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This is an incomplete list of ancient Greek cities, including colonies outside Greece, and including settlements that were not sovereign poleis. Many colonies outside Greece were soon assimilated to some other language but a city is included here if at any time its population or the dominant stratum within it spoke Greek. Also included are some cities that were not Greek-speaking or Hellenic, but contributed to the Hellenic culture of the region.
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| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Abdera | Thrace (near Xanthi), Greece | Avdira | |
| Abila | 13 km north-northeast of Irbid, Jordan | Harta or Hartha | Abila Dekapoleos, Abila (Greek: Ἄβιλα), Seleucia (Greek: Σελεύκεια), Seleuceia, Seleukeia, Seleukheia, Ancient Raphana |
| Abydos | North of Çanakkale, East Bank of Hellespont | Nağara, pronounced Nara | Abydus |
| Acanthus | Athos | Ierissos | Erisso |
| Acharnae | near Acharnes and Ano Liosia, about 10 km north of Athens | Acharnes | Menidi |
| Actium | mouth of the Ambracian Gulf | Punta, abandoned | |
| Adramyttium | Edremit (Town), Balıkesir | Edremit (Town) | Adramyttion, Adramytteion, Atramyttion |
| Aegae | Central Macedonia, near modern Vergina, Greece | abandoned | Aigai |
| Aegina | island in the Saronic Gulf, 27 km (17 mi) from Athens | Aegina | |
| Aegium | Achaea, Greece | Aigio (Αίγιο) | Egio, Egion |
| Aenea | Chalcidice, northern Greece | abandoned | Ainea |
| Aenus | Turkish Thrace | Enez | Poltyobria, Poltymbria |
| Agrinion | Aetolia-Acarnania, 3 km south-west of modern Agrinio | abandoned | Agrinium |
| Aigosthena | Attica | abandoned | Egosthena |
| Akragas (Akragasta) | Sicily (Italio) | Agrigento | Agrigentum, Kerkent, Girgenti |
| Akrai | Sicily | Palazzolo Acreide | Acrae |
| Akrillai | Hyblaean Mountains, south-eastern Sicily | Chiaramonte Gulfi | Acrillae, Gulfi |
| Akroinon | western Turkey | Afyonkarahisar | Hapanuwa, Nicopolis, Kara Hissar, Afyon, Karahisar-i Sahip, Afium-Kara-hissar, Afyon Karahisar |
| Akrotiri (Ακρωτήρι) | Thera/Santorini, Greece | Akrotiri | |
| Alalcomenae | Ithaca | abandoned | |
| Alalia | Corsica | Aléria | Aleria, Alaliē (Ἀλαλίη) |
| Alexándreia (Ἀλεξάνδρεια) | northern Egypt | Alexandria | al-Iskandariyya, Rakotə, Eskendereyya (اسكندريه) |
| Alexandretta | southern Turkey | İskenderun | al-'İskandarūn (الإسكندرون) |
| Alexandria Arachosia | southern Afghanistan | Qandahar | |
| Alexandria Ariana | western Afghanistan | Herat | |
| Alexandria Asiana | Iran | ||
| Alexandria Bucephalous | Pakistan | Jhelum, or more likely Phalia | |
| Alexandria in the Caucasus | near modern Bagram, Afghanistan | Kapisa | |
| Alexandria Eschate | Fergana Valley | Khujand | Alexandria the Furthest, Khüjand, Khodzhent, Khudchand, Chodjend, Ispisar, Leninabad, Leninobod |
| Alexandria on the Indus | at the confluence of the Indus and Chenab rivers, Pakistan, 13 km from modern Uch | abandoned | Uch, Uch Sharif, Alexandria at the Head of the Punjab |
| Alexandria on the Oxus | near Kunduz, northern Afghanistan | abandoned | Ai-Khanoum, Ay Khanum, possibly Eucratidia |
| Alexandria Troas | Troad region of Turkey | Alexandria of the Troad, Sigia, Antigonia Troas, | |
| Alinda | near Karpuzlu, Turkey | abandoned | possibly Alexandria by the Latmos |
| Amarynthos | Euboea, Greece | Amarynthos | Vathia (Médiéval name) |
| Amaseia | Yeşilırmak River, northern Turkey | Amasya | Amáseia (Αμάσεια) |
| Ambracia | Epirus | ||
| Amida | banks of the River Tigris, south-eastern Turkey | Diyarbakır | Diyâr-ı Bekr, Amed, Āmîḏ (ܐܡܝܕ) |
| Amisos | Black Sea coast, Turkey | Samsun | Amisus, Eis Amison, Samsunta, Samsus, Samson, Samsounta |
| Amnisos | Crete, Greece | Phocis, Greece | |
| Amphicaea | Boeotia, Greece | Amfikleia | Amphicleia |
| Amphigeneia | Peloponnese, southern Greece | abandoned | |
| Amphipolis | Central Macedonia, Greece | Amfipoli | |
| Amphissa | Phocis, Greece | Amfissa | Salona |
| Ankon (Ἀγκών) | Adriatic coast of central Italy | Ancona | |
| Antigonea | Chaonia, southern Albania | abandoned | |
| Antipatrea | Illyria, southern Albania | Berat | Beligrad |
