List of Ottoman imperial consorts

This is a list of consorts of the Ottoman sultans, the wives and concubines of the monarchs of the Ottoman Empire who ruled over the transcontinental empire from its inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922.

Honorific and titles

Hatun

Hatun (Ottoman Turkish: خاتون) was used as an honorific for women in the Ottoman period, roughly equivalent to the English term Lady. The term was being used for the Ottoman sultan's consorts. When the son of one of the consorts ascended the throne she became Valide Hatun (Mother of Sultan).

Sultan

Sultan (سلطان) is a word of Arabic origin, originally meaning "authority" or "dominion". By the beginning of the 16th century, the title of sultan, carried by both men and women of the Ottoman dynasty, was replacing other titles by which prominent members of the imperial family had been known (notably hatun for women and bey for men), with imperial women carrying the title of "Sultan" after their given names. Consequently, the title "Valide Hatun" also turned into "Valide Sultan". In this time, the title "Haseki Sultan" was created and used for the legal wife or Chief Consort of the Ottoman Sultan. For example, Hafsa Sultan, Suleiman's mother and first valide sultan, and Hürrem Sultan, Suleiman's legal wife and first haseki sultan. This usage underlines the Ottoman conception of sovereign power as family prerogative.^[1] Towards the end of the seventeenth century the title hatun and sultan for imperial consorts was replaced by Kadın and Ikbal.

Kadın

Kadın (Ottoman Turkish: قادين) was the title given to the consorts of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. The title officially first came in use during the reign of Sultan Suleiman II. The Sultan could have up to four and some times five women with the imperial rank of Kadın and unlimited number of women with the rank of Ikbal.

Ikbal

Ikbal (Ottoman Turkish: اقبال) was the title given to the official consorts of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, who came below the rank of Kadın. Their honorific was "Hanim".

