List of United States House of Representatives elections (1856–present)

This provides a summary of the results of elections to the United States House of Representatives from the elections held in 1856 to the present. This time period corresponds to the Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Party Systems of the United States. For the purposes of counting partisan divisions in the U.S. House of Representatives, "Independent Democrats", "Independent Republicans", and other members loosely affiliated with the two main parties have been included in the "Democrat" and "Republican" member tallies in the table below, though the details of such are included in the accompanying 'Notes'. Parties with a majority, or which controlled the U.S. House of Representatives after the election, are shown in bold.

Summary of the 1856–present United States House of Representatives elections^[1]

Election year	Democrats		Republicans		Other parties			Total apportionment
	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Populist	Independents	Others
1856	133[lower-alpha 1]	+50	90	–10[lower-alpha 2]	–	–	14[lower-alpha 3]	237
1858	98[lower-alpha 4]	–35	116	+26	–	–	24[lower-alpha 5]	238
1860	45[lower-alpha 1]	–53[lower-alpha 6]	108	–8	–	–	30[lower-alpha 7]	183[lower-alpha 6]
1862	72	+27	87[lower-alpha 8]	–21	–	–	25[lower-alpha 7]	184
1864	38	–34	137[lower-alpha 9]	+50	–	–	18[lower-alpha 7]	193
1866	47	+9	175[lower-alpha 10]	+38	–	–	4[lower-alpha 11]	226
1868	67	+20	171	–4	–	–	5[lower-alpha 12]	243
1870	104	+37	139[lower-alpha 13]	–32	–	–	–	243
1872	89[lower-alpha 1]	–15	203[lower-alpha 14]	+44	–	–	–	292
1874	183[lower-alpha 1]	+94	106[lower-alpha 15]	–97	–	4	–	293
1876	157[lower-alpha 16]	–26	136	+30	–	–	–	293
1878	148[lower-alpha 17]	–9	132	–4	–	–	13[lower-alpha 18]	293
1880	131[lower-alpha 19]	–17	151	+19	–	1	10[lower-alpha 20]	293
1882	199[lower-alpha 21]	+68	118[lower-alpha 9]	–33	–	2	6[lower-alpha 22]	325
1884	183[lower-alpha 1]	–16	141	+23	–	–	1[lower-alpha 23]	325
1886	167	–16	154[lower-alpha 8]	+13	–	1	3[lower-alpha 24]	325
1888	152	–15	179	+25	–	–	1[lower-alpha 25]	332
1890	238	+86	86	–93	8	–	–	332
1892	220[lower-alpha 16]	–18	124	+38	11	–	1[lower-alpha 26]	356
1894	93	–127	254	+130	9	–	1[lower-alpha 26]	357
1896	124	+31	210[lower-alpha 27]	–44	22	–	1[lower-alpha 26]	357
1898	161	+37	189[lower-alpha 28]	–21	6[lower-alpha 29]	–	1[lower-alpha 26]	357
1900	151	–10	201[lower-alpha 30]	+12	5	–	–	357
1902	176	+25	210[lower-alpha 15]	+9	–	–	–	386
1904	135	–41	251	+41	–	–	–	386
1906	167	+32	224[lower-alpha 9]	–27	–	–	–	391
1908	172	+5	219	–5	–	–	–	391
1910	230	+58	163[lower-alpha 31]	–56	–	–	1[lower-alpha 32]	394
1912	291	+61	134	–29	–	1	9[lower-alpha 33]	435
1914	230	–61	196	+62	–	1	8[lower-alpha 34]	435
1916	214[lower-alpha 35]	–16	216[lower-alpha 9]	+20	–	–	5[lower-alpha 36]	435
1918	192	–22	240	+24	–	1	2[lower-alpha 37]	435
1920	131	–61	303[lower-alpha 9]	+63	–	–	1[lower-alpha 32]	435
1922	207	+76	225	–78	–	–	3[lower-alpha 38]	435
1924	183	–24	247	+22	–	–	5[lower-alpha 39]	435
1926	194	+11	238	–9	–	–	3[lower-alpha 38]	435
1928	164	–30	270	+32	–	–	1[lower-alpha 40]	435
1930	216[lower-alpha 41]	+52	218	–52	–	–	1[lower-alpha 40]	435
1932	313	+97	117	–101	–	–	5[lower-alpha 42]	435
1934	322	+9	103	–14	–	–	10[lower-alpha 43]	435
1936	334	+12	88	–15	–	–	13[lower-alpha 44]	435
1938	262	–72	169	+81	–	–	4[lower-alpha 45]	435
1940	268[lower-alpha 1]	+6	162	–7	–	–	5[lower-alpha 46]	435
1942	222	–46	209	+47	–	–	4[lower-alpha 45]	435
1944	244	+22	189	–20	–	–	2[lower-alpha 47]	435
1946	188	–56	246	+57	–	–	1[lower-alpha 48]	435
1948	263	+75	171	–75	–	–	1[lower-alpha 48]	435
1950	235	–28	199	+28	–	1	–	435
1952	213	–22	221	+22	–	1	–	435
1954	232	+19	203	–18	–	–	–	435
1956	232	0	203	0	–	–	–	435
1958	283[lower-alpha 1]	+51	153	–50	–	–	–	436[lower-alpha 49]
1960	264	–19	173	+20	–	–	–	437[lower-alpha 50]
1962	259[2]	–5	176[2]	+3	–	–	–	435
1964	295	+36	140	–36	–	–	–	435
1966	248	–47	187	+47	–	–	–	435
1968	243	–5	192	+5	–	–	–	435
1970	255	+12	180	–12	–	–	–	435
1972	243	–12	192	+12	–	–	–	435
1974	291	+48	144	–48	–	–	–	435
1976	292	+1	143	–1	–	–	–	435
1978	277[3]	–15	158[3]	+15	–	–	–	435
1980	243	–34	192	+34	–	–	–	435
1982	269	+26	166	–26	–	–	–	435
1984	253[4]	–16	182[4]	+16	–	–	–	435
1986	258	+5	177	–5	–	–	–	435
1988	260[5]	+2	175[5]	–2	–	–	–	435
1990	267	+7	167	–8	–	1	–	435
1992	258	–9	176	+9	–	1	–	435
1994	204[6]	–54	230[6]	+54	–	1	–	435
1996	206[7]	+2	228[7]	–2	–	1	–	435
1998	211	+5	223	–5	–	1	–	435
2000	212[8]	+1	221[8]	–2	–	2	–	435
2002	205	–7	229	+8	–	1	–	435
2004	202[9]	–3	232[9]	+3	–	1	–	435
2006	233	+31	202	–30	–	–	–	435
2008	257	+24	178	–24	–	–	–	435
2010	193	–63	242	+63	–	–	–	435
2012	201	+8	234	–8	–	–	–	435
2014	188	–13	247	+13	–	–	–	435
2016	194	+6	241	–6	–	–	–	435
2018	235	+41	199	–42	–	–	1[lower-alpha 51]	435
2020	222	–13	213[lower-alpha 52]	+14	–	–	–	435
2022	213	–9	222	+9	–	–	–	435

