List of arthropod orders

Arthropods are invertebrate animals having an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages. Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda. They are distinguished by their jointed limbs and cuticle made of chitin, often mineralised with calcium carbonate. The arthropod body plan consists of segments, each with a pair of appendages. Arthropods are bilaterally symmetrical and their body possesses an external skeleton. In order to keep growing, they must go through stages of moulting, a process by which they shed their exoskeleton to reveal a new one. Some species have wings. They are an extremely diverse group, with up to 10 million species.

Marrella, one of the puzzling arthropods from the Burgess Shale

A shed carapace of a lady crab, part of the hard exoskeleton

Arthropods are invertebrate animals with a chitinous exoskeleton, segmented bodies, and jointed legs. The phylum Arthropoda contains numerous taxonomic orders in over 20 classes.

Subphylum Hexapoda

• Order Diplura (Diplurans)
• Order Protura (Coneheads)

Class Insecta (Insects)

Head of a wasp with three ocelli (centre), and compound eyes at the left and right

A pair of Simosyrphus grandicornis hoverflies mating in flight.

Aedes aegypti, a parasite, is the vector of dengue fever and yellow fever

Subclass Monocondylia or Monochlamydia

• Order Archaeognatha – 350 (Jumping bristletails)

Subclass Dicondylia

• Order †Carbotriplurida
• Infraclass Thysanura
  • Order Zygentoma – 370
• Infraclass Pterygota
  • Order †Reculida
  • Order †Perielytrodea
  • Order †Eoblattida
  • Clade Panephemeroptera
    • Order †Protephemeroptera
    • Order †Syntonopterodea
    • Order †Permoplectoptera
    • Order †Coxoplectoptera
    • Order Ephemeroptera – 3,000 (Mayflies)
  • Clade Odonataptera
    • Order †Eugeroptera
    • Order †Kukaloptera
    • Order †Argentinoptera
    • Order †Geroptera
    • Order †Eomeganisoptera
    • Order †Meganisoptera
    • Order †Campylopterodea
    • Order †Protanisoptera
    • Order †Triadophlebioptera
    • Order †Protozygoptera
    • Order Odonata – 5,900 (Dragonflies and damselflies)
  • Clade Palaeodictyopteroidea
    • Order †Palaeodictyoptera
    • Order †Permothemistida
    • Order †Diaphanopterodea
    • Order †Megasecoptera
  • Clade Polyneoptera
    • Order †Paoliida
    • Order †Protorthoptera (Paraphyletic assemblage of basal and stem polyneopterans)
    • Order †Sheimiodea
    • Order Zoraptera – 28 (Angel insects)
    • Order †Archelytroidea
    • Order †Protelytroptera
    • Order Dermaptera – 1,816 (Earwigs)
    • Order Plecoptera – 2,274 (Stoneflies)
    • Order †Caloblattinidea
    • Order †Alienoptera
    • Order Mantodea – 2,200 (Mantises)
    • Order Blattodea – 3,684–4,000 (Cockroaches and termites)
    • Order Grylloblattodea – 34 (ice-crawlers)
    • Order Mantophasmatodea – 15 (gladiators)
    • Order Phasmatodea – 2,500–3,300 (Stick insects or stick-bugs)
    • Order Embioptera – 200–300 (Webspinners)
    • Order †Chresmododea
    • Order †Cnemidolestida
    • Order †Titanoptera
    • Order †Caloneurodea
    • Order Orthoptera – 24,380 (Grasshoppers, locusts, crickets, etc.)
  • Clade Clareocercaria
    • Order †Hypoperlida
    • Order †Miomoptera
    • Order Psocodea – 11,000 (Lice, bark lice, book lice)
    • Order †Permopsocida
    • Order Hemiptera – 50,000–80,000 (True bugs)
    • Order †Lophioneurida
    • Order Thysanoptera – 5,000 (Thrips)
  • Clade Holometabola
    • Order Hymenoptera – 115,000 (Sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants)
    • Order Strepsiptera – 596 (Twisted-wing parasites)
    • Order Coleoptera – 360,000–400,000 (Beetles)
    • Order †Glosselytrodea
    • Order Raphidioptera – 210 (Snakeflies)
    • Order Megaloptera – 250–300 (Alderflies, dobsonflies, and fishflies)
    • Order Neuroptera – 5,000 (Net-winged insects)
    • Order †Protomecoptera
    • Order †Tarachoptera
    • Order †Permotrichoptera
    • Order Lepidoptera – 174,250 (Butterflies and moths)
    • Order Trichoptera – 12,627 (Caddisfly)
    • Order †Paratrichoptera
    • Order †Protodiptera (Permotipula and Permila)
    • Order Diptera – 152,956 (Flies)
    • Order †Paramecoptera
    • Order Nannomecoptera
    • Order Mecoptera – 481 (Scorpionflies)
    • Order Neomecoptera
    • Order Siphonaptera – 2,525 (Fleas)

Class Collembola

Proturan specimen (Acerentomon sp.)

