northern Europe	High income	29.8	2021	30.08	2022	29.0	2022
Eswatini	Southern Africa	Lower middle income	54.6	2016	54.58	2017
Seychelles	Eastern Africa	High income	32.1	2018	32.13	2019
Syria	Western Asia	Low income	26.6	2022	34.20	2007
Turks and Caicos Islands	Caribbean	High income			37.00	1999
Chad	Middle Africa	Low income	37.4	2022	37.50	2019
Togo	Western Africa	Low income	37.9	2021
Thailand	South-eastern Asia	Upper middle income	34.9	2021	35.12	2021
Tajikistan	Central Asia	Lower middle income	34.0	2015	34.00	2015
Turkmenistan	Central Asia	Upper middle income	40.8	1998	40.81	1998
Timor-Leste	South-eastern Asia	Lower middle income	28.7	2014	28.65	2014
Tonga	Polynesia	Upper middle income	27.1	2021	33.52	2015
Trinidad and Tobago	Caribbean	High income	40.2	1992	40.27	1992
Tunisia	Northern Africa	Lower middle income	33.7	2021	32.82	2016
Turkey	—	Upper middle income	44.4	2021	42.60	2021	43.3	2021
Tuvalu	Polynesia	Upper middle income	39.1	2010	39.14	2010
Taiwan	Eastern Asia	High income			32.58	2021
Tanzania	Eastern Africa	Lower middle income	40.5	2018	40.49	2018
Uganda	Eastern Africa	Low income	42.7	2019	42.71	2020
Ukraine	Eastern Europe	Upper middle income	25.6	2020	25.63	2020
Uruguay	South America	High income	40.6	2022
United States	Northern America	High income	41.3	2022	39.79	2022	39.6	2022
Uzbekistan	Central Asia	Lower middle income	31.2	2022	35.27	2003
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Caribbean	Upper middle income			40.00	2008
Venezuela	South America	—	44.7	2006	37.80	2014
Vietnam	South-eastern Asia	Lower middle income	36.1	2022	36.81	2020
Vanuatu	Melanesia	Lower middle income	32.3	2019	32.32	2020
Samoa	Polynesia	Lower middle income	38.7	2013	38.73	2014
Kosovo	Southern Europe	Upper middle income	29.0	2017	29.01	2017
Yemen	Western Asia	Low income	36.7	2014	36.71	2014
South Africa	Southern Africa	Upper middle income	63.0	2014	66.99	2017
Zambia	Eastern Africa	Lower middle income	51.5	2022	44.00	2022
Zimbabwe	Eastern Africa	Lower middle income	50.3	2019	50.26	2019
Gini coefficient, or Gini index, measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.