| Antioch on the Maeander | south western Turkey, near Kuyucak | abandoned | Antiochia on the Maeander, Antiochia ad Mæandrum, Pythopolis |
| Antioch, Mygdonia | south eastern Turkey | Nusaybin | Soba, Nisibis |
| Antioch on the Orontes | eastern side of the Orontes River, near modern Antakya, Turkey | Antiochia ad Orontem, Great Antioch, Syrian Antioch | |
| Antioch, Pisidia | 1 km northeast of Yalvaç, Isparta Province, Turkey | Antiochia in Pisidia, Pisidian Antioch (Greek: Ἀντιόχεια τῆς Πισιδίας), Antiochia Caesareia, Antiochia Caesaria, Antiochia in Phrygia | |
| Antiochia ad Taurum | near Gaziantep, Turkey | abandoned | Antiochia in the Taurus |
| Andros | Cyclades, approximately 10 km (6.2 mi) south east of Euboea | ||
| Apamea | on the Orontes River, about 55 km northwest of Hama, Syria | abandoned | Apameia (Απάμεια), Afamia (أفاميا or آفاميا) |
| Apamea | near the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates, in Iraq | abandoned | Apameia (Απάμεια) |
| Apamea | Sittacene, Iraq, surrounded by the Tigris | abandoned | Apameia (Απάμεια) |
| Apamea | near Nahavand, Iran | abandoned | Apameia (Απάμεια) |
| Apamea Myrlea | on the Sea of Marmara, south of Mudanya, Turkey | abandoned | Apamea Myrleon, Apameia Myrleanos, Brylleion, Myrlea (Μύρλεια), Murleia, Myrleia, Colonia Iulia Concordia, Apamena. |
| Apamea | lake formed by the Birecik Dam, Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey | abandoned | Apameia (Απάμεια) |
| Apamea | Phrygia, Turkey | Dinar | Apameia (Απάμεια), Kibotos (κιβωτός), hê Kibôtos, Cibotus |
| Apamea Ragiana | Media, Iran | abandoned | Apamea Rhagiana, Apamea Raphiana, Apameia Rhagiane, Arsace, Khuvar, Choara |
| Aphidnae | Attica, Greece, about 28 km north of Athens | Afidnes (Αφιδνές, Αφίδναι) | Afidnai |
| Apollonia | Illyria, southernAlbania | abandoned | |
| Apollonia | Mygdonia, northern Greece | abandoned | |
| Apollonia | Pirgos Apollonias, northern Greece, opposite Thasos | abandoned | |
| Apollonia | Chalcidice, northern Greece | abandoned | |
| Apollonia | Aetolia, north western Greece | abandoned | |
| Apollonia | Acte peninsular, northern Greece | abandoned | |
| Apollonia | north coast of Crete, near Knossos | abandoned | |
| Apollonia | south coast of Crete | abandoned | |
| Apollonia | Sicily | possibly Pollina | |
| Apollonia | Cyrenaica, Libya | abandoned | |
| Apollonia | Mysia, western Turkey | abandoned | |
| Apollonia ad Rhyndacum | Mysia, western Turkey | abandoned | |
| Apollonia Pontica | Black Sea coast of Bulgaria | Sozopol | Antheia, Apollonia, Apollonia Magna |
| Apsaros | Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Georgia | Gonio | Apsyrtos (Ἄψυρτος) |
| Argos | Peloponnese, Greece | ||
| Arsuf | 15 km north of Tel al-Rabeea, Palestine | abandoned | Arsur, Apollonia |
| Artanes | on the Danube, north west Bulgaria | Lom | Almus, Lom Palanka |
| Artemita | Babylonia, in the district of Apolloniatis (modern Iraq) | abandoned | Ἀρτεμίτα |
| Argyroupoli | northern Turkey | Gümüşhane | |
| Asine | Argolis, Greece | destroyed | |
| Asine | Messenia, Greece | ||
| Asine | Laconia, southern Greece | Skoutari | |
| Asine | Cyprus | Asinou (Ασίνου) | |
| Asklepios | northern Turkey | İskilip | Iskila, Aesculapius, Andrapa, Andrapolis, Blocium, Bloacium, Neoclaudiopolis, Neopolis, İmad, Iskelib, İskelib, Direklibel |
| Aspendos | Antalya, southern Turkey | abandoned | |
| Assus | Çanakkale, Turkey | Behramkale | Assos |
| Astacus | western Turkey | İzmit | Nicomedea, Olbia |
| Athens | Attica, southern Greece | Athenai, Athena (Αθήνα) | |
| Athmonia | 11 km (7 mi) north of Athens, Greece | abandoned | |
| Aulon | Illyria, southern Albania | Vlorë | Aulona, Vlona, Valona |
| Aytos | eastern Bulgaria | Aytos | Aetos, Ajtos, Astos, Idos, Akvilia |
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| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Baris | south western Turkey | Isparta | |
| Bhrytos | Lebanon | Beirut | |
| Borysthenes | Ukrainian Black Sea coast | Berezan Island | Berezan' |
| Berge | Serres, Greece | Berge | Bergi |
| Boura | Achaea, Greece | ||
| Bouthroton (Βουθρωτόν) | southern Albania | abandoned | Butrint, Bouthrotios (Βουθρώτιος), Buthrotum |
| Brauron | Attica, Greece | abandoned | Vravrona, Vravronas |
| Byblos | Lebanon | Byblos | Byblos, Gubla, Gebal, Jbeil |