Consorts of the Ottoman sultans

Portrait	Name	Birth name	Origin	Place of Origin	Marriage	Spouse
	Malhun Hatun	Mal	Turkish	Anatolia		Osman I
	Rabia Bala Hatun	Rabia	Turkish	Turkey
	Eftendize Hatun	Eftandise	Turkish	Anatolia	13 century	Orhan I
	Asporça Hatun	Holofira, Olivera or Glafira	Greek	Bilecik
	Nilüfer Hatun	Unknown	Greek	Byzantine Empire
	Theodora Hatun	Theodora Kantakouzene	Greek	Byzantine Empire	1347 (legal marriage)
	Gülçiçek Hatun	Unknown	Greek	Byzantine Empire	1359 (disputed)	Murad I
	Thamara Hatun	Kera Tamara	Bulgarian	Bulgarian Empire	1370 (legal marriage)
	Melîke Hatun	Melîke	Turkish
	Füldane Hatun	Maria Dejanovic Dragas	Serbian	Serbian Empire
	Fülane Hatun	Olga Dejanovic Dragas	Serbian, daughter of Konstantin of Kostendil'[2]	Serbian Empire	1372 (legal marriage)	Bayezid I
	Sultan Hatun		Turkish	Kütahya, Germinayid Principality	1378 (disputed)
	Angelina Hatun	Angelina	Greek[3][4]
	Hafsa Hatun	Hâfize	Turkish	Birgi, Aydinid Principality	1390 (legal marriage)
	Olivera Despina	Mileva Olivera Lazarević	Serbian	Kruševac, Serbia	1390 (legal marriage)
	Marija Hatun	Maria	Daughter of the Hungarian count Janos, she was freed by Timur and handed over to Henry III of Castile. She later married Payo Gomez de Soto Mayor[3][5].	Hungary
	Karamanoğlu Hatun
	Devlet Hatun
	Emine Hatun	Emine	Turkish	Elbistan, Dulkadirid Principality		Mehmed I
	Şahzade Hatun		Turkish	Amasya, Kutluşah Principality
	Kumru Hatun
	Halime Hatice Hatun					Murad II
	Hüma Hatun		Turkish
	Mara Despina Sultan	Mara Branković	Serb	Serbian Despotate	1435 (legal marriage)
	Yeni Hatun		Turkish	Turkey
	Emine Gülbahar Mükrime Hatun		Albanian[6], Slavic[7], Pontic Greek or Turkish	Unknown		Mehmed II
	Gülşah Hatun		Serb	Serbia
	Anna Hatun	Anna Komenene	Greek	Greece
	Sittişah Hatun	Mükrime	Turkish	Elbistan, Dulkadirid Principality	1449 (legal marriage)
	Çiçek Hatun		Serb or Turkish	Serbia
	Helena Hatun	Helena Palaiologina	Greek	Greece
	Maria Hatun		Greek
	Hatice Hatun	Hatice	Turkish
	Şirin Hatun					Bayezid II
	Hüsnüşah Hatun
	Bülbül Hatun
	Nigar Hatun
	Gülruh Hatun
	Ayşe Hatun	Ayşe	Turkish	Elbistan, Dulkadirid Principality
	Muhtereme Ferahşad Hatun
	Gülbahar Hatun
	Gülfem Hatun
	Mühurnaz Hatun
	Ayşe Hatun		Crimean	Crimean Khaganate		Selim I
	Şirin Hatun
	Nilüfer Hatun
	Hafsa Sultan		European, Turkish or Circassian[8]	Unknown
	Zeynep Hatun
						Suleiman I
	Fulane Hatun			Montenegro
	Mahidevran Hatun		Albanian,[9] Abkhaz, Circassian or Montenegrin[10]	Albania, Circassia or Montenegro
	Hürrem Sultan		Ruthenian	Rohatyn, Kingdhom of Poland	1534 (legal marriage)
	Gülfem Hatun
	Emine Hatun					Selim II
	Nurbanu Sultan	Cecilia Venier-Baffo, Kalē Kartanoū or Rachel	Venetian, Greek or Jewish	Paros, Republic of Venice?
	Esma Hatun
	Selimiye Hatun
	Nuray Hatun
	Neylan Hatun
	Leyla Hatun
	Safiye Sultan		Albanian	Albania, Dukagjin Highlands		Murad III
	Zerefsan Hatun
	Nazperver Hatun	Dobra Basarab	Moldovan	Moldova
	Fakriye Hatun
	Elif Hatun
	Aygül Hatun
	Şahıhuban Hatun
	Rashida Hatun
	Helena Hatun
	Şemsiruhsar Hatun
	Mihriban Hatun			Unknown
	Handan Sultan		Bosnian or Greek	Bosnia or Greece		Mehmed III
	Halime Sultan		Abkhaz	Abkhazia
	Fülane Hatun