List of EU countries by income inequality based on Gini coefficient

Member state	Gini coefficient[7]
	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Austria	27.4	27.6	27.0	27.6	27.2	27.2	27.9	26.8	27.5	27.0	26.7	27.8	28.1
Belgium	26.3	26.5	25.9	25.9	26.2	26.3	26.1	25.7	25.1	25.4	24.1	24.9	24.2
Bulgaria	35.0	33.6	35.4	35.4	37.0	37.7	40.2	39.6	40.8	40.0	39.7	38.4	37.2
Croatia	31.2	30.9	30.9	30.2	30.4	29.8	29.9	29.7	29.2	28.3	29.2	28.5	29.7
Cyprus	29.2	31.0	32.4	34.8	33.6	32.1	30.8	29.1	31.1	29.3	29.4	29.4	29.6
Czech Republic	25.2	24.9	24.6	25.1	25.0	25.1	24.5	24.0	24.0	24.2	24.9	24.8	24.4
Denmark	26.6	26.5	26.8	27.7	27.4	27.7	27.6	27.8	27.5	27.3	27.0	27.7	28.2
Estonia	31.9	32.5	32.9	35.6	34.8	32.7	31.6	30.6	30.5	30.5	30.6	31.9	31.8
Finland	25.8	25.9	25.4	25.6	25.2	25.4	25.3	25.9	26.2	26.5	25.7	26.6	26.6
France	30.8	30.5	30.1	29.2	29.2	29.3	28.8	28.5	29.2	29.2	29.3	29.8	29.7
Germany	29.0	28.3	29.7	30.7	30.1	29.5	29.1	31.1	29.7	30.5	31.2	29.0	29.4
Greece	33.5	34.3	34.4	34.5	34.2	34.3	33.4	32.3	31.0	31.4	32.4	31.4	31.8
Hungary	26.9	27.2	28.3	28.6	28.2	28.2	28.1	28.7	28.0	28.0	27.6	27.4	29.0
Ireland	29.8	30.4	30.7	31.1	29.7	29.6	30.6	28.9	28.3	28.3	26.6	26.9	27.4
Italy	32.5	32.4	32.8	32.4	32.4	33.1	32.7	33.4	32.8	32.5	32.9	32.7	31.5
Latvia	35.1	35.7	35.2	35.5	35.4	34.5	34.5	35.6	35.2	34.5	35.7	34.3	34.0
Lithuania	33.0	32.0	34.6	35.0	37.9	37.0	37.6	36.9	35.4	35.1	35.4	36.2	35.7
Luxembourg	27.2	28.0	30.4	28.7	28.5	29.6	29.2	31.3	32.3	31.2	29.6	29.1	30.6
Malta	27.2	27.1	28.0	27.7	28.1	28.6	28.2	28.7	28.0	30.3	31.2	31.1	33.0
Netherlands	25.8	25.4	25.1	26.2	26.7	26.9	27.1	27.4	26.8	28.2	26.4	26.3	26.4
Poland	31.1	30.9	30.7	30.8	30.6	29.8	29.2	27.8	28.5	27.2	26.8	26.3	27.0
Portugal	34.2	34.5	34.2	34.5	34.0	33.9	33.5	32.1	31.9	31.2	33.0	32.0	33.7
Romania	33.5	34.0	34.6	35.0	37.4	34.7	33.1	35.1	34.8	33.8	34.3	32.0	31.0
Slovakia	25.7	25.3	24.2	26.1	23.7	24.3	23.2	20.9	22.8	20.9	21.8	21.2	21.6
Slovenia	23.8	23.7	24.4	25.0	24.5	24.4	23.7	23.4	23.9	23.5	23.0	23.1	23.4
Spain	34.0	34.2	33.7	34.7	34.6	34.5	34.1	33.2	33.0	32.1	33.0	32.0	31.5
Sweden	26.0	26.0	26.0	26.9	26.7	27.6	28.0	27.0	27.6	26.9	26.8	27.6	29.5
European Union	30.5	30.4	30.6	30.9	30.8	30.6	30.3	30.4	30.2	30.0	30.2	29.6	29.6
Eurozone	30.6	30.5	30.7	31.0	30.7	30.7	30.4	30.6	30.2	30.3	30.5	—	—
Serbia[a]	—	—	38.0	38.3	40.0	39.8	37.8	35.6	33.3	33.3	33.3	33.2	—
Montenegro[b]	—	—	38.5	36.5	36.5	36.5	36.7	34.7	34.1	32.9	32.5	31.5	—
Notes:   Pink-coloured cells indicate a break in the time series.   Green-coloured cells indicate estimated values. Serbia is a negotiating candidate to the EU. Montenegro is a negotiating candidate to the EU.