| Byzantium | Bosphorus Strait, western Turkey | Istanbul | Constantinople, Byzantion |
| Bithynium | western Turkey | Bolu | Vithinion (Βιθύνιον), Bithynium, Claudiopolis |
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| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Callipolis | Canakkale, Hellespont | Gelibolu | Kallipolis, Gallipoli |
| Calydon | Aetolia, Greece | ||
| Caphyae | Arkadia, Greece | Chotoussa el:Χωτούσσα Αρκαδίας | Kaphyai |
| Carystus | near modern Karystos, Euboea, Greece | ||
| Cassandreia | Central Macedonia, Greece | Kassandreia | |
| Cebrene | Troad region of Turkey | Kebrene, Kevrin, Alexandria (Greek: Αλεξάνδρεια), Antiochia in Troad (Greek: Αντιόχεια της Τρωάδας) | |
| Celenderis | Ancient Cilicia | Aydıncık | Kalenderis, Kelenderis |
| Chalcedon | opposite Byzantium, south of Scutari (modern Üsküdar) | Kadıköy | Chalkedon, Calchedon (Καλχήδων) |
| Chalcis | Euboea, Greece | Chalkida, Halkida, Halkis, Chalkis | |
| Chamaizi | Crete, Greece | [Chamaizi is later Turkish name; ancient name unknown] | [Hill is known locally as Souvloto Mouri, ancient Minoan site but possibly not a city] |
| Chersonesos | near Sevastopol, Crimea | Korsun, Khersones, Chersonese, Chersonesos, Cherson | |
| Chimaira | Chaonia, southern Albania | Himara, Himare | Cheimara, Cheimaera, Chimaera |
| Chios | in the island with the same name, Greece | ||
| Chytri | Cyprus | Kythrea | Chytroi (Χύτροι) |
| Clazomenae | near İzmir, in Turkey | Kilizman | Clazomenae (Κλαζομεναί) |
| Cleonae | Argolis, Greece | Archaies Kleones | Kontostavlos |
| Cnidus | situated on Datça peninsula, southwestern Turkey | Tekir | Knidos (Κνίδος) |
| Colosse | Phrygia, Asia Minor (modern Turkey) | abandoned | Κολλοσσαί, Colossae, Chonae, Kona |
| Corcyra | Corfu island, Greece | Corfu | Κέρκυρα, Κόρκυρα, Corcyra, Corfu, Corfù, Kérkyra |
| Corcyra Melaena | Korčula island, Dalmatia (part of modern Croatia) | Korčula | Κόρκυρα Μέλαινα, Kórkyra Mélaina, Corcyra Nigra |
| Corcyra | Kirkuk Gοvernorate, Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) | Kirkuk | Kórkura, Kirkoúk |
| Corinth | Corinthia | Corinth | |
| Croton | Calabria, southern Italy | Crotone | Crotona, Cotrone |
| Cyme | Aeolis, Turkey | Namurt | Kymi, Phriconis |
| Cyrene | near Shahhat, Cyrenaica, Libya | abandoned | |
| Cythera | Ionian Islands, Greece |
| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Decelea (Δεκέλεια) | Attica, Greece | Dekeleia, Dekelia, Deceleia, Decelia, Tatoi | |
| Delos | Cyclades, Greece | Dhilos (Δήλος) | |
| Delphi | Mount Parnassus, Greece | ||
| Demetrias | Magnesia, northern Greece | abandoned | Dimitrias |
| Dicaea | Chalcidice, northern Greece | abandoned | |
| Dicaea | Thrace | abandoned | |
| Dicaearchia | Campania, Italy | Pozzuoli | Pezzulo, Puteoli, Pozzuoli |
| Didyma | western Turkey | Didim | |
| Dion | Mount Olympus, Pieria, northern Greece | Dio (Δίο) | Dium |
| Dioscurias | Black Sea coast of Abkhazia, Georgia | Sukhumi | |
| Dodona | Epirus, Greece | abandoned | Dòdònè (Δωδώνη) |
| Dorylaion | near Eskişehir, Turkey | abandoned | Dorylaeum |
| Dyme | Achaea, Greece | abandoned |
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| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Edessa | Pella, northern Greece | Voden, Vodine, Vodina, Vudena, Vodena | |
| Edessa | Mesopotamia, southern Turkey | Şanlıurfa | Orrha, Orrhoa, Orhāy, Ourhoï, Urha, Ourha, Er Roha, Ar-Ruha, Orfa, Urfa, Ourfa, Sanli Urfa |
| Elateia | Phocis, Greece | ||
| Eleusis | Attica, Greece | ||
| Eleutherna | 25 km southeast of Rethymno, Crete | Apollonia (Ἀπολλωνία) | |
| Emporion | Catalonia, Spain | Empúries | Palaiapolis, Neapolis |
| Ephesus | Ionia, western Turkey | Efes | |
| Ephyra | Thesprotia, Greece | Kichyros - Κίχυρος | |
| Epidamnos | coastal Albania | Durrës | Epidamnos (Επίδαμνος), Dyrhacchion (Δυρράχιον), Dyrrachium, Drach, Drač (Драч), Dıraç. Durazzo |
| Epidauros | Argolis, Greece | Epidavros | |
| Eresos | Lesbos, Greece | Skala Eresou | |
| Eretria | Euboea, Greece | Eretria | Nea Psara (1823-1960) |
| Erythrae | Ionia, western Turkey | Ildiri | Erythrai (Ἐρυθραί), Litri |
| Eubea | Sicily | Licodia Eubea |