• Order Entomobryomorpha
• Order Poduromorpha
• Order Symphypleona
• Order Neelipleona

Subphylum Chelicerata

Class Xiphosura

• Order Xiphosurida

Class †Eurypterida

• Order †Eurypterida
• Order †Chasmataspidida

Class Arachnida (Arachnids)

Araneus diadematus spider

• Subclass Acari (Mites)
  • Order Opilioacariformes
  • Order Ixodida (Ticks)
  • Order Holothyrida
  • Order Mesostigmata
  • Order Trombidiformes
  • Order Sarcoptiformes
  • Order Endeostigmata
• Subclass Arachnopulmonata
  • Order Amblypygi (Whip spiders)
  • Order Araneae (Spiders)
  • Order †Haptopoda
  • Order Palpigradi (Microwhip scorpions)
  • Order †Uraraneida
  • Order Schizomida (Short-tailed whip scorpions)
  • Order Pseudoscorpionida (Pseudoscorpions, or false scorpions)
  • Order Scorpiones (True scorpions)
  • Order Uropygi (Thelyphonida s.s., whip scorpions)
  • Order †Trigonotarbida
• Order Opiliones (Harvestmen, also known as daddy longlegs)
• Order †Phalangiotarbida
• Order Solifugae (Sun spiders or wind scorpions)
• Order Ricinulei (Hooded tickspiders)

Class Pycnogonida

• Order Pantopoda (Sea spiders)

Pycnogonida

Subphylum Myriapoda (Centipedes and millipedes)

A representative millipede and centipede (not necessarily to scale)

Ammodesmus nimba from Guinea, West Africa, curled in a defensive coil

Class Chilopoda (Centipedes)

• Order Scutigeromorpha
• Order Lithobiomorpha (stone centipedes)
• Order †Devonobiomorpha
• Order Craterostigmomorpha
• Order Scolopendromorpha (tropical centipedes)
• Order Geophilomorpha (soil centipedes)

Class Diplopoda (Millipedes)

See also: List of millipede families

Subclass Penicillata

• Order Polyxenida (Bristly millipedes)

Subclass Chilognatha

• Order †Zosterogrammida^[1]
• Infraclasss †Arthropleuridea
  • Order †Arthropleurida
  • Order †Eoarthropleurida
  • Order †Microdecemplicida
• Infraclass Pentazonia
  • Order †Amynilyspedida
  • Superorder Limacomorpha
    • Order Glomeridesmida
  • Superorder Oniscomorpha (Pill millipedes)
    • Order Glomerida
    • Order Sphaerotheriida (Giant pill millipedes)
• Infraclasss †Archipolypoda
  • Order †Archidesmida
  • Order †Cowiedesmida
  • Order †Euphoberiida
  • Order †Palaeosomatida
• Infraclass Helminthomorpha
  • Order †Pleurojulida
  • Order Platydesmida
  • Order Polyzoniida
  • Order Siphonocryptida
  • Order Siphonophorida
  • Superorder Juliformia
    • Order Julida
    • Order Siphoniulida
    • Order Spirobolida
    • Order Spirostreptida
    • Superfamily †Xyloiuloidea (Sometimes aligned with Spirobolida)^[2]
  • Superorder Merocheta
    • Order Polydesmida (Flat-backed millipedes)
  • Superorder Nematophora
    • Order Callipodida
    • Order Chordeumatida
    • Order Stemmiulida

Class Pauropoda

A pauropod

• Order Hexamerocerata
• Order Tetramerocerata

Class Symphyla

• Order Scolopendrellida (garden centipedes)
• Order Scutigerellida

Subphylum Crustacea (Crustaceans)

• Order †Henningsmoenicarida
• Order †Cambropachycopida
• Order †Cambrocarida
• Order †Martinssoniida
• Order †Phosphatocopida
• Order †Bostrichopodida

Class †Thylacocephala

• Order †Ainiktozoiformes
• Order †Concavicarida
• Order †Conchyliocarida

Class Remipedia

• Order †Enantiopoda
• Order Nectiopoda

Class Branchiopoda

Branchiopods

• Subclass Sarsostraca
  • Order Anostraca (Fairy shrimp)
  • Order †Lipostraca
• Subclass Phyllopoda
  • Infraclass Calmanostraca
    • Order †Protocaridida
    • Order †Kazacharthra
    • Order Notostraca (Tadpole shrimp)
  • Infraclass Diplostraca (Clam shrimp)
    • Order Laevicaudata
    • Order Spinicaudata
    • Order Cyclestherida
    • Order Anomopoda
    • Order Ctenopoda
    • Order Haplopoda
    • Order Onychopoda

Class Cephalocarida

• Order Brachypoda (Horseshoe shrimp)

Class Thecostraca

^[3]

Subclass Ascothoracida

• Order Dendrogastrida
• Order Laurida

Subclass Cirripedia (Barnacles)