List of OECD countries by income inequality based on Gini coefficient

Country	Gini coefficient[8]
	Before taxes and transfers	After taxes and transfers	Year
Australia	0.441	0.318	2020
Austria	0.486	0.274	2019
Belgium	0.489	0.262	2019
Canada	0.438	0.280	2020
Chile	0.495	0.460	2017
Costa Rica	0.551	0.487	2021
Czech Republic	0.432	0.248	2019
Denmark	0.445	0.268	2019
Estonia	0.465	0.305	2019
Finland	0.516	0.265	2020
France	0.519	0.292	2019
Germany	0.497	0.296	2019
Greece	0.525	0.308	2019
Hungary	0.463	0.286	2019
Iceland	0.369	0.250	2017
Ireland	0.520	0.292	2018
Israel	0.449	0.342	2019
Italy	0.511	0.330	2018
Japan	0.570	0.381	2021
Latvia	0.483	0.355	2020
Lithuania	0.495	0.357	2019
Luxembourg	0.490	0.305	2019
Mexico	0.435	0.420	2020
Netherlands	0.453	0.304	2020
New Zealand	0.454	0.320	2020
Norway	0.436	0.263	2020
Poland	0.452	0.281	2018
Portugal	0.511	0.310	2019
Slovakia	0.383	0.222	2019
Slovenia	0.444	0.246	2019
South Korea	0.405	0.331	2020
Spain	0.491	0.320	2019
Sweden	0.433	0.276	2020
Switzerland	0.402	0.316	2019
Turkey	0.502	0.415	2019
United Kingdom	0.507	0.355	2020
United States	0.517	0.375	2021

List of countries by income inequality based on different income ratios

List of countries by income inequality based on Pre-tax national income share held by top 10% of the population, Income Decile 1 and Interdecile P90/P10