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| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Gangra | Çankırı, Turkey | Çankırı | Germanicopolis (Γερμανικόπολις), Germanopolis (Γερμανόπολις), Changra, Kandari, Kanghari |
| Gaza | Gaza Strip, Palestine | Gaza | |
| Gela | southern Sicily, Italy | Gela | Terranova di Sicilia |
| Golgi | Cyprus | Athienou | Golgoi (Γόλγοι) |
| Gonnos | Larissa regional unit, Greece | Gonnoi | Gonni (Γόννοι), Gonnus |
| Gorgippia | Black Sea coast of Krasnodar Krai, Russia | Anapa (Ана́па) | Sinda |
| Gournia | Crete, Greece | ||
| Gortyn | Crete | destroyed | Gortyna (Γόρτυνα, Γόρτυς, or Γόρτυν) |
| Gythium | Laconia, Greece | Gytheio | Gýtheion (Γύθειον), Gythio, Githio, Yithion |
| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Hagios Onouphrios | Crete, Greece | ||
| Hagia Triada | Crete, Greece | Ayias Triadha | |
| Halicarnassus | Caria, Turkey | Bodrum | Halikarnassós, Alikarnassós (Ἁλικαρνασσός), Halikarnas, Petronium (Πετρώνιον) |
| Halieis | Porto Heli, Argolis | abandoned | |
| Helike | Achaea, Greece | submerged | |
| Heliopolis | Lebanon | Baalbek | Heliopolis, Baalbek, Ἡλιούπολις |
| Hellespontos | Turkey | Dardanelles | |
| Helorus | south-east coast of Sicily | abandoned | Heloros, Helorum, Elorus, Ἔλωρος, Ἕλωρος, Eloro |
| Hēmeroskopeion | Province of Alicante, Spain | Dénia | Ἡμεροσκοπεῖον, Dianium |
| Heraclea Perinthus | western Turkey | Marmara Ereğli | Heraclea Thraciae, Heraclea (Ἡράκλεια), Heraclea |
| Heraclea | Lucania, Italy | abandoned | Anglona |
| Heraclea | Dalmatian Coast, Hvar | Hvar | Heraclea, Heracleia, Heraclia |
| Heraclea by Latmus | near Lake Bafa, Muğla Province, Turkey | Kapıkırı | Latmus, Λάτμος |
| Heraclea Cybistra | near Ereğli, Turkey | abandoned | |
| Heraclea Lyncestis | Pelagonia, near modern Bitola, North Macedonia | abandoned | Herakleia Lynkestis |
| Heraclea Minoa | near Montallegro, south coast of Sicily | abandoned | Hêrakleia Minôia, Rhachlôtês, Heracliensis |
| Heraclea Pontica | Bithynia, Turkey | Karadeniz Ereğli | |
| Heraclea Sintica | Rupite, Bulgaria | abandoned | |
| Heraclea Trachis | Central Greece, Greece | Heraclea | Trachis, Heraclea Trachinia |
| Hermione | Peloponnese, Greece | Ermioni (Ερμιόνη) | |
| Hermonassa | Taman peninsula, Krasnodar Krai, Russia | Tmutarakan (Тмутаракань) | |
| Hierapetra | Southern Crete, Greece | ||
| Hierapolis | Pamukkale, western Turkey | abandoned | Hierapolis (Ἱεράπολις) |
| Himera | northern coast of Sicily | abandoned, site subsequently re-settled | Thermae, Therma, Thermae Himerenses |
| Histria | Black Sea coast of Romania | abandoned | Istros (Ιστριη) |
| Hubla Minor | Sicily, Italy | abandoned | |
| Hubla Gereatis | southern slope of Mount Etna, Sicily | abandoned | |
| Hubla Heraea | Hyblaean Mountains, south-eastern Sicily | Ragusa | Hibla, Heresium, Rogos, Rakkusa |
| Hyele | Campania, Italy | Velia | Elea |
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| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Ialysos | Rhodes | ||
| Iasus | Caria, south-west Turkey | abandoned | Iassus (Iασoς, Iασσoς), Askem, Asýn Kalessi |
| Idalium | Cyprus | Dali | Idalion (Ιδάλιον) |
| Imbros | Greek island in northern Aegean Sea | Gökçeada | İmroz, Imvros (Ίμβρος) |
| Iolcus | Thessaly, eastern Greece | Iolkos (Ιωλκός) | |
| Issa | Vis, Croatia | Vis | Vis, Lissa, Issa (Ἴσσα) |
| Itanos | North-eastern Crete | Erimopolis | |
| Ithaca | island in the Ionian Sea | Ithaka, Ithaki, (Ιθάκη) |
| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Juktas | Crete, Greece |
| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Kaiete | Campania, Italy | Gaeta | Caiete, Caieta, Kaieta |
| Kallipolis | Caria, south-western Turkey | ||
| Kallipolis | Hellespont, north-western Turkey | Gelibolu | Gallipoli |
| Kallipolis | Apulia, southern Italy | Gallipoli | Callipolis |
| Kamares | Crete, Greece | ||
| Kameiros | Rhodes, Greece | ||
| Kannia | Crete, Greece | ||
| Kamarina | south-eastern coast of Sicily | abandoned | Camarina, Kamerina |
| Kasmenai | Hyblaean Mountains, south-eastern Sicily | abandoned (Buscemi) | Casmenae, Casmene, Kasmenai, Kasmene, Κασμέναι (Kasménai), Κασμένη (Kasménē) |
| Katane | east coast of Sicily | Catania | Katánē (Κατάνη), Catăna, Catĭna, Balad-al-Fil, Medinat-al-Fil, Wadi Musa, Qataniyah |
