This is a list of butterflies of Great Britain, including extinct, naturalised species and those of dubious origin. The list comprises butterfly species listed in The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland by Emmet et al.[1] and Britain's Butterflies by Tomlinson and Still.[2]
A study by NERC in 2004 found there has been a species decline of 71% of butterfly species between 1983 and 2003.[3] The 2007 UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) listed 22 butterfly species.[4] The 2011 Red List of British butterflies lists 4 species as "regionally extinct" (RE), 2 as "critically endangered", 8 as "endangered (E), 9 as "vulnerable" (V), 11 as "near threatened" (NT) and 28 as "least concern" (LC) in a UK context.[5] In the list below, the categories are as taken from the 2022 Red List (RE 4, E 8, V 16, NT 5, LC 29).[6] Range expansions according to the 2010 Atlas of Butterflies in Britain and Ireland.[7]
Butterfly Conservation lists 29 of Great Britain's 58 breeding butterfly species as "High UK threat priority", with 9 of those with conservation priority status "Action urgent across UK range".[8]
– formerly thinly distributed in south and east, now confined to western Scotland; re-establishment project ongoing (2018–2020) Rockingham Forest, England[9]
– south of the Humber estuary, with concentrations in south-west Wales, north Devon and south-west Somerset, and west Weald. In 2009 eggs were found at Feckenham Wylde Moor reserve in Worcestershire.[10]
P. aegeria tircis – throughout southern third of Great Britain, Scottish Highlands; expanding range north and east in England and Scotland; has colonized Isle of Man
P. aegeria oblita – western Scotland and Inner Hebrides
– throughout, except north-west England and north-west half of Scotland; expanding range in English Midlands, western England, English–Scottish borders, and Scotland; "infilling" southern Scotland
Mazarine blue – Cyaniris semiargus (now vagrant only)RE
Large copper – Lycaena dispar (Great Britain subspecies extinct; continental subspecies introduced now also extinct)RE
Large tortoiseshell – Nymphalis polychloros (now vagrant only, although sightings in southern England since 2007 suggest recolonisation may be occurring)RE
Emmet, A.M., J. Heath et al. (Ed.), 1990. The Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland Vol. 7 Part 1 (Hesperiidae to Nymphalidae). Harley Books, Colchester, UK. 370p.
Fox, Richard; Warren, Martin S.; Brereton, Tom M.; Roy, David B.; Robinson, Anna (2011). "A new Red List of British butterflies". Insect Conservation and Diversity. 4 (3): 159–172. doi:10.1111/j.1752-4598.2010.00117.x. S2CID86056452.