Country/Territory	UN Region	World Bank Income group (2024)	Pre-tax national income Top 10% share[a]		Income Decile 1[b]				Interdecile P90/P10[c]
			World Inequality Database[9]	Year	UNU- WIDER[3]	Year	Poverty and Inequality Platform[10]	Year	OECD[11][12][13]	Year
Afghanistan	Southern Asia	Low income	41.94%	2022
Angola	Middle Africa	Lower middle income	58.01%	2022	1.33	2019	1.335	2018
Albania	Southern Europe	Upper middle income	32.14%	2022	3.41	2020	3.418	2020
Andorra	Southern Europe	High income	34.84%	2022	4.30	2016
United Arab Emirates	Western Asia	High income	47.78%	2022	3.98	2019	2.835	2018
Argentina	South America	Upper middle income	43.91%	2022	1.83	2021	2.008	2022
Armenia	Western Asia	Upper middle income	46.77%	2022	3.97	2021	3.904	2022
Australia	Australia and New Zealand	High income	32.91%	2022	2.68	2018	2.765	2018	4.3	2020
Austria	Western Europe	High income	34.19%	2022	1.89	2022	2.765	2021	3.5	2021
Azerbaijan	Western Asia	Upper middle income	42.87%	2022	6.14	2018	4.848	2005
Burundi	Eastern Africa	Low income	48.39%	2022	2.76	2014	2.876	2020
Belgium	Western Europe	High income	29.54%	2022	2.26	2022	3.645	2021	3.1	2021
Benin	Western Africa	Lower middle income	46.94%	2022	2.88	2019	3.108	2021
Burkina Faso	Western Africa	Low income	54.84%	2022	2.62	2019	3.029	2021
Bangladesh	Southern Asia	Lower middle income	36.52%	2022	3.63	2022	3.467	2022
Bulgaria	Eastern Europe	High income	44.18%	2022	1.58	2022	2.007	2021	5.8	2021
Bahrain	Western Asia	High income	55.72%	2022
Bahamas	Caribbean	High income	52.41%	2022	2.20	2013
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Southern Europe	Upper middle income	34.25%	2022	2.94	2011	2.936	2011
Belarus	Eastern Europe	Upper middle income	29.92%	2022	4.45	2020	4.454	2020
Belize	Central America	Upper middle income	52.41%	2022	0.93	1999	0.950	1999
Bolivia	South America	Lower middle income	52.41%	2022	1.77	2021	1.775	2021
Brazil	South America	Upper middle income	56.78%	2022	1.02	2021	1.196	2022	8.4	2022
Barbados	Caribbean	High income	48.52%	2022	1.40	2010
Brunei	South-eastern Asia	High income	36.40%	2022	0.80	1981
Bhutan	Southern Asia	Lower middle income	49.19%	2022	3.63	2022	3.633	2022
Botswana	Southern Africa	Upper middle income	59.26%	2022	1.53	2016	1.532	2015
Central African Republic	Middle Africa	Low income	64.91%	2022	2.13	2021	2.143	2021
Canada	Northern America	High income	35.18%	2022	3.30	2020	2.973	2019	3.7	2021
Switzerland	Western Europe	High income	31.64%	2022	2.50	2021	2.950	2020	3.8	2020
Chile	South America	High income	58.95%	2022	2.06	2020	2.268	2022	7.3	2022
China	Eastern Asia	Upper middle income	43.35%	2022	2.92	2020	3.039	2021	23.0	2011
Ivory Coast	Western Africa	Lower middle income	54.66%	2022	2.90	2019	3.150	2021
Cameroon	Middle Africa	Lower middle income	52.05%	2022	1.72	2014	2.127	2021
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Middle Africa	Low income	48.84%	2022	2.09	2013	2.128	2020
Republic of the Congo	Middle Africa	Lower middle income	55.93%	2022	1.56	2012	1.562	2011
Colombia	South America	Upper middle income	60.62%	2022	1.17	2021	1.033	2022
Comoros	Eastern Africa	Lower middle income	50.26%	2022	1.61	2014	1.617	2014
Cape Verde	Western Africa	Lower middle income	49.08%	2022	2.22	2015	2.219	2015
Costa Rica	Central America	Upper middle income	57.50%	2022	1.66	2022	1.639	2023	9.7	2023
Cuba	Caribbean	Upper middle income	45.29%	2022	3.40	1978
Cyprus	Western Asia	High income	33.45%	2022	2.46	2022	3.547	2021
Czech Republic	Eastern Europe	High income	29.66%	2022	2.58	2022	3.893	2021	3.1	2021
Germany	Western Europe	High income	34.04%	2022	1.82	2022	2.940	2020	3.9	2020
Djibouti	Eastern Africa	Lower middle income	49.55%	2022	1.94	2017	1.944	2017
Denmark	Northern Europe	High income	40.57%	2022	1.99	2022	3.695	2021	3.0	2019
Dominican Republic	Caribbean	Upper middle income	47.77%	2022	2.56	2021	2.610	2022
Algeria	Northern Africa	Upper middle income	38.08%	2022	4.05	2012	4.046	2011
