List of aqueducts in the city of Rome

This is a list of ancient Roman aqueducts in the city of Rome.

The eleven ancient aqueducts of Rome

Route of the aqueducts outside of Rome

Introduction

In order to meet the water needs of its population, the city of Rome was eventually supplied with 11 aqueducts by 226 AD^{[citation needed]}, which were some of the city's greatest engineering achievements^{[citation needed]}. Estimates of total water supplied in a day by all aqueducts vary from 520,000 m³ (140,000,000 US gal) to 1,127,220 m³ (297,780,000 US gal)^{[1]: 156-7 [2]: 347}, mostly sourced from the Aniene river and the Apennine Mountains^{[citation needed]}, serving a million citizens^{[citation needed]}. Most of our information about Roman aqueducts come from statistics compiled in the late 1st century AD by Sextus Julius Frontinus, the Curator Aquarum^[1]: 152.

These estimates may not have considered water loss. Modern engineers have questioned the validity of these figures and measured Anio Novus limestone deposits to estimate the average wetted perimeter and surface roughness corresponding to only 2/3 of the flow figure given below.^[3]

Aqueducts in the (ancient) city Rome

Name	Year begun	Year completed	Length (km)[2]: 347	Height at source (m)	Height in Rome (m)	Average gradient (%)[2]: 347	Capacity (m³ a day)[4][2]: 347	Quality
Aqua Appia		312 BC[5]: 23	16	30	20	0.06	73,000
Aqua Anio Vetus	272 BC	269 BC[5]: 29	64	280	48	0.36	175,920
Aqua Marcia	144 BC	140 BC[5]: 67	91	318	59	0.27	187,600
Aqua Tepula		125 BC[5]: 147	18	151	61	0.5	17,800
Aqua Julia	40 BC[6]: 406	33 BC[5]: 157	23	350	64	1.24	48,240
Aqua Virgo		19 BC[5]: 167	21	24	20	0.02	100,160
Aqua Alsietina		2 BC[5]: 179	33	209	17	0.6	15,680	Considered the worst in quality, and used as drinkable source only when other supplies were unavailable[2]: 169 .
Aqua Anio Novus	38 AD[7]: 150	52 AD[7]: 150	87	400	70	0.38	189,520	Considered after Alsietina the worst in quality[2]: 169 .
Aqua Claudia	38 AD	52 AD[5]: 187	69	320	67	0.38	184,220
Aqua Traiana		109 AD[5]: 331	58	-	-	0.38	113,920
Aqua Alexandrina		226 AD[5]: 341	22	-	50	0.1	21,160

See also

• Aqueduct (bridge)
• Aqueduct (water supply)
• Parco degli Acquedotti
• List of aqueducts
• List of aqueducts in the Roman Empire
• List of Roman aqueducts by date