	Mahfiruz Hatice Sultan[8][11]	Unknown	Presumably Greek[8] or Serbian[12]	Unknown		Ahmed I
	Mahpeyker Kösem Sultan	[13]Unknown	Greek	Unknown[13]
	Fatma Hatun
	Șahzaman Hatun
	Ayşe Sultan					Osman II
	Meylișah Meleksima Hatun	Mariça?	Serb	Serbia
	Akile Hatun	Akile	Turkish	Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
	Ayşe Sultan					Murad IV
	Şemsperi / Semşişah Sultan
	Sanavber Hatun
	Unnamed Haseki
	Esma Hatun
	Ayse Mahziba Hatun
	Zarife Hatun					Ibrahim I
	Turhan Sultan		Ruthenia
	Saliha Dilaşub Sultan
	Hubyar Hatun	Unknown	Unknown
	Hatice Muazzez Sultan		Unknown[14]	Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth?
	Mahienver Sultan
	Saçbağlı Leyla Sultan			Unknown
	Şivekar Sultan	Maria	Armenian	Armenia
	Ayșe Sultan			Unknown
	Hümaşah Sultan				1647 (legal marriage)
	Șakizula Hatun
	Şekerpare Hatun			Unknown
	Handanzade Hatun
	Meleki Hatun
	Emetullah Rabia Gülnüş Sultan		From the Greek or Venetian Verzini family from the island of Grete[15][16][17][18]	Rethymno, Crete, Republic of Venice		Mehmed IV
	Afife Hatun
	Kaniye Hatun
	Siyavuș Hatun
	Gülbeyaz Hatun
	Nezvruz Hatun
	Cihanșah Hatun
	Dürriye Hatun
	Gülnar Hatun
	Güneş Hatun
	Hatice Hatun
	Rukiye Hatun
	Hatice Kadın					Suleiman II
	Behzad Kadın
	İvaz Kadın
	Süğlün Kadın
	Şehsuvar Kadın
	Zeyneb Kadın
	Rabia Sultan					Ahmed II
	Şayeste Hatun
	Alicenab Kadın					Mustafa II
	Afife Kadın
	Saliha Sultan		Greek
	Şehsuvar Sultan	Maria	Russian	Russia
	Bahtiyar Kadın
	Hatice Kadın
	Ivaz Kadın
	Hüsnuşah Kadın
	Emetullah Kadın					Ahmed III
	Emine Mihrișah Kadın				1711 (legal marriage)
	Rabia Șermi Kadın
	Ayşe Mihri Behri Kadın
	Hatem Hanım
	Hanife Hatun
	Rukiye Kadın
	Fatma Hümaşah Kadın
	Gülneş Kadın
	Hürrem Kadın
	Meyli Kadın
	Hatice Kadın
	Nazife Kadın
	Nejat Kadın
	Muslı Emine Kadın
	Sadıka Kadın
	Hüsnüşah Kadın
	Ümmügülsüm Kadın
	Zeyneb Kadın
	Hace Ayşe Kadın					Mahmud I
	Hatem Kadın
	Alicenab Kadın
	Verdinaz Kadın
	Hatice Rami Kadın
	Tiriyal Kadın
	Raziye Kadın
	Meyyase Kadın
	Fehmi Kadın
	Sirri Kadın
	Habbabe Kadın
	Leyla Kadın					Osman III
	Zevki Kadın
	Ferhunde Kadın	Emine
	Aynülhayat Kadın					Mustafa III
	Mihrişah Sultan	Agnes	Georgian	Georgia
	Fehmi Kadın
	Rifat Kadın
	Adilşah Kadın	Ayşe
	Binnaz Kadın
	Gülnar Kadın
	Ayşe Kadın					Abdul Hamid I
	Ruhşah Kadın
	Binnaz Kadın
	Nevrez Kadın
	Ayşe Sineperver Sultan		Georgian or Circassian
	Mehtabe Kadın
	Muteber Kadın
	Şebsefa Fatma Kadın
	Nakşidil Sultan		Georgian	Georgia
	Hümaşah Kadın
	Dilpezir Kadın
	Mislimayab Kadın
	Mihriban Kadın
	Nükhetseza Kadın
	Nefizar Kadınefendi					Selim III
	Afitab Kadın
	Zibifer Kadın
	Tabısafa Kadın
	Refet Kadın
	Nürumşems Kadın
	Hüsnümah Kadın
	Demhoş Kadın
	Goçenigar Kadın
	Mahtube Kadın
	Aynisefa Kadın
	Pakize Kadın
	Meryem Hatun
	Şevkinür Kadın					Mustafa IV
	Reykidil Kadın
	Dilpezir Kadın
	Seyyare Kadın
	Fatma Kadın					Mahmud II
	Alicenab Kadın
	Nevfıdan Pertevpiyale Kadın				1823
	Dilseza Kadın
	Mislinayab Kadın
	Kameri Kadın
	Ebrireftar Kadın
	Bezmiâlem Sultan		Georgian	Georgia, within the Russian Empire	1822
	Aşubcan Kadın				1808
	Vüslat Kadın
	Zernigar Kadın				1825
	Nurtab Kadın
	Haciye Hoşyar Kadın				1811
	Pertizfekek Kadın
	Pertevniyal Sultan		Circassian		1830