Ecuador	South America	Upper middle income	44.83%	2022	1.66	2022	1.640	2023
Egypt	Northern Africa	Lower middle income	47.60%	2022	3.84	2020	3.841	2019
Spain	Southern Europe	High income	33.13%	2022	1.73	2022	2.211	2021	4.6	2021
Estonia	Northern Europe	High income	38.16%	2022	1.67	2022	3.093	2021	5.0	2021
Ethiopia	Eastern Africa	Low income	45.47%	2022	2.89	2016	2.889	2015
Finland	Northern Europe	High income	31.64%	2022	2.18	2022	3.840	2021	3.2	2022
Fiji	Melanesia	Upper middle income	48.59%	2022	3.47	2020	3.468	2019
France	Western Europe	High income	34.79%	2022	2.16	2022	2.933	2021	3.5	2021
Federated States of Micronesia	Micronesia	Lower middle income	48.59%	2022	1.87	2013	1.874	2013
Gabon	Middle Africa	Upper middle income	43.32%	2022	2.24	2017	2.241	2017
United Kingdom	Northern Europe	High income	33.70%	2022	2.27	2021	3.041	2021	4.3	2021
Georgia	Western Asia	Upper middle income	45.03%	2022	2.65	2021	2.638	2022
Ghana	Western Africa	Lower middle income	48.91%	2022	1.61	2017	1.611	2016
Guinea	Western Africa	Lower middle income	37.89%	2022	3.48	2019	3.478	2018
Gambia	Western Africa	Low income	45.87%	2022	2.59	2021	2.594	2020
Guinea-Bissau	Western Africa	Low income	44.09%	2022	3.31	2019	3.393	2021
Equatorial Guinea	Middle Africa	Upper middle income	51.39%	2022
Greece	Southern Europe	High income	35.00%	2022	1.94	2022	2.610	2021	4.0	2021
Grenada	Caribbean	Upper middle income	48.52%	2022	2.88	2008	2.128	2018
Greenland	Northern America	High income	48.59%	2022	2.10	2018
Guatemala	Central America	Upper middle income	52.41%	2022	1.67	2014	1.672	2014
Guyana	South America	High income	52.41%	2022	1.09	1998	1.158	1998
Hong Kong	Eastern Asia	High income	48.18%	2022	0.70	2016
Honduras	Central America	Lower middle income	52.41%	2022	1.24	2019	1.243	2019
Croatia	Southern Europe	High income	32.04%	2022	1.40	2022	3.110	2021	4.0	2021
Haiti	Caribbean	Lower middle income	52.41%	2022	2.10	2012	0.765	2012
Hungary	Eastern Europe	High income	33.50%	2022	1.83	2022	3.518	2021	3.1	2021
Indonesia	South-eastern Asia	Upper middle income	41.24%	2022	2.80	2022	3.328	2023
India	Southern Asia	Lower middle income	57.13%	2022	2.90	2022	2.898	2021	9.4	2011
Ireland	Northern Europe	High income	40.86%	2022	1.77	2022	3.633	2021	3.6	2021
Iran	Southern Asia	Upper middle income	52.39%	2022	2.31	2020	2.831	2022
Iraq	Western Asia	Upper middle income	50.67%	2022	1.28	2013	3.680	2012
Iceland	Northern Europe	High income	29.51%	2022	4.03	2018	4.033	2017	2.8	2017
Israel	Western Asia	High income	47.80%	2022	1.87	2018	2.000	2021	5.4	2021
Italy	Southern Europe	High income	39.05%	2022	1.54	2022	2.303	2021	4.4	2021
Jamaica	Caribbean	Upper middle income	52.41%	2022	2.61	2015	2.176	2021
Jordan	Western Asia	Lower middle income	48.36%	2022	3.16	2014	3.455	2010
Japan	Eastern Asia	High income	44.24%	2022	1.85	2014	2.993	2013	5.2	2021
Kazakhstan	Central Asia	Upper middle income	35.29%	2022	4.28	2018	4.299	2021
Kenya	Eastern Africa	Lower middle income	48.72%	2022	2.91	2021	2.923	2021
Kyrgyzstan	Central Asia	Lower middle income	43.35%	2022	4.04	2020	4.375	2022
Cambodia	South-eastern Asia	Lower middle income	55.74%	2022	3.93	2012
Kiribati	Micronesia	Lower middle income	48.59%	2022	4.04	2020	4.038	2019
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Caribbean	High income	48.52%	2022
South Korea	Eastern Asia	High income	32.55%	2022	1.24	2016	2.946	2021	4.9	2022
Kuwait	Western Asia	High income	52.90%	2022	2.80	1973
Laos	South-eastern Asia	Lower middle income	45.68%	2022	2.95	2019	2.955	2018
Lebanon	Western Asia	Lower middle income	54.17%	2022	3.09	2012	3.093	2011
Liberia	Western Africa	Low income	43.24%	2022	2.94	2016	2.941	2016
Libya	Northern Africa	Upper middle income	44.13%	2022
Saint Lucia	Caribbean	Upper middle income	48.52%	2022	0.90	2016	0.906	2015
Sri Lanka	Southern Asia	Lower middle income	42.23%	2022	3.11	2019	3.113	2019
Lesotho	Southern Africa	Lower middle income	49.51%	2022	1.72	2018	1.722	2017
Lithuania	Northern Europe	High income	41.84%	2022	1.29	2022	2.625	2021	5.1	2021