| Kerkinitida | Crimea, Ukraine | Yevpatoria | Eupatoria (Євпаторія, Евпатория), Kezlev, Kerkinitis, Gözleve |
| Kepoi | Taman Peninsula, Krasnodar Krai, Russia | abandoned, submerged | Cepoi (Κήποι, Кепы) |
| Kimmerikon | Kerch Peninsula, Crimea | abandoned | Cimmericum Crimea |
| Kios | Sea of Marmara, Bithynia, north-western Turkey | abandoned | Cius-Kios (Kίος, Kείος), Keios, Prusa, Prusias, Prusias ad Mare |
| Klazomenai | Ionia, Western Turkey | Urla | Clazomenae |
| Knidos | Caria | ||
| Knossos | Crete | abandoned | Knossus, Cnossus (Κνωσός) |
| Kommos | Crete, Greece | Kommos is the modern name; ancient name unknown | Komos, Komo |
| Korinthos | Korinthia, Greece | Archea Korinthos | |
| Kos | island of the Dodecanese, off Bodrum | Cos (Κως), İstanköy, Coo, Stanchio | |
| Kourion | Cyprus | Curium, Curias (Κούριον) | |
| Kúmē | Campania, Italy | abandoned | |
| Kydonia | Crete, Greece | Chania | Cydonia |
| Kynos | Boeotia, Greece | Livanates | Cynus, Kunos |
| Kyrenia | Cyprus | Girne |
| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Lamia | central Greece | Zetounion (Ζητούνιον), Zitouni (Ζητούνι), Zirtounion, Zitonion, Girton, El Cito | |
| Lampsacus | Troad, Turkey | Lapseki | Lampsakos (Λάμψακος), Pityusa, Pityussa, Pituousa (Πιτυουσα), Pituoussa (Πιτυουσσα) |
| Laodicea in Syria | Syrian coast | Latakia | Laodicea ad Mare, Latakiyah, Al-Ladhiqiyah, Laodikeia, Laodiceia, Lazkiye, Laodicea ad Mare |
| Laodicea on the Lycus | Lydia, Turkey | destroyed | Diospolis, Rhoas, Claudiolaodicea, Laodicea ad Lycum, Laodiceia, Laodikeia |
| Laodicea in Media | western Iran | Nahavand | Laodicea in Persis, Antiochia Nahavand, Nahāvand (نهاوند), Nahavend, Nahawand, Nehavand, Nihavand, Nehavend, Mah-Nahavand, Laodicea (Λαοδικεια), Ladhiqiyya, Laodiceia, Laodikeia, Laodicea in Media, Antiochia in Persis, Antiochia of Chosroes (Αντιόχεια του Χοσρόη), Antiochia in Media (Αντιόχεια της Μηδίας), Nemavand, Niphaunda |
| Laodicea Combusta | Lycaonia, Turkey | abandoned | Laodicea Catacecaumene, Laodiceia, Laodikeia, Laodikeia Katakekaumenê, Claudiolaodicea |
| Laodicea ad Libanum | Coele-Syria | abandoned | Laodiceia, Laodikeia, Cabrosa, Scabrosa, Cabiosa Laodiceia |
| Laodicea | Arcadia, Greece | Laodiceia, Laodikeia | |
| Laodicea Pontica | Pontus, north-eastern Turkey | Laodiceia and Laodikeia | |
| Laodicea | Mesopotamia, Iraq | lost | Laodikeia, Laodiceia |
| Laodicea in Phoenicia | Lebanon | Beirut | Laodicea in Canaan, Berytus |
| Lapithos | Cyprus | Lapta | |
| Larissa | Thessaly, Greece | Lárisa | |
| Larissa | Troad, Turkey | abandoned | |
| Lato | Crete, Greece | ||
| Laüs | Lucania, southern Italy | abandoned | Laus, Laos (Λᾶος) |
| Lebena | Crete, Greece | ||
| Lefkada | island in the Ionian Sea | ||
| Lekhaion | Corinthia, Greece | ||
| Leibethra | Central Macedonia, near modern Skotina, Greece | ||
| Leontinoi | southeastern Sicily | Lentini | Lintini, Leontinoi, Leontini and Leontium |
| Lepreum | Elis, Greece | abandoned | Lepreon, Lepreus |
| Lessa | Epidauria, Greece | abandoned | |
| Lilaea | Boeotia, Greece | Lilaea | |
| Lindus | Rhodes | Lindos | |
| Lissus | Crete, Greece | abandoned | |
| Lychnidos | Southwestern Region, North Macedonia | Ohrid | |
| Epizephyrian Locris | Calabria, southern Italy | destroyed | Locri |
| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Madytos | Eceabat (Town) | abandoned | Maitos, Madyta, |
| Magnesia on the Maeander | Ionia, western Turkey, on the Maeander river | abandoned | Magnesia ad Maeandrum |
| Magnesia ad Sipylum | Lydia, western Turkey | Manisa | Magnesia on the Sipylum |
| Malia | Crete, Greece | ||
| Mantineia | Arcadia, Greece | abandoned | Mantinea, Antigonia (Αντιγόνεια) |
| Marathon | Attica, Greece | Marathónas (Μαραθώνας), Marathōn (Μαραθών) | |
| Marmara | Balıkesir, Western Turkey | Marmara | |
| Maroneia | Maroneia, Eastern Thrace | Maroneia | Maronya |
| Masis | Epidauria, Greece | Kranidi | |
| Massalia | southern France | Marseille | Massilia |
| Megalopolis | Arcadia, Greece | Sinanou (Σινάνο) | |
| Megara | Attica, Greece | ||
| Megara Hublaea | near Augusta, eastern Sicily | destroyed | |
| Mesembria | Black Sea coast of Bulgaria | Nesebar | Menebria, Mesimvria (Μεσήμβρια), Mesimvria |