	Hüsnımelek Kadın
	Tiryal Hanım				1826
	Lebrizifelek Hanım
	Servetseza Kadın		Circassian	Maykop, Russia	1837	Abdulmejid I
	Tirimüjgan Kadın		Circassian	North Caucasus	1840
	Düzdidil Kadın	Ayşe Dişan	Ubykh	North Caucasus	2 October 1842
	Şevkefza Sultan			Gagra	1 August 1839
	Zeynifelek Hanım				1841
	Gülcemal Kadin		Bosnian	Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina	1840
	Verdicenan Kadın	Saliha Açba		Sukhum, Georgia	17 December 1840
	Nükhetsezâ Hanım	Hatice Baras			21 October 1841
	Mahitab Kadın	Nuriye	Chechen	Makhachkala, Russia	1845
	Nesrin Hanım	Adile Asemiani			1842
	Ceylanyar Hanım	Nafiye Berzeg	Ubykh	Sochi, Russia	1847
	Nergizev Hanım		Natukhai	Anapa, Russia	1847
	Navekmisal Hanım	Biberd			1848
	Bezmiara Kadın		Circassian	Circassia	1849 - 1852 (Legal marriage)
	Nalandil Hanım	Çıpakue	Natukhai	Anapa, Russia	1850
	Şayeste Hanım	İnalipa		Sukhum, Georgia	1851
	Serfiraz Hanım	Ayşe Liah			1852
	Gülüstü Sultan	Fatma Çaçba		Sukhum, Abkhazia	August 1854
	Rahıme Perestu Sultan	Rahime Gogen	Ubykh	Sochi, Russia	20 January 1856 (Legal marriage)
	Dürrünev Kadın	Melek Dziapş-İpa		Batumi, Georgia	20 May 1856	Abdülaziz
	Edadil Kadın	Aredba		Adlersky, Sochi,	1861
	Hayranidil Kadın			Kars, Ottoman Empire	21 September 1865
	Nesrin Kadın	Nesrin Zevş-Barakay	Ubykh	North Caucasus	1868
	Gevheri Kadın	Emine Svatnba		Gudauta, Georgia	1872
	Mevhibe Kadın	Mevhibe Tarkanişvili		Tbilisi, Georgia	21 January 1857	Murad V
	Reftarıdil Kadın	Hatko			4 February 1859
	Şayan Kadın	Safiye Zan	Natukhai	Anapa, Russia	5 February 1869
	Meyliservet Kadın		Circassian	Batumi, Georgia	8 June 1874
	Resan Hanım	Ayşe		Artvin, Ottoman Empire	2 November 1877
	Nazikeda Kadın	Tsanba			1863	Abdul Hamid II
	Nurefsun Kadın		Circassian	North Caucasus	October 1868 - 26 June 1879
	Bedrifelek Kadın	Karzeg	Natukhai	Anapa, Russia	15 November 1868
	Bidar Kadın	Talustan	Georgian	Kobuleti, Adjara, Georgia	2 September 1875
	Dilpesend Kadın	Azize	Abkhazia	Tbilisi, Georgia	10 April 1884
	Mezidimestan Kadın	Kadriye Mikanba		Gagra, Georgia	2 February 1885
	Emsalinur Kadın	Kaya			20 November 1885
	Müşfika Kadın	Ayşe Ağırba		Hopa, Caucasus	12 February 1886
	Sazkar Hanım	Atiye Maan		Ayvacık, Çanakkale, Ottoman Empire	31 August 1890
	Peyveste Hanım	Rabia Emuhvari		Pitsunda,	24 January 1893
	Fatma Pesend Hanım	Fatma Kadriye Açba		Istanbul, Ottoman Empire	20 July 1896
	Behice Hanım	Behiye Maan		Beynevi, Adapazarı, Ottoman Empire	10 May 1900
	Saliha Naciye Hanım	Zeliha Ankuap	Georgian	Yukarı Ihsaniye, Bartın, Ottoman Empire	4 November 1904
	Kamures Kadın		Ubykh		30 September 1872	Mehmed V
	Dürrüaden Kadın	Hatice Voçibe	Circassian	Caucasus	10 October 1876
	Mihrengiz Kadın	Fatma	Ubykh	Sochi, Russia	4 April 1887
	Nazperver Kadın	Emine Çikotua		Istanbul, Ottoman Empire	1888
	Dilfirib Kadın		Circassian	Istanbul, Ottoman Empire	1907
	Nazikeda Kadın	Emine Marşan			8 June 1885	Mehmed VI
	Inşirah Hanım	Seniye Voçibe	Ubykh	Maşukiye, Ottoman Empire	8 July 1905
	Müveddet Kadın	Şadiye Çıhcı		Derbent, Russia	24 April 1911
	Nevvare Hanım	Ayşe Çıhcı		Derbent, Russia	20 June 1918 - 20 May 1924
	Nevzad Hanım	Nimet Bargu	Albanian	Istanbul, Ottoman Empire	1 September 1921