Luxembourg	Western Europe	High income	31.48%	2022	2.19	2022	2.787	2021	3.6	2021
Latvia	Northern Europe	High income	34.61%	2022	1.37	2022	2.607	2021	5.2	2022
Morocco	Northern Africa	Lower middle income	49.43%	2022	2.70	2014	2.700	2013
Moldova	Eastern Europe	Upper middle income	33.29%	2022	4.34	2021	4.344	2021
Madagascar	Eastern Africa	Low income	50.76%	2022	2.16	2013	2.223	2012
Maldives	Southern Asia	Upper middle income	57.72%	2022	3.78	2020	3.776	2019
Mexico	Central America	Upper middle income	64.61%	2022	1.87	2022	2.124	2022	5.8	2022
Marshall Islands	Micronesia	Upper middle income	48.59%	2022	2.84	2020	2.842	2019
North Macedonia	Southern Europe	Upper middle income	29.66%	2022	1.88	2020	1.878	2019
Mali	Western Africa	Low income	44.61%	2022	2.93	2021	3.230	2021
Malta	Southern Europe	High income	34.13%	2022	1.99	2022	3.095	2020
Myanmar	South-eastern Asia	Lower middle income	51.12%	2022	3.76	2017	3.764	2017
Montenegro	Southern Europe	Upper middle income	32.13%	2022	2.30	2021	2.141	2021
Mongolia	Eastern Asia	Upper middle income	42.51%	2022	3.27	2018	3.387	2022
Mozambique	Eastern Africa	Low income	64.63%	2022	1.59	2020	1.714	2019
Mauritania	Western Africa	Lower middle income	40.48%	2022	2.98	2014	3.133	2019
Mauritius	Eastern Africa	Upper middle income	47.40%	2022	2.91	2017	2.915	2017
Malawi	Eastern Africa	Low income	48.41%	2022	2.85	2020	2.851	2019
Malaysia	South-eastern Asia	Upper middle income	47.48%	2022	2.26	2019	2.346	2021
Namibia	Southern Africa	Upper middle income	64.20%	2022	0.96	2016	0.965	2015
Niger	Western Africa	Low income	49.19%	2022	3.20	2019	3.777	2021
Nigeria	Western Africa	Lower middle income	42.72%	2022	2.88	2019	2.885	2018
Nicaragua	Central America	Lower middle income	52.41%	2022	1.98	2014	1.977	2014
Netherlands	Western Europe	High income	33.14%	2022	1.92	2022	3.625	2021	3.2	2022
Norway	Northern Europe	High income	25.17%	2022	1.94	2021	3.365	2019	3.1	2022
Nepal	Southern Asia	Lower middle income	33.81%	2022	3.50	2011	3.672	2022
Nauru	Micronesia	High income	48.59%	2022	3.39	2013	3.403	2012
New Zealand	Australia and New Zealand	High income	34.63%	2022	2.90	2018			4.2	2020
Oman	Western Asia	High income	54.88%	2022
Pakistan	Southern Asia	Lower middle income	43.94%	2022	4.22	2019	4.222	2018
Panama	Central America	High income	52.41%	2022	1.23	2021	1.234	2023
Peru	South America	Upper middle income	57.27%	2022	2.12	2021	2.112	2022
Philippines	South-eastern Asia	Lower middle income	49.42%	2022	2.91	2021	2.678	2021
Palau	Micronesia	High income	48.59%	2022	1.00	2014
Papua New Guinea	Melanesia	Lower middle income	50.25%	2022	1.87	2010	1.870	2009
Poland	Eastern Europe	High income	34.59%	2022	2.09	2022	3.354	2021	3.3	2021
Puerto Rico	Caribbean	High income	48.52%	2022	2.10	1977
Portugal	Southern Europe	High income	35.60%	2022	1.85	2022	2.796	2021	4.0	2021
Paraguay	South America	Upper middle income	52.41%	2022	1.83	2022	1.831	2022
Palestine	Western Asia	Lower middle income	50.06%	2022	2.90	2017	2.898	2016
Qatar	Western Asia	High income	53.78%	2022			2.556	2017
Romania	Eastern Europe	High income	35.77%	2022	1.17	2022	1.901	2021	5.0	2021
Russia	Eastern Europe	High income	50.77%	2022	3.08	2020	2.686	2021	4.3	2017
Rwanda	Eastern Africa	Low income	53.94%	2022	2.44	2017	2.437	2016
Saudi Arabia	Western Asia	High income	54.41%	2022
Sudan	Northern Africa	Low income	45.04%	2022	3.17	2014	3.175	2014
Senegal	Western Africa	Lower middle income	47.80%	2022	2.96	2019	3.021	2021
Singapore	South-eastern Asia	High income	32.89%	2022	1.59	2012
Solomon Islands	Melanesia	Lower middle income	48.59%	2022	2.76	2013	2.758	2012
Sierra Leone	Western Africa	Low income	47.00%	2022	3.35	2018	3.352	2018
El Salvador	Central America	Upper middle income	42.70%	2022	1.92	2022	1.926	2022
San Marino	Southern Europe	High income	34.84%	2022
Somalia	Eastern Africa	Low income	44.06%	2022	1.70	2016
Serbia	Southern Europe	Upper middle income	33.75%	2022	2.28	2021	2.489	2021
