List of U.S. state and territory nicknames

The following is a table of U.S. state, federal district and territory nicknames, including officially adopted nicknames and other traditional nicknames for the 50 U.S. states, the U.S. federal district, as well as five U.S. territories.

Map of the United States showing the state nicknames as hogs. Lithograph by Mackwitz, St. Louis, 1884.

State, federal district, and territory nicknames

Official state, federal district, and territory nicknames are highlighted in bold. A state nickname is not to be confused with an official state motto.

State, federal district, or territory	Nickname(s)
Alabama[1][a]	Alabama the Beautiful[2] Cotton Plantation State[3] Cotton State[4] Heart of Dixie (used on license plates)[4][5][6] Lizzard State[3] Sweet Home Alabama[2] Yellowhammer State[4]
Alaska	Land of the Midnight Sun[7] Land of the Noonday Moon[7] The Last Frontier (used on license plates)[7][8] Seward's Folly (named after U.S. Secretary of State William H. Seward)[7] Seward's Ice Box, Icebergia, Polaria, Walrussia, and Johnson's Polar Bear Garden were satirical names coined by members of the U.S. Congress during debate over the Alaska Purchase[7]
American Samoa	Motu o Fiafiaga (a Samoan phrase; in English, it is "Islands of Paradise")[9] (used on American Samoa license plates)[10] Football Island[s][11]
Arizona	Apache State[12] Aztec State[12] Baby State (because Arizona is the newest contiguous state in the Union)[12] Copper State[12] Grand Canyon State (used on license plates)[12][13] Italy of America[12] Sand Hill State[12] Sunset State[12] Sweetheart State (see below)[12] Valentine State (Arizona gained statehood on February 14, 1912)[12]
Arkansas	Bear State[14] Bowie State[14] Hot Springs State[14] Land of Opportunity (former official nickname; previously used on license plates)[14] The Natural State (used on license plates)[14][15] Razorback State[14] Toothpick State[14] Wonder State[14]
California	El Dorado State[16] The Golden State[17][18] (previously used on license plates)
Colorado	Buffalo Plains State[19] (no longer used) Centennial State[20] (previously used on license plates. Colorado was admitted to the Union one hundred years after the signing of the Declaration of Independence.) Colorful Colorado[20] Used on welcome signs since 1950 (previously used on license plates) Columbine State[21] Highest State[19] Lead State[19] (no longer used) Mother of Rivers[22] Rocky Mountain Empire[23] (no longer used) Rocky Mountain State[24] (no longer used) Silver State[19] (no longer used; see Nevada) Ski Country USA[25] Switzerland of America[26][27]
Connecticut	Constitution State (official, used on license plates)[28] Nutmeg State[16] Provision State[29] Blue Law State[16] Freestone State[16] Land of Steady Habits[16]
Delaware	Chemical Capital of the World[30] (due to one time being the corporate headquarters for several international chemical companies.) Corporate Capital (due to the state's business-friendly incorporation laws)[30] Diamond State (Thomas Jefferson is supposed to have referred to Delaware as being like a diamond – small in size but great in value)[31] Blue Hen State or Blue Hen Chicken State[32] The First State[30][33] (Delaware was the first state to ratify the Constitution; used on license plates) Peach State[30] (no longer used; see Georgia) Small Wonder[30]
District of Columbia[a]	Nation's Capital[34] DMV (nickname for the broader metropolitan area of the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia)[34] Inside the Beltway[35] Chocolate City[36]
Florida	Alligator State[37] Everglade State[37] Flower State[37] Gulf State[37] Gunshine State [38] Orange State[37] Citrus State Palm Tree State Peninsula State or Peninsular State[32] Plywood State[39] Sunshine State (used on license plates)
Georgia	Peach State[40] (used on license plates) Cracker State — Along with Florida, Georgia had been called "The Cracker State" in earlier times, perhaps a derogatory term that referred to immigrants, called "crackers", from the mountains of Virginia and North Carolina.[41] See also Atlanta Crackers: Origin of the name Empire State of the South — Georgia is the largest Southern state in land area east of the Mississippi and was the leading industrial state of the Old South.[42] Goober State — Refers to peanuts, the official state crop.[43] State of Adventure
Guam	Tano y Chamorro (Land of the Chamorro)[44] (used on Guam license plates)[45][46] Hub of the Pacific[44] Gateway to Micronesia[44]
Hawaii	Aloha State (officially the "popular" name,[47] used on license plates)[48] Paradise of the Pacific[48] Pineapple State[48] Rainbow State[49] Youngest State[48] 808 State (colloquial, refers to the state's area code.)[50][51]
Idaho	Gem State[52] Gem of the Mountains[53] Little Ida[53] Spud State[54]
Illinois[55]	Land of Lincoln[56] (used on license plates) Prairie State[56] Corn State[56] Garden of the West[56]
Indiana	Hoosier State (Used at various times on license plates)[57] (Hoosier is also the official demonym of a resident of Indiana) Crossroads of America (Also used at various times on license plates and used on highway welcome signs)
Iowa	Hawkeye State
Kansