The Indian National Congress (INC) is one of the two major parties in the political system of the Republic of India , the other being the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).[1] [2]
As of 3 December 2023, INC is in power in the three states of Himachal Pradesh , Karnataka and Telangana . In Tamil Nadu and Jharkhand it shares power with alliance partners Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and Jharkhand Mukti Morcha respectively.[3] The party during the post-independence era has governed most of the states and union territories of India .[4]
A chief minister is the head of government of each of the twenty-eight states and of two union territories (Delhi and Puducherry).[5] According to the Constitution of India , at the state level, the governor is de jure head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister.[6] Following elections to the state legislative assembly , the governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly.[5] The chief minister's term is usually for a maximum of five years with the confidence of the assembly. There are no limits to the number of terms the chief minister can serve.[7] The deputy Chief Minister is a member of the state government and usually the second highest ranking executive officer of their state's council of ministers.[8] While not a constitutional office, it seldom carries any specific powers. A deputy chief minister usually also holds a cabinet portfolio such as home minister or finance minister.[9] In the parliamentary system of government, the Chief Minister is treated as the "first among equals" in the cabinet; the position of deputy chief minister is used to bring political stability and strength within a coalition government.[10]
Five of the INC chief ministers have been women – Sucheta Kripalani for Uttar Pradesh , Nandini Satpathy for Odisha , Anwara Taimur for Assam , Rajinder Kaur Bhattal for Punjab , and Sheila Dikshit for Delhi . The longest-serving female chief minister was Sheila Dikshit, who served as the chief minister of Delhi for over fifteen years.[11] Okram Ibobi Singh who was chief minister of Manipur for 15 years and 11 days between March 2002 and March 2017 has been the longest-serving chief minister of the state.[12] Tarun Gogoi held the position of Chief Minister in Assam for a period of 15 years and 6 days.[13] A leader of the Indian National Congress, Virbhadra Singh holds the distinction of being the longest serving Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh, holding the office from 1983 to 1990, from 1993 to 1998, from 2003 to 2007 and finally from 2012 to 2017.[14] Gegong Apang has not only been the longest-serving Chief Minister from the INC but also in the history of Arunachal Pradesh .[15] Apang also holds the record for the fourth-longest-serving Chief Minister of an Indian state, holding the post for over twenty-two years.[16]
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Chief Ministers of United Andhra Pradesh [lower-alpha 2]
Portrait
Name
Constituency
Term of office[18]
Assembly
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
Kalahasti
1 November 1956
11 January 1960
3 years, 71 days
1
Dhone
12 March 1962
20 February 1964
1 year, 345 days
3
Damodaram Sanjivayya
Kurnool
11 January 1960
12 March 1962
2 years, 60 days
2
Kasu Brahmananda Reddy
Narasaraopet
21 February 1964
30 September 1971
7 years, 221 days
4
P. V. Narasimha Rao
Manthani
30 September 1971
10 January 1973
1 year, 102 days