South Sudan	Eastern Africa	Low income	49.39%	2022	1.71	2017	1.788	2016
São Tomé and Príncipe	Middle Africa	Lower middle income	39.38%	2022	2.57	2017	2.569	2017
Suriname	South America	Upper middle income	52.41%	2022			2.207	2022		F
Slovakia	Eastern Europe	High income	25.98%	2022	2.97	2022	3.421	2021	2.8	2021
Slovenia	Southern Europe	High income	30.65%	2022	1.97	2022	4.196	2021	3.0	2021
Sweden	Northern Europe	High income	33.75%	2022	1.78	2022	2.806	2021	3.3	2022
Eswatini	Southern Africa	Lower middle income	59.88%	2022	1.41	2017	1.407	2016
Seychelles	Eastern Africa	High income	52.09%	2022	2.58	2019	2.622	2018
Syria	Western Asia	Low income	54.25%	2022	3.80	2007	3.798	2022
Turks and Caicos Islands	Caribbean	High income	48.52%	2022
Chad	Middle Africa	Low income	46.73%	2022	2.92	2019	2.808	2022
Togo	Western Africa	Low income	50.03%	2022	2.29	2019	2.785	2021
Thailand	South-eastern Asia	Upper middle income	51.75%	2022	3.17	2021	3.186	2021
Tajikistan	Central Asia	Lower middle income	38.12%	2022	2.95	2015	2.953	2015
Turkmenistan	Central Asia	Upper middle income	47.99%	2022	2.72	1993	2.404	1998
Timor-Leste	South-eastern Asia	Lower middle income	46.30%	2022	4.04	2014	4.045	2014
Tonga	Polynesia	Upper middle income	48.59%	2022	3.18	2015	3.965	2021
Trinidad and Tobago	Caribbean	High income	52.41%	2022	2.07	1992	2.127	1992
Tunisia	Northern Africa	Lower middle income	41.37%	2022	3.16	2016	3.083	2021
Turkey	—	Upper middle income	51.68%	2022	2.00	2021	1.988	2021	5.3	2021
Tuvalu	Polynesia	Upper middle income	48.59%	2022	2.68	2010	2.684	2010
Taiwan	Eastern Asia	High income	34.92%	2022	2.53	2021	3.515	2021
Tanzania	Eastern Africa	Lower middle income	51.37%	2022	2.88	2018	2.875	2018
Uganda	Eastern Africa	Low income	52.82%	2022	2.43	2020	2.428	2019
Ukraine	Eastern Europe	Upper middle income	38.26%	2022	4.25	2020	4.257	2020
Uruguay	South America	High income	47.17%	2022	2.24	2022	2.162	2022
United States	Northern America	High income	48.27%	2022	1.42	2022	1.762	2022	6.3	2022
Uzbekistan	Central Asia	Lower middle income	48.30%	2022	2.88	2003	2.495	2022
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Caribbean	Upper middle income	48.52%	2022
Venezuela	South America	—	54.96%	2022	2.50	2014	1.244	2006
Vietnam	South-eastern Asia	Lower middle income	45.82%	2022	2.53	2020	2.569	2022
Vanuatu	Melanesia	Lower middle income	48.59%	2022	3.04	2020	3.044	2019
Samoa	Polynesia	Lower middle income	48.59%	2022	2.74	2014	2.738	2013
Kosovo	Southern Europe	Upper middle income	31.64%	2022	0.50	2018	3.790	2017
Yemen	Western Asia	Low income	55.11%	2022	3.00	2014	3.005	2014
South Africa	Southern Africa	Upper middle income	65.41%	2022	1.09	2017	0.857	2014	22.3	2017
Zambia	Eastern Africa	Lower middle income	61.74%	2022	1.10	2015	1.473	2022
Zimbabwe	Eastern Africa	Lower middle income	58.95%	2022	1.93	2019	2.539	2017
Pre-tax national income share held by top 10% of the population (WID): Pre-tax national income is the sum of all pre-tax personal income flows accruing to the owners of the production factors, labor and capital, before taking into account the operation of the tax/transfer system, but after taking into account the operation of pension system. The central difference between personal factor income and pre-tax income is the treatment of pensions, which are counted on a contribution basis by factor income and on a distribution basis by pre-tax income. The population is composed of individuals over age 20. The base unit is the tax unit defined by national fiscal administrations to measure personal income taxes. Decile 1 group shares of resource (UNU-WIDER, PIP): A decile is a quantitative method of dividing data into 10 equal parts. Income Decile 1 measures the share of income of the top 10% of the population. Interdecile P90/P10 (OECD): The P90/P10 ratio is the ratio of the upper bound value of the ninth decile (i.e. the 10% of people with highest income) to that of the upper bound value of the first decile.

