Bartın
City in northern Turkey From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bartın is a city in northern Turkey, near the Black Sea. It is the seat of Bartın Province and Bartın District.[2] Its population is 81,692 (2021).[1]
Formerly a district of Zonguldak Province, Bartın was made into a province seat in 1991. The city is situated 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) inland on the Bartın River (Bartın Çayı) that is navigable for vessels between the city and the Black Sea coast. Bartın River is the only navigable river for vessels in Turkey.
The history of the antique Parthenios city (Παρθένιος in Greek), or Parthenia,[3] dates back to 1200 BC, when its area was inhabited by the Kaskian tribe. In the following centuries, the region had entered under the dominance of Hittites, Phrygians, Cimmerians, Lydians, Greeks, and Persians. Later, it was part of the Roman Empire and then of the Byzantine Empire, until it fell to the Seljuk Turks and the Candaroğulları State between the 11th and the 13th centuries AD. Bartın was conquered by the Ottoman sultan Mehmet II in 1392.[4][5] In the late 19th and early 20th century, Bartın was part of the Kastamonu Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire.
Bartın is a member of the Norwich-based European Association of Historic Towns and Regions (EAHTR).[6]
Main sights include the castle, two churches, bedesten, the Kuşkayası Road Monument and İnziva (seclusion) Cave in the city center. Sections of the ancient city like the forum, the council palace, the road of honor, the theatre, the acropolis, and a necropolis are now below the ground.
The wooden Bartın houses display the architectural characteristics of the art movements after the Tanzimat Fermanı (Reforms Decree).
The city of Bartın consists of 22 quarters:[7]
- Kırtepe
- Kemerköprü
- Gölbucağı
- Orta
- Okulak
- Köyortası
- Orduyeri
- Tuna
- Demirciler
- Aladağ
- Karaköy
- Çaydüzü
- Esentepe
- Cumhuriyet
- Hürriyet
- Karaçay
- Ağdacı
- Gecen
- Gürgenpınarı
- Şiremirçavuş
- Uzunöz
- Yıldız
Climate
Bartın has a borderline oceanic (Cfb) and humid subtropical (Cfa) climate under the Köppen classification, or an oceanic climate (Do) under the Trewartha classification. Summers are warm, the average temperature is around 22.5 °C (72.5 °F) in July and August. Winters are cool and damp, and the average temperature is around 4 °C (39 °F) in January and February.
For a long time, Bartın city center was considered to only have an oceanic climate (Cfb), with its warmest month being well below the 22 °C (72 °F) threshold, yet in recent decades climate change and global warming has been contributing to its classification slowly turning humid subtropical (Cfa) and therefore the city center is currently classified as borderline oceanic-humid subtropical.
Precipitation is heaviest in autumn and early winter and lightest in spring. Snowfall is somewhat common between the months of December and March, snowing for a week or two, and it can be heavy once it snows.
Highest recorded temperature: 42.8 °C (109.0 °F) on 13 July 2000
Lowest recorded temperature: −18.6 °C (−1.5 °F) on 23 February 1985[8]
| Climate data for Bartın (1991–2020, extremes 1961–2023) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 25.0 (77.0) |
27.2 (81.0) |
31.6 (88.9) |
34.1 (93.4) |
39.1 (102.4) |
38.0 (100.4) |
42.8 (109.0) |
41.3 (106.3) |
40.5 (104.9) |
37.1 (98.8) |
31.2 (88.2) |
27.7 (81.9) |
42.8 (109.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.3 (48.7) |
10.8 (51.4) |
13.6 (56.5) |
18.1 (64.6) |
22.5 (72.5) |
26.4 (79.5) |
28.8 (83.8) |
29.2 (84.6) |
25.6 (78.1) |
21.1 (70.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
11.3 (52.3) |
19.4 (66.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.1 (39.4) |
4.9 (40.8) |
7.4 (45.3) |
11.4 (52.5) |
15.9 (60.6) |
20.2 (68.4) |
22.6 (72.7) |
22.6 (72.7) |
18.5 (65.3) |
14.4 (57.9) |
9.1 (48.4) |
5.7 (42.3) |
13.1 (55.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.5 (32.9) |
0.7 (33.3) |
2.6 (36.7) |
5.8 (42.4) |
10.2 (50.4) |
14.1 (57.4) |
16.3 (61.3) |
16.4 (61.5) |
12.8 (55.0) |
9.5 (49.1) |
4.5 (40.1) |
1.9 (35.4) |
7.9 (46.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −15.4 (4.3) |
−18.6 (−1.5) |
−13.1 (8.4) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
5.3 (41.5) |
8.0 (46.4) |
6.7 (44.1) |
1.5 (34.7) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
−18.6 (−1.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 112.8 (4.44) |
87.1 (3.43) |
82.9 (3.26) |
54.1 (2.13) |
55.5 (2.19) |
82.4 (3.24) |
60.6 (2.39) |
78.7 (3.10) |
99.7 (3.93) |
123.9 (4.88) |
108.9 (4.29) |
125.8 (4.95) |
1,072.4 (42.22) |
| Average precipitation days | 17.07 | 14.9 | 14.97 | 11.8 | 10.67 | 9.3 | 6.67 | 5.67 | 9.57 | 12.2 | 12.13 | 17.5 | 142.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 85.5 | 82.5 | 79 | 77.1 | 78.4 | 77.5 | 77 | 78.4 | 81.6 | 84.4 | 85.3 | 85.9 | 81.1 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 68.2 | 90.4 | 130.2 | 180.0 | 229.4 | 267.0 | 306.9 | 291.4 | 222.0 | 161.2 | 114.0 | 74.4 | 2,135.1 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 2.2 | 3.2 | 4.2 | 6.0 | 7.4 | 8.9 | 9.9 | 9.4 | 7.4 | 5.2 | 3.8 | 2.4 | 5.8 |
| Source 1: Turkish State Meteorological Service[9] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA NCEI(humidity)[10] | |||||||||||||
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