5
Jalagam Vengala Rao
Vemsoor
10 December 1973
6 March 1978
4 years, 86 days
6
Marri Chenna Reddy
Medchal
6 March 1978
11 October 1980
2 years, 219 days
Sanathnagar
3 December 1989
17 December 1990
1 year, 14 days
9
Tanguturi Anjaiah
MLC
11 October 1980
24 February 1982
1 year, 136 days
6
Bhavanam Venkatarami Reddy
MLC
24 February 1982
20 September 1982
208 days
Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy
Kurnool
20 September 1982
9 January 1983
111 days
Panyam
9 October 1992
12 December 1994
2 years, 64 days
9
N. Janardhana Reddy
Venkatagiri
17 December 1990
9 October 1992
1 year, 297 days
Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy
Pulivendla
14 May 2004
2 September 2009
5 years, 111 days
12
K. Rosaiah
Guntur
3 September 2009
24 November 2010
1 year, 82 days
13
N. Kiran Kumar Reddy
Pileru
25 November 2010
1 March 2014
3 years, 96 days
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Premier of Bihar
Portrait
Name
Constituency
Term in office[21]
Assembly
Shri Krishna Sinha
N/A
20 July 1937
31 October 1939
2 years, 103 days
N/A
23 March 1946
25 January 1950
3 years, 308 days
N/A
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Chief Ministers of Bihar
Portrait
Name
Constituency
Term of office[21]
Assembly
Shri Krishna Sinha
Basantpur West
2 April 1946
31 January 1961
13 years, 138 days
1
2
Deep Narayan Singh
Hajipur
1 February 1961
18 February 1961
17 days
Binodanand Jha
Rajmahal
18 February 1961
2 October 1963
2 years, 226 days
3
K. B. Sahay
Patna West
2 October 1963
5 March 1967
3 years, 154 days
Satish Prasad Singh
Parbatta
28 January 1968
1 February 1968
5 days
4
B. P. Mandal
MLC
1 February 1968
2 March 1968
31 days
Harihar Singh
Nayagram
26 February 1969
22 June 1969
117 days
5
Daroga Prasad Rai
Parsa
16 February 1970
22 December 1970
310 days
Bhola Paswan Shastri
Korha
2 June 1971
9 January 1972
222 days
Kedar Pandey
Nautan
19 March 1972
2 July 1973
1 year, 105 days
6
Abdul Gafoor
MLC
2 July 1973
11 April 1975
1 year, 283 days
Jagannath Mishra
Jhanjharpur
11 April 1975
30 April 1977
2 years, 19 days
7
8 June 1980
14 August 1983
3 years, 67 days
8
6 December 1989
10 March 1990
94 days
9
Chandrashekhar Singh
Jhajha
14 August 1983
12 March 1985
1 year, 210 days
8
Bindeshwari Dubey
Shahpur
12 March 1985
13 February 1988
2 years, 338 days
9
Bhagwat Jha Azad
MLC
14 February 1988
10 March 1989
1 year, 24 days
Satyendra Narayan Sinha
MLC
11 March 1989
6 December 1989
270 days
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Chief Minister of Delhi (UT)
Portrait
Name
Constituency
Term in office[24]
Assembly
Sheila Dikshit
New Delhi
3 December 1998
1 December 2003
4 years, 363 days
2
2 December 2003
29 November 2008
4 years, 363 days
3
30 November 2008
28 December 2013
5 years, 28 days
4
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Chief Minister of Union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu
Portrait
Name
Constituency
Term of office[25]
Assembly
Pratapsingh Rane
Sattari
7 January 1985
30 May 1987
2 years, 143 days
4
Poriem
30 May 1987
9 January 1990
2 years, 224 days
5
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Chief Ministers of Goa (State)
Portrait
Name
Constituency
Term of office[25]
Assembly
Pratapsingh Rane
Poriem
9 January 1990
27 March 1990
77 days
1
16 December 1994
29 July 1998
3 years, 225 days
2
3 February 2005
4 March 2005
29 days
4
7 June 2005
7 June 2007
2 years, 0 days
Ravi Naik
Marcaim
25 January 1991
18 May 1993
2 years, 113 days
1
2 April 1994
8 April 1994