See also

• Ottoman dynasty
• Ottoman Empire
• List of mothers of the Ottoman sultans
• List of Valide Sultans
• List of Ottoman Sultans

Notes

1. Peirce, Leslie P (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. ISBN 0-19-507673-7.
2. Sakaoğlu 2015, p. 89—90. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSakaoğlu2015 (help)
3. Alderson 1956, table XXIV (note 6).
4. Sakaoğlu 2015, p. 89. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSakaoğlu2015 (help)
5. Sakaoğlu 2015, p. 88—89. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSakaoğlu2015 (help)
6. Babinger 1992, p. 52.
7. Alderson 1956, table XXVII (note. 9).
8. Alderson 1956, p. 83.
9. Peirce 1993, p. 55.
10. Iorga 1909, p. 344.
11. Süreyya, 1 Cild 1996, p. 20. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSüreyya,_1_Cild1996 (help)
12. Iyigun 2015, p. 119. sfn error: no target: CITEREFIyigun2015 (help)
13. İlgürel 2002; Tezcan 2008; Somel 2003.
14. Alderson 1956, p. 83
15. İpşirli 1996 sfnm error: no target: CITEREFİpşirli1996 (help).
16. Uluçay 2011 sfnm error: no target: CITEREFUluçay2011 (help).
17. Sakaoğlu 2015 sfnm error: no target: CITEREFSakaoğlu2015 (help).
18. Alderson 1956.

Sources

• Alderson, Anthony Dolphin (1956). The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty. Clarendon Press.
• Avtorkhanov, Abdurahman (1996). Marie Bennigsen Broxup (ed.). The North Caucasus Barrier: The Russian Advance Towards the Muslim World. Hurst. ISBN 9781850653059.
• Babinger, Franz (1992) [1978]. Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time. Bollingen Series 96. Translated from the German by Ralph Manheim. Edited, with a preface, by William C. Hickman. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-09900-6. OCLC 716361786.
• Baer, Marc David (2011). Honored by the Glory of Islam: Conversion and Conquest in Ottoman Europe. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199797837.
• Barzilai-Lumbroso, Ruth (2008). Turkish Men, Ottoman Women: Popular Turkish Historians and the Writing of Ottoman Women's History. University of California. ISBN 978-0-549-48355-7.
• Carsten, F. L. (1961). The New Cambridge Modern History. Vol. V. The Ascendancy of France, 1648–88. Cambridge University Press. pp. 505–506. ISBN 9780521045445.
• Cooke, Miriam; Göknar, Erdağ M.; Parker, Grant Richard (2008). Mediterranean passages: readings from Dido to Derrida. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 9780807831830.
• Freely, John (1999). Inside the Seraglio: Private Lives of the Sultans in Istanbul. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-87839-0.
• İlgürel, M. (2002). "Kösem Sultan" (PDF). Islamansiklopedisi. Vol. 26. pp. 273–275.
• Iorga, Nicolae (1909). Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches. Vol. 2.
• Lowry, Heath W. (2012). The Nature of the Early Ottoman State. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-8726-6.
• Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. ISBN 9789753296236.
• Somel, Selcuk Aksin (2003). Historical Dictionary of the Ottoman Empire (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0810866065.
• Tezcan, Baki (2008). "The Debut of Kösem Sultan's Political Career". Turcica. 40 (40): 347–359. doi:10.2143/TURC.40.0.2037143.
• Yermolenko, Galina I (2013). Roxolana in European Literature, History and Culturea. Ashgate. ISBN 978-1-409-47611-5. Archived from the original on 14 January 2017.

Further reading

• Açba-Ançabadze, Leyla, Fürstin: Harem Hatıraları, Timaş Yayınları, Istanbul 2010.
• Afife Rezzemaza: Saray'dan Sürgüne, Istanbul 2013
• Aredba, Rumeysa, Fürstin: Sultan Vahdeddin'in San Remo Günleri, Istanbul 2009
• Bardakçı, Murat: Şahbaba. Pan Yayıncılık, Istanbul 1998.
• Mislimelek, Prinzessin: Saray'dan Sürgüne Bir Osmanlı Prensesi, Istanbul 2012 (Memoiren der Nichte von Emine Nazikeda und Schwiegertochter von Sultan Abdulhamit II.)
• Öztuna, Yılmaz: İslam Devletleri. Istanbul 1989 (Devletler ve Hanedanlar, Band 2).
• Uluçay, Çağatay: Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları, Ankara 1992
• Ünüvar, Safiye: Saray Hatıraları, Istanbul 1965