| Messene | southern Greece | ||
| Metapontum | Lucania, southern Italy | abandoned | Metapontium (Μεταπόντιον) |
| Methana | Epidauria, Greece | Vathy | |
| Methone | Central Macedonia, Greece | abandoned | |
| Methone | Messenia, southern Greece | Mothoni (Μοθώνη), Modon | |
| Methumna | Lesbos, in the Aegean Sea | Mithymna (Μήθυμνα), Molyvos, Molivos | |
| Miletos | Aydin, Turkey, Balat | abandoned | Milētos, Millawanda, Milawata, Miletus, Milet |
| Misenum | Campania, Italy | Miseno | |
| Mochlos | Crete, Greece | ||
| Monastiraki | Crete, Greece | abandoned | |
| Morgantina | central Sicily | abandoned | Murgantia, Morgantium, Μοργάντιον, Μοργαντίνη, Murgentia, Morgentia |
| Mulai | Sicily, Italy | Milazzo | |
| Mukenai | north-eastern Argolis, near Mykines | abandoned | Mykēnē, Mykēnai |
| Mylasa | Caria, south-western Turkey | Milas | |
| Myndus | Caria, western Turkey | Gümüşlük | Myndos (Μύνδος) |
| Myonia | Phocis, Greece | Agia Efthymia | Myania, Mynia |
| Myra | Lycia, Turkey | Demre | Kale |
| Myrmekion | Crimea, Ukraine | abandoned | Myrmēkion (Μυρμηκιων, Мирмекий) |
| Mutilene | Lesbos, in the Aegean Sea | ||
| Myos | Ionia, Anatolia | abandoned |
| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Nauplíos | Nafplio, Argolis | Nafpion | Nafpio, Nauplia, Navplion, Naupliē, Nauplia, Náfplion, Anáplion, Anáplia, Napoli di Romania, Mora Yenişehir, Anabolı, Yeni şehir, Náfplion |
| Naucratis | Nile Delta, Egypt | Naukratis (Ναύκρατις) | |
| Naupactus | Aetolia-Acarnania, Greece | Nafpaktos (Ναύπακτος, Έπαχτος), Naupactos, İnebahtı, Lepanto | |
| Naxos | Crete | abandoned | |
| Naxos | Sicily | Giardini Naxos | Giaddini |
| Neapoli | northern Greece | Kavala | Christoupolis, Morunets |
| Neapolis | Pallene, Chalcidice, Greece | Polychrono | Polyhrono, Polichrono, Polihrono (Πολύχρονο), Polyhronon, Polihronon |
| Neapolis | Apulia, Italy | Polignano a Mare | |
| Neapolis | Campania, Italy | Naples | Napoli, Napule |
| Nemea | Archaia Nemea, Argolis | abandoned | |
| Nicaea | Bithynia, north-western Turkey | Iznik | Ancore, Helicore, Antigoneia (Αντιγόνεια), Nikaia, Nicæa |
| Nicaea | southern France | Nice | Niça, Nissa, Nizza, Nizza Marittima |
| Nicopolis | Epirus, Greece | abandoned | Actia Nicopolis, Palaia Preveza |
| Nirou Hani | Crete, Greece | Minoan city | |
| Nymphaion | Crimea, Ukraine | Nymphaeum | |
| Nymphaion | Illyria, Albania | Nymphaeum | |
| Nysa | western Turkey | abandoned |
| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Oenoe (Οινόη) | northern Turkey | Ünye | Oene |
| Oenoe | Argolis, Greece | Oene | |
| Oenoe | Attica, Greece | Oene | |
| Oenus | Laconia, Greece | ||
| Odessos | coastal Ukraine | Odesa | Khadjibey, Khadjibei, Khacdjibei, Hacıbey, Hocabey, Gadzhibei, Chadžibėjus, Hacıbey |
| Odessos | coastal Bulgaria | Varna | |
| Olbia | Sardinia | Civita, Terranova Pausania | |
| Olbia | Ukrainian Black Sea coast | abandoned | Pontic Olbia, Olvia |
| Olous | near Elounda, Crete | drowned | Olus (Ὄλους, Ὄλουλις) |
| Olympia | Elis, Greece | abandoned | Olympí'a (Ολυμπία), Olýmpia (Ολύμπια), Olimpia, Olimbia |
| Olynthus | Chalcidice, northern Greece | destroyed | |
| Opus | Boeotia, Greece | Atalanti | Opous |
| Orchomenus | Arcadia, Greece | Orchomenos near Levidi | Kalpaki (Médiéval name) |
| Orchomenus | Boeotia, Greece | ||
| Oricos | Illyria/Epirus, near Vlorë, Albania | abandoned | |
| Orestias | Turkish Thrace | abandoned | |
| Oreus | northern Euboea | ||
| Oropus | Attica, Greece | Oropos (Ωρωπός) | |
| Onchesmos | Epirus, southern Albania | Sarandë | Anchiasmos, Άγιοι Σαράντα, Agioi Saranda, Turkish: Aya Sarandi |
| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Pactye | Thracian Chersonesos, Turkey | abandoned | |
| Pagasae | Magnesia, central Greece | Platanos, central Greece | |
| Palaikastro | Crete, Greece | Minoan city | |
| Pandosia | Epirus, Greece | abandoned | |
| Pandosia | Bruttium, Italy | castellibero | castrofranco |
| Pandosia | Lucania, Italy | abandoned | |
| Panticapaeum | Taurica, eastern Crimea, Ukraine | Kerch | Παντικάπαιον |
| Paphos | Cyprus | ||
| Parium | Mysia, Hellespont | Kemer (Town) | Parion, Adrasteia, Adrastea |