6 days
Wilfred de Souza
Saligao
18 May 1993
2 April 1994
319 days
8 April 1994
16 December 1994
252 days
29 July 1998
23 November 1998
117 days
2
Luizinho Faleiro
Navelim
26 November 1998
8 February 1999
77 days
9 June 1999
24 November 1999
168 days
3
Digambar Kamat
Madgaon
8 June 2007
8 March 2012
4 years, 274 days
5
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Chief Ministers of Gujarat
Portrait
Name
Constituency
Term of office[28]
Assembly
Jivraj Narayan Mehta
Amreli
1 May 1960
3 March 1962
3 years, 141 days
Interim
3 March 1962
19 September 1963
2
Balwantrai Mehta
Bhavnagar
25 February 1963
19 September 1965
2 years, 206 days
Hitendra Kanaiyalal Desai
Olpad
19 September 1965
3 April 1967
1 year, 196 days
3 April 1967
12 November 1969
2 years, 223 days
3
12 November 1969
12 May 1971
1 year, 181 days
Ghanshyam Oza
Dahegam
17 March 1972
17 July 1973
1 year, 122 days
4
Chimanbhai Patel
Sankheda
17 July 1973
9 February 1974
207 days
4 March 1990
17 February 1994
3 years, 350 days
8
Madhav Singh Solanki
Bhadran
24 December 1976
10 April 1977
107 days
5
7 June 1980
10 March 1985
4 years, 276 days
6
11 March 1985
6 July 1985
117 days
7
10 December 1989
3 March 1990
83 days
Amarsinh Chaudhary
Vyara
6 July 1985
9 December 1989
4 years, 156 days
Chimanbhai Patel
Unjha
25 October 1990
17 February 1994
3 years, 115 days
8
Chhabildas Mehta
Mahuva
17 February 1994
31 March 1995
1 year, 42 days
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Key
* – Incumbent Chief Minister
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Prime Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir
Portrait
Name
Constituency
Term of office[32]
Assembly
Mehr Chand Mahajan
N/A
15 October 1947
5 March 1948
142 days
3
Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq
Tankipura
29 February 1964
30 March 1965
1 year, 30 days
N/A
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Chief Ministers of Jammu and Kashmir (state)
Portrait
Name
Constituency
Term of office[32]
Assembly
Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq
Tankipura
30 March 1965
21 February 1967
1 year, 328 days
4
Amirakadal
21 February 1967
12 December 1971
4 years, 294 days
Syed Mir Qasim
Verinag
12 December 1971
17 June 1972
188 days
17 June 1972
25 February 1975
2 years, 253 days
Ghulam Nabi Azad
Bhaderwah
2 November 2005
11 July 2008
2 years, 252 days
10
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Chief Minister of Coorg State
Portrait
Name
Constituency
Term of office[35]
Assembly
C. M. Poonacha
N/A
27 March 1952
31 October 1956
4 years, 218 days
1
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Key
* – Incumbent Chief Minister
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Chief Ministers of Kerala
Portrait
Name
Constituency
Term of office[41]
Assembly
R. Sankar
Cannanore I
26 September 1962
10 September 1964
1 year, 350 days
2
Kannoth Karunakaran
Mala
25 March 1977
27 April 1977
33 days
5
28 December 1981
17 March 1982
79 days
6
24 May 1982
26 March 1987
4 years, 306 days
7
24 June 1991
16 March 1995
3 years, 265 days
9
A. K. Antony
Kazhakkuttom
27 April 1977
27 October 1978
1 year, 183 days
5
Tirurangadi
22 March 1995
9 May 1996
1 year, 48 days
9
Cherthala
17 May 2001
29 August 2004
3 years, 75 days
11
Oommen Chandy
Puthuppally
31 August 2004
12 May 2006
1 year, 254 days
11
18 May 2011
20 May 2016
5 years, 2 days
13
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Chief Ministers of Madhya Bharat (1948–1956)
Portrait
Name
Constituency