  Republican Party won a majority.     Democratic Party won a majority.

See also

• List of United States House of Representatives elections (1789–1822)
• List of United States House of Representatives elections (1824–1854)
• Third Party System
• Fourth Party System
• Fifth Party System
• Sixth Party System

Notes

1. Includes one Independent Democrat.
2. Compared to the number of seats for "Opposition Party" in the 34th United States Congress.
3. Fourteen members of the American Party (Know Nothing).
4. Includes eight Anti-Lecompton Democrats and seven Independent Democrats.
5. Includes nineteen "Opposition" members, and five members of the American Party (Know Nothing).
6. Much of this loss is due to the secession of the Confederate States of America.
7. Includes various factions of Constitutional Unionists.
8. Includes two Independent Republicans.
9. Includes one Independent Republican.
10. Includes one Independent Republican and one conservative Republican.
11. Includes two Conservative members, and also two vacant U.S. House districts.
12. Includes five Conservative members.
13. Includes two Liberal Republicans and one Independent Republican.
14. Includes four Liberal Republicans.
15. Includes three Independent Republicans.
16. Includes two Independent Democrats.
17. Includes seven Independent Democrats.
18. Includes thirteen members of the National Independent (Greenback) Party.
19. Includes two Readjuster Democrats and one Independent Democrat.
20. Includes ten members of the National Independent (Greenback) Party.
21. Includes three Independent Democrats.
22. Includes four members of the Readjuster Party, two members of the National Independent (Greenback) Party.
23. One National Independent (Greenback) Party member.
24. Includes two members of the Labor Party, one member of the National Independent (Greenback) Party.
25. One Labor Party member.
26. Includes one Silver Party member.
27. Includes three Silver Republican Party members (a GOP splinter group), and one Independent Republican.
28. Includes two Silver Republican Party members (a GOP splinter group).
29. Includes one Independent Populist.
30. Includes one Silver Republican Party member.
31. Includes one Progressive Republican member.
32. Includes one Socialist member.
33. Includes nine Progressive Party members.
34. Includes six Progressive Party members, one Socialist member, and one Prohibition Party member.
35. Democrats maintained control of the U.S. House after the 1916 elections by forming a 218-member coalition with the three Progressive members and the one Socialist member.
36. Includes three Progressive Party members, one Socialist member, and one Prohibition Party member.
37. Includes one Union-Labor member, and one Prohibition Party member.
38. Includes two Farmer–Labor Party members and one Socialist Party member.
39. Includes three Farmer–Labor Party members, one American-Labor member, and one Socialist Party member.
40. Includes one Farmer–Labor Party member.
41. Before the 72nd United States Congress convened for its first day, 14 representatives-elect died, and the results of the intervening special elections caused party control of the House to change, and Democrats organized with the majority of an initial majority 218 House seats.
42. Includes five Farmer–Labor Party members.
43. Includes three Farmer–Labor Party members, and seven Wisconsin Progressive Party members.
44. Includes five Farmer–Labor Party members, and seven Wisconsin Progressive Party and on California Progressive Party members.
45. Includes one Farmer–Labor Party member, one American Labor Party member, and two Wisconsin Progressive Party members.
46. Includes one Farmer–Labor Party member, one American Labor Party member, and three Wisconsin Progressive Party members.
47. Includes one American Labor Party member and one Wisconsin Progressive Party member.
48. Includes one American Labor Party member.
49. Alaska was admitted as a state and entered Congress at the beginning of the 86th Congress.
50. Hawaii was admitted as a state and entered Congress on August 21, 1959 during the preceding 86th Congress.
51. Results from North Carolina's 9th congressional district were voided, leading to a September 2019 special election.
52. Includes the results of the election for NY-22 which were not certified until February 5, 2021 after a judicial review of the election results.

References

1. "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
2. "Congress Profiles 88th Congress (1963–1965)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
3. "Congress Profiles 96th Congress (1979–1981)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
4. "Congress Profiles 99th Congress (1985–1987)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
5. "Congress Profiles 101st Congress (1989–1991)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
6. "Congress Profiles 104th Congress (1995–1997)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
7. "Congress Profiles 105th Congress (1997–1999)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
8. "Congress Profiles 107th Congress (2001–2003)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
9. "Congress Profiles 109th Congress (2005–2007)". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 18, 2015.

Bibliography

• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
• Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved August 17, 2015.

External links

• History, Art & Archives United States House of Representatives