| Paros | Greek island in Aegean Sea | Paros | Plateia, Pactia, Demetrias, Strongyli, Hyria, Hyleessa, Minoa, Cabarnis |
| Parthenope | Port of Neapolis, Campania | Naples | |
| Patrae | Achaea, Greece | Patrai | Pátra (Πάτρα) Patrae |
| Pavlopetri | Laconia, Greece | submerged | |
| Pegai | Megaris, Greece | abandoned | |
| Peiraieús | Attica, Greece | Piraeus | Peiraiás, Peiraieús (Πειραιεύς) |
| Pella | Central Macedonia, Greece | abandoned | |
| Percote | Asian Hellespont, Northeast of Troy | abandoned | Percope |
| Perga | 15 km east of Antalya, Turkey | abandoned | |
| Pergamum | Mysia, Turkey | Bergama | Pergamon (Πέργαμος) |
| Petsofas | Crete, Greece | Minoan city | |
| Phaistos | Crete, Greece | ||
| Phálēron | Attica, Greece | Palaio Faliro | Phaleron, Phalerum |
| Phanagoria | Cimmerian Bosporus, Ukraine | abandoned | Matrega |
| Pharae | |||
| Pharae (Messenia) | |||
| Pharnacia | northern Turkey | Giresun | |
| Pharos | Croatian island | Hvar | Hvor, For, Pharina, Lesina |
| Phaselis | Lycia, Turkey | abandoned | |
| Phasis | Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti, Georgia | Poti | |
| Philippi | Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, near Kavala, Greece | Filippoi | |
| Pithekussa | island in Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy | Ischia | |
| Philippopolis | southern Bulgaria | Plovdiv | Pulpudeva (reconstructed Thracian, uncertain), Eumolpias, Philippoupoli, Philippoupolis (Φιλιππούπολη, Φιλιππούπολις), Trimontium, Paldin (Пълдин). Plavdiv (Плъвдив), Filibe |
| Platanos | Crete, Greece | Minoan city | |
| Phlius | Argolid, Greece | abandoned | |
| Pherae | Thessaly, Greece | abandoned | |
| Pherae (Aetolia) | |||
| Phocaea | western Turkey | Foça | Phokaia (Φώκαια) |
| Phoenice | Chaonia, southern Albania | Finiq | |
| Pinara | Lycia, Turkey | abandoned | Pilleñni (τὰ Πίναρα) |
| Pisa | Elis, Greece | ||
| Pitane | Çandarlı, Turkey | abandoned | |
| Pitiunt | Abkhazia, Black Sea coast | Pitsunda | Bichvinta, Pezonda |
| Pixous | Campania, Italy | Policastro Bussentino | Pixunte |
| Plataea | Boeotia, Greece | destroyed | Plataeae |
| Poseidonia | Campania, Italy | Paestum | Paestum |
| Potidaea | Chalcidice, Greece | Nea Poteidaia | Potidaia (Ποτίδαια), Potidea |
| Priapus | Canakkale, western Turkey | Karabiga | |
| Priene | Ionia, western Turkey | abandoned | |
| Prousa | north-western Turkey | Bursa | Prussa (Προύσα), Brusa |
| Pseira | Crete, Greece | Minoan city | |
| Psychro | Crete, Greece | Minoan city | |
| Pteleum | Thessaly, Greece | destroyed | |
| Pydna | Central Macedonia, Greece | Pydna | Púdna (Πύδνα) |
| Pylos | western Peloponnese, Greece | Pílos (Πύλος), Navarino, Avarino (Αβαρίνος), Zonklon, Anavarin, Neokastron, Avarmus, Abarinus, Albarinos, Albaxinus, Avarinos, Coryphasium, Iverin, Nelea, Port de Jonc, Porto Giunco, Zunchio. | |
| Pyrgos | Black Sea coast of Bulgaria | Burgas | |
| Pyrgos | Northern Crete, Greece | Minoan city |
| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Rhamnus | northern Attica, Greece | abandoned | Rhamnous |
| Rhegion (Ρήγιoν) | "toe of Italy", Calabria, southern Italy | Reggio Calabria | Erythrà (Ερυθρά), Rhegium Julium |
| Rhithymna | Northern Crete, Greece | Rethymon | |
| Rhode | Catalonia, Spain | Roses, Girona | |
| Rhodes | Rhodes, Greece | Ródos (Ρόδος), | |
| Rhypes, (Ῥύπες) | Achaia, Greece | destroyed | |
| Rizinia | Crete | abandoned | Prinias, Rize, Rhizenia |
| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as | |
| Salamis | Cyprus | abandoned | ||
| Same (Σάμη) | island in the Ionian Sea, Greece | |||
| Samos | in the island with the same name, Greece | |||
| Scyllaeum | Calabria, Italy | Scilla | ||
| Scolacium (Σκυλλήτιον) | near Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy | Squillace | ||
| Selinus | south-west coast of Sicily, Italy | abandoned-Marinella di Selinunte | Selinunte | |
| Seleucia Pieria (Σελεύκεια Πιερία) | south-eastern Turkey | Çevlik[1] | Seleukia Pieria, Seleukia | |
| Semasus | Paphlagonia, northern Turkey | Amasra | Cromna, Amastris | |
| Sestos | Eceabat, Turkey, North of Abydos | Sestus | ||
| Scidrus (Σκίδρος) | Lucania, Italy | location uncertain | ||
| Sicyon (Σικυών) | northern Peloponnese, Greece | abandoned | ||
| Side | Pamphylia, Turkey | abandoned | Eski Adalia, Old Antalya | |