Term of office[43]
Assembly
Liladhar Joshi
N/A
28 May 1948
1 May 1949
338 days
Not yet created
Gopikrishna Vijayavargiya
N/A
10 May 1949
18 October 1950
1 year, 161 days
Takhatmal Jain
N/A
18 October 1950
31 March 1952
1 year, 165 days
Mishrilal Gangwal
N/A
31 March 1952
16 April 1955
3 years, 16 days
1
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Chief Ministers of Madhya Pradesh
Portrait
Name
Constituency
Term of office[45] [46]
Assembly
Ravishankar Shukla
Saraipali
1 November 1956
31 December 1956
60 days
1
Bhagwantrao Mandloi
Khandwa
9 January 1957
30 January 1957
21 days
12 March 1962
29 September 1963
1 year, 201 days
3
Kailash Nath Katju
Jaora
31 January 1957
14 March 1957
5 years, 39 days
2
14 March 1957
11 March 1962
Dwarka Prasad Mishra
Katangi
30 September 1963
8 March 1967
3 years, 302 days
4
8 March 1967
29 July 1967
Shyama Charan Shukla
Rajim
26 March 1969
28 January 1972
2 years, 308 days
23 December 1975
30 April 1977
1 year, 128 days
5
9 December 1989
1 March 1990
82 days
8
Prakash Chandra Sethi
Ujjain North
29 January 1972
22 March 1972
5 years, 39 days
5
23 March 1972
23 December 1975
Arjun Singh
Churhat
9 June 1980
13 March 1985
4 years, 277 days
7
Kharsia
14 February 1988
23 January 1989
344 days
8
Motilal Vora
Durg
13 March 1985
13 February 1988
2 years, 337 days
25 January 1989
9 December 1989
318 days
Digvijaya Singh
Raghogarh
7 December 1993
1 December 1998
10 years, 0 days
10
1 December 1998
7 December 2003
11
Kamal Nath
Chhindwara
17 December 2018
20 March 2020
1 year, 94 days
15
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Chief Minister of Bombay State (after the States Reorganisation Act, 1956) [lower-alpha 7]
Portrait
Name
Constituency
Term in office[50]
Assembly
Yashwantrao Chavan
Karad North
1 November 1956
5 April 1957
3 years, 181 days
1
5 April 1957
30 April 1960
2
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Chief Ministers of Maharashtra
Portrait
Name
Constituency
Term of office[51]
Assembly
Yashwantrao Chavan
Karad North
1 May 1960
19 November 1962
2 years, 202 days
1
Marotrao Kannamwar
Saoli
20 November 1962
24 November 1963
1 year, 4 days
2
P. K. Sawant
Chiplun
25 November 1963
4 December 1963
9 days
Vasantrao Naik
Pusad
5 December 1963
1 March 1967
11 years, 77 days
1 March 1967
13 March 1972
3
13 March 1972
20 February 1975
4
Shankarrao Chavan
Bhokar
21 February 1975
16 May 1977
2 years, 84 days
12 March 1986
26 June 1988
2 years, 106 days
7
Vasantdada Patil
MLC
17 May 1977
5 March 1978
1 year, 62 days
4
2 February 1983
1 June 1985
2 years, 119 days
6
A. R. Antulay
Shrivardhan
9 June 1980
12 January 1982
1 year, 217 days
Babasaheb Bhosale
Kurla
21 January 1982
1 February 1983
1 year, 11 days
Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar
Nilanga
3 June 1985
6 March 1986
276 days
7
Sharad Pawar
Baramati
18 July 1978
17 February 1980
1 year, 214 days
5
26 June 1988
3 March 1991
2 years, 364 days
7
6 March 1993
14 March 1995
2 years, 8 days
8
Sudhakarrao Naik
Pusad
25 June 1991
22 February 1993
1 year, 242 days
Vilasrao Deshmukh
Latur City
18 October 1999
16 January 2003
3 years, 90 days
10
1 November 2004
4 December 2008
4 years, 33 days
11
Sushilkumar Shinde
Solapur South
18 January 2003
30 October 2004
1 year, 286 days
10
Ashok Chavan
Bhokar
8 December 2008
15 October 2009
311 days
11
7 November 2009
9 November 2010
1 year, 2 days
12
Prithviraj Chavan
MLC
11 November 2010
26 September 2014
3 years, 319 days
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Chief Minister of Mizoram