References

1. Haddad, Cameron Nadim; Mahler, Daniel Gerszon; Diaz-Bonilla, Carolina; Hill, Ruth; Lakner, Christoph; Ibarra, Gabriel Lara (17 June 2024). "Inside the World Bank's new inequality indicator: The number of countries with high inequality". World Bank. Retrieved 25 October 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
2. "Gini index". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
3. "World Income Inequality Database (WIID). Version 28". wider.unu.edu. World Income Inequality Database - WIID. UNU-WIDER. November 2023. doi:10.35188/UNU-WIDER/WIID-281123. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
4. "Income inequality (disposable income), Gini coefficient, 2021". oecd.org. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
5. "Income inequality (disposable income), Gini coefficient, 2022". oecd.org. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
6. "Income distribution database. Gini (disposable income)". data-explorer.oecd.org. OECD Data Explorer. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
7. "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income". ec.europa.eu/eurostat. EC Data Browser. Eurostat. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
8. "Income distribution database. Gini (disposable income)". data-explorer.oecd.org. OECD Data Explorer. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
9. "Pre-tax national income share held by top 10% of the population". wid.world. World Inequality Database (WID). 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
10. "Poverty & Inequality Indicators. Income Decile 1". pip.worldbank.org. Poverty and Inequality Platform. World Bank. 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
11. "Income distribution database. P90/P10 disposable income decile ratio". data-explorer.oecd.org. OECD Data Explorer. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
12. "Income inequality (disposable income), Interdecile P90/P10, 2021". oecd.org. Income inequality. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
13. "Income inequality (disposable income), Interdecile P90/P10, 2022". oecd.org. Income inequality. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.

See also

• Income inequality
• Economic inequality
• Economic mobility
• List of countries by inequality-adjusted Human Development Index
• List of sovereign states by percentage of population living in poverty
• List of countries by share of income of the richest one percent

Further reading

• Chancel, L.; Piketty, T.; Saez, E.; Zucman, G.; et al. "World Inequality Report 2022" (PDF). wir2022.wid.world. World Inequality Lab. UNESCO Inclusive Policy Lab.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

• "An Overview of Growing Income Inequalities in OECD Countries: Main Findings" (PDF). Divided We Stand: Why Inequality Keeps Growing. OECD Publishing. December 2011. ISBN 978-92-64-11163-9. Retrieved 6 December 2011.

External links

• Haddad, Cameron Nadim; Mahler, Daniel Gerszon; Diaz-Bonilla, Carolina; Hill, Ruth; Lakner, Christoph; Ibarra, Gabriel Lara (17 June 2024). "Inside the World Bank's new inequality indicator: The number of countries with high inequality". World Bank.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Global Peace Index Map of Gini data for 2007–2010
• Shadow economies all over the world : new estimates for 162 countries from 1999 to 2007. Friedrich Schneider, Andreas Buehn, Claudio E. Montenegro. July 2010. World Bank.