| Sidon | Lebanon | Sidon | Σιδών, Sidon, Saïda | |
| Siteia | Crete, Greece | |||
| Sinope (Σινώπη) | Paphlagonia, northern Turkey | Sinop | ||
| Siris | Central Macedonia, Greece | Serres | Serrai (Katharevousa), Serras (local dialect, archaic form), Sirra (Roman era and Theopompus), Serez or Siroz (in Turkish), Ser (in Serbian and Bulgarian), Syar (in Bulgarian) | |
| Sklavokampos | Crete, Greece | |||
| Smyrna | near İzmir, western Turkey | abandoned | Old Smyrna | |
| Soli | Cyprus | abandoned | Soloi | |
| Sozopolis | Pisidia, Turkey | abandoned | Apollonia | |
| Sparta | southern part of the Peloponnese, Greece | Sparti | Lakedaimon (Λακεδαίμων), Lakedaimonia (Λακεδαιμωνία), Σπάρτα, Σπάρτη, Spartē. | |
| Stagirus | Chalcidice, Greece | abandoned | Stageira (Στάγειρα), Stagira (Στάγιρα), Stagiros (Στάγιρος), Stageiros (Στάγειρος) | |
| Stratos | Western Greece | Stratos | ||
| Stymphalos | Corinthia, Greece | Stymfalia | ||
| Sybaris | near Sibari, Gulf of Taranto, Italy | destroyed | ||
| Syrakousai | east-coast of Sicily, Italy | Syracuse | Siracusai, Aretusa. |
| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Taras (Τάρᾱς) | southern Italy | Taranto | Tarentum, Tarantas (Τάραντας) |
| Tanagra | Boeotia, Greece | Poimandria | |
| Tanais | north-eastern Sea of Azov, Russia | Tánaïs (Τάναϊς) | |
| Tauromenion (Ταυρομένιον) | east coast of Sicily | Taormina | Taurmina, Tauromenium |
| Tegea | Arcadia, Greece | Alea | |
| Temnos | Aeolis, Turkey | abandoned | |
| Tenedos | Turkish island in northern Aegean Sea | Bozcaada | Bozca ada, Tenedhos (Τένεδος) |
| Tenea | Corinthia, Peloponnese | Municipal unit of Tenea | |
| Teos (Τέως) | Ionia, western Turkey | abandoned | Teo |
| Termessos (Τερμησσός) | Ionia, western Turkey | abandoned | Termissós |
| Thapsos | Sicily, Italy | abandoned | |
| Thassos (Θάσος) | Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece | Thassos | Limenas, Λιμένας |
| Thebes | Boeotia, Greece | Thēbai (Θῆβαι), Thiva (Θήβα) | |
| Theodosia (Θεοδοσία) | Crimea, Ukraine | Feodosiya (Феодосія, Феодосия) | Kefe, Feodosia |
| Therma | Mygdonia, Central Macedonia, Greece | Thessaloniki | Therme (Θέρμα, Θέρμη) |
| Thespiae | Boeotia, Greece | abandoned | Thespiai (Θεσπιαι) |
| Thronium | Illyria/Epirus, near Vlorë, Albania | abandoned | Thronium |
| Thoricus | southern Attica, Greece | abandoned | Thorico |
| Thurii (Θούριοι) | Magna Graecia, southern Italy | abandoned | Thurium (Θούριον), Copia, Copiae, Turios, Thurio Magna Graecia |
| Thyreum | |||
| Thyria | South of İzmir, Turkey | Tire | |
| Tiruns | Argolis, Peloponnese | abandoned | |
| Tithoraea | Boeotia, Greece | Kato Tithorea | |
| Tomis | Black Sea coast of Romania | Constanţa | Konstantia, Köstence |
| Toróne | Chalcidice, Greece | Toroni | |
| Tragurion | Dalmatian coast, Croatia | Trogir | Traù, Tragurium, Trau |
| Trapeze | Crete, Greece | ||
| Trapezus, Arcadia | Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey | Trabzon | Trapezounta (Τραπεζούντα) |
| Tripolis (Τρίπολις) | Lebanon | Tripoli | |
| Tripolis (Τρίπολις) | Libya | Tripoli | |
| Tripolis (Τρίπολις) | Pontus, north-eastern Turkey | Tirebolu | Ischopolis |
| Tripolis (Τρίπολις) | Thessaly, Greece | Tripolis Larisaia | |
| Tripolis (Τρίπολις) | Phrygia | abandoned | Neapolis, Apollonia, Antoninopolis |
| Troizen (Τροιζήν) | northeastern Peloponnese, Greece | abandoned | Troizina, Trizina |
| Troliton | Sicily, Italy | abandoned | |
| Troy | Dardanelles, north-eastern Turkey | Truva | Troia (Τροία), Ilion (Ἴλιον), Īlium, Wilusa, Truwisa, Hisarlık |
| Tylissos | Crete, Greece | ||
| Tyras | Ukrainian Black Sea coast | Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi[2] | Cetatea Albă |
| Tyros | Lebanon | Tyre | Τύρος, Tyre, Sur |
| Tyritake (Τυριτάκη) | Crimea, Cimmerian Bosporus | abandoned |
| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Vasiliki | Minoan city in Crete, Greece | ||
| Vathypetros | Minoan city in Crete, Greece |
| Ancient name | Location | Modern name | Also known as |
| Zakynthos | Zante | ||
| Zakros | Crete, Greece | Minoan city | Zakro |
| Zankle | Strait of Messina, Sicily, Italy | Messina | Messene, Messana |
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