Portrait
Name
Constituency
Term of office[54]
Assembly
Lal Thanhawla
Serchhip
5 May 1984
20 August 1986
2 years, 107 days
4
24 January 1989
7 December 1993
9 years, 313 days
6
8 December 1993
3 December 1998
7
11 December 2008
11 December 2013
10 years, 3 days
10
12 December 2013
14 December 2018
11
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Premiers of Orissa[lower-alpha 8]
Portrait
Name
Constituency
Term of office[57]
Assembly
Bishwanath Das
N/A
19 July 1937
4 November 1939
2 years, 108 days
1
Pre-Independent
Harekrushna Mahatab
N/A
23 April 1946
15 August 1947
1 year, 114 days
2
Pre-Independent
(1946–1952)
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Chief Ministers of Odisha
Portrait
Name
Constituency
Term of office[58]
Assembly
Harekrushna Mahatab
Soro
19 October 1956
25 February 1961
4 years, 129 days
1
2
Nabakrushna Choudhury
Barchana
12 May 1950
20 February 1952
6 years, 160 days
1
20 February 1952
19 October 1956
Biju Patnaik
Choudwar
23 June 1961
2 October 1963
2 years, 101 days
3
Bhubaneswar
5 March 1990
15 March 1995
5 years, 10 days
10
Biren Mitra
Cuttack City
2 October 1963
21 February 1965
1 year, 142 days
3
Sadashiva Tripathy
Omerkote
21 February 1965
8 March 1967
2 years, 15 days
Nandini Satpathy
Cuttack
14 June 1972
3 March 1973
262 days
5
Dhenkanal
6 March 1974
16 December 1976
2 years, 285 days
6
Binayak Acharya
Berhampur
29 December 1976
30 April 1977
122 days
Janaki Ballabh Patnaik
Athagarh
9 June 1980
10 March 1985
9 years, 181 days
8
10 March 1985
7 December 1989
9
15 March 1995
17 February 1999
3 years, 339 days
11
Hemananda Biswal
Laikera
7 December 1989
5 March 1990
88 days
6 December 1999
5 March 2000
90 days
15 March 1995
17 February 1999
3 years, 339 days
6 December 1999
5 March 2000
90 days
Giridhar Gamang
Laxmipur
17 February 1999
6 December 1999
292 days
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Chief Ministers of PEPSU (1952–56)
Portrait
Name
Constituency
Term of office[61] [62]
Assembly
Raghbir Singh
N/A
21 April 1952
22 April 1952
1 day
1
Patiala Sadar
8 March 1954
12 January 1955
310 days
2
Brish Bhan
Kalayat
12 January 1955
1 November 1956
1 year, 294 days
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Chief Ministers of Rajasthan
Portrait
Name
Constituency
Term of office[65]
Assembly
Heera Lal Shastri
N/A
7 April 1949
5 January 1951
1 year, 273 days
N/A
C. S. Venkatachari
N/A
6 January 1951
25 April 1951
109 days
Jai Narayan Vyas
N/A
26 April 1951
3 March 1952
312 days
Kishangarh
1 November 1952
12 November 1954
2 years, 11 days
1
Tika Ram Paliwal
Mahuwa
3 March 1952
31 October 1952
242 days
Mohan Lal Sukhadia
Udaipur
13 November 1954
1 April 1957
2 years, 139 days
2
11 April 1957
11 March 1962
4 years, 334 days
3
12 March 1962
13 March 1967
5 years, 1 day
4
26 April 1967
9 July 1971
4 years, 74 days
5
Barkatullah Khan
Tijara
9 July 1971
11 August 1973
2 years, 33 days
Hari Dev Joshi
Banswara
11 August 1973
29 April 1977
3 years, 261 days
10 March 1985
20 January 1988
2 years, 316 days
8
4 December 1989
4 March 1990
90 days
Jagannath Pahadia
Weir
6 June 1980
13 July 1981
1 year, 37 days
7
Shiv Charan Mathur
Mandalgarh
14 July 1981
23 February 1985
3 years, 224 days
20 January 1988
4 December 1989
1 year, 318 days
8
Hira Lal Devpura
Kumbhalgarh
23 February 1985
10 March 1985
15 days
7
Ashok Gehlot
Sardarpura
1 December 1998
8 December 2003
5 years, 7 days
15
12 December 2008
13 December 2013
5 years, 1 day
17 December 2018
3 December 2023