• Infraclass Acrothoracica
  • Order Cryptophialida
  • Order Lithoglyptida
• Infraclass Rhizocephala
• Infraclass Thoracica
  • Superorder Phosphatothoracica
    • Order Iblomorpha
    • Order †Eolepadomorpha
  • Superorder Thoracicalcarea
    • Order Calanticomorpha
    • Order Pollicipedomorpha
    • Order Scalpellomorpha
    • Order †Archaeolepadomorpha
    • Order †Brachylepadomorpha
    • (unranked) Sessilia (Acorn barnacles)
      • Order Balanomorpha
      • Order Verrucomorpha

Subclass Facetotecta

Class Hexanauplia

Subclass Copepoda (Copepods)

Cyclops (Copepoda: Cyclopoida)

• Infraclass Progymnoplea
  • Order Platycopioida
• Infraclass Neocopepoda
  • Clade Gymnoplea
    • Order Calanoida
  • Clade Podoplea
    • Order Canuelloida
    • Order Cyclopoida (incl. Poecilostomatoida)
    • Order Gelyelloida
    • Order Harpacticoida
    • Order Misophrioida
    • Order Monstrilloida
    • Order Mormonilloida
    • Order Siphonostomatoida

Class Ichthyostraca

Subclass Branchiura

• Order Arguloida (Carp lice, or fish lice)
• Order †Cyclida (Cycloids)

Subclass Pentastomida

Adult female Linguatula serrata

• Order Cephalobaenida
• Order Porocephalida
• Order Raillietiellida
• Order Reighardiida

Class Mystacocarida

^[4]

• Order Mystacocaridida

Class Ostracoda (Ostracods, or seed shrimp)

Ostracod

• Order †Eridostracoda

Subclass †Leperditicopa

• Order †Leperditicopida
• Order thippslicus

Subclass †Leiocopa

• Order †Leiocopida

Subclass Palaeocopa

• Order Palaeocopida

Subclass Myodocopa

• Order Myodocopida
• Order Halocyprida

Subclass Podocopa

• Order Platycopida
• Order Podocopida

Class Malacostraca (Malcostracans, such as crabs and lobsters)

Syncarid Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus

Hoplocarid

Nebalia bipes Phyllocarid

See also: List of prehistoric malacostracans

Subclass Eumalacostraca

• Superorder Syncarida
  • Order Anaspidacea Calman, 1904
  • Order Bathynellacea Chappuis, 1915
  • Order †Palaeocaridacea
• Superorder †Eocarida
  • Order †Eocaridacea
  • Order †Pygocephalomorpha
• Superorder Peracarida
  • Order Amphipoda (Includes freshwater shrimp and sandhoppers)
  • Order Cumacea (Hooded shrimp)
  • Order Isopoda (Isopods - includes wood lice)
  • Order Lophogastrida
  • Order Mictacea
  • Order Mysida
  • Order Spelaeogriphacea
  • Order Stygiomysida
  • Order Tanaidacea (Tanaids)
  • Order Thermosbaenacea
• Superorder Eucarida
  • Order Decapoda (Crayfish, crabs, lobsters, prawns, and shrimp)
  • Order Euphausiacea (Krill)
  • Order †Angustidontida

Subclass Hoplocarida

• Order Stomatopoda (Mantis shrimp)
• Order †Aeschronectida
• Order †Palaeostomatopoda

Subclass Phyllocarida

• Order ?†Discinocarida
• Order †Archaeostraca
• Order †Hoplostraca
• Order Leptostraca

Subphylum †Artiopoda

no class

• Order †Emeraldellida
• Order †Cheloniellida
• Order †Sidneyiformes
• Order †Agnostina

Class †Protosutura

• Order †Acanthomeridiida

Class †Aglaspida

• Order †Aglaspidida
• Order †Strabopida

Class †Trilobita

See also: List of trilobite genera

Paradoxides

Order Retifaciida

Subclass †Petalopleura

• Order †Sinoburiida
• Order †Xandarellida

Subclass †Nectopleura

• Order †Nectaspidida

Subclass †Conciliterga

• Order †Helmetiida †

Subclass †Trilobita

• Order †Eodiscina
• Order †Olenellina
• Order †Asaphida
• Order †Aulacopleurida
• Order †Corynexochida
• Order †Harpetida
• Order †Redlichiida
• Order †Lichida
• Order †Phacopida
• Order †Proetida
• Order †Ptychopariida

Other classes

no class

• Order †Isoxyida
• Order †Hymenocarina
• Order †Mollisoniida
• Order †Bradoriida
• Order †Burgessiida

• Order †Fuxianhuiida
• Order †Habeliida

Class †Megacheira

Reconstructed Leanchoilia

• Order †Leanchoiliida
• Order †Yohoiida

Class †Marrellomorpha

• Order †Acercostraca
• Order †Marrellida

Class †Dinocaridida

• Order †Radiodonta
• Order †Opabiniida

Class †Euthycarcinoidea

• Order †Euthycarcinida