4 years, 351 days
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Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh
Portrait
Name
Constituency
Term of office[73]
Assembly
Govind Ballabh Pant
Bareilly Municipality
26 January 1950
20 May 1952
4 years, 335 days
2 provincial
20 May 1952
27 December 1954
1
Sampurnanand
Varanasi South
28 December 1954
9 April 1957
5 years, 344 days
2
10 April 1957
6 December 1960
Chandra Bhanu Gupta
Ranikhet South
7 December 1960
14 March 1962
2 years, 298 days
3
14 March 1962
1 October 1963
Ranikhet
14 March 1967
2 April 1967
19 days
4
26 February 1969
17 February 1970
356 days
Sucheta Kripalani
Menhdawal
2 October 1963
13 March 1967
3 years, 162 days
3
Kamalapati Tripathi
Chandauli
4 April 1971
12 June 1973
2 years, 69 days
5
Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna
Bara
8 November 1973
4 March 1974
2 years, 21 days
5 March 1974
29 November 1975
6
Narayan Dutt Tiwari
Kashipur
21 January 1976
30 April 1977
1 year, 99 days
3 August 1984
10 March 1985
1 year, 52 days
8
11 March 1985
24 September 1985
9
25 June 1988
5 December 1989
1 year, 163 days
Vishwanath Pratap Singh
Tindwari
9 June 1980
18 July 1982
2 years, 39 days
8
Sripati Mishra
Isauli
19 July 1982
2 August 1984
2 years, 14 days
Vir Bahadur Singh
Paniyara
24 September 1985
24 June 1988
2 years, 274 days
9
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The Andhra State was established on 1 October 1953, following the Andhra movement
United Andhra Pradesh, was officially established on 1 November 1956, through the enactment of the States Reorganisation Act in August 1956. This led to the dissolution of Hyderabad State , with its divisions becoming part of Mysore State and Bombay State .
The first Legislative Assembly of Chhattisgarh was constituted by the MLAs elected in the 1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, whose constituencies were in the newly formed Chhattisgarh.[23]
Orissa was the official name until 2011[56]
While the Assembly website calls the pre-1950 officeholders "Premiers of West Bengal",[75] the Times of India points out that they were universally referred to as "Prime Ministers of West Bengal" at the time.[76]
Following the promulgation of the Constitution of India, the provincial assembly carried on as the legislative assembly of West Bengal until fresh elections could be organised in 1952.[77]
Until March 1952, Roy did not represent any constituency. For his last three months in office, during the Third Assembly, Roy represented Chowringhee constituency.
According to some sources, Sen also acted as interim chief minister during 2–8 July 1962.[79]
"The States" . Know India: National Government Portal of India. Retrieved 22 July 2024 .
"CM Karnataka" . Ballari District Administration. Retrieved 22 July 2024 .
"U.N. Dhebar" . Indian Culture Portal. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2024 .
Desai, S. H. (1972). A critical study of the development of secondary education for girls in Gujarat its history and present day problems (PhD thesis). Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. pp. 411–420. hdl :10603/57937 – via Shodhganga : a reservoir of Indian theses @ INFLIBNET.
Jones, Daniel (2003) [1917]. Roach, Peter; Hartmann, James; Setter, Jane (eds.). English Pronouncing Dictionary . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 3-12-539683-2 .
The ordinal number of the term being served by the person specified in the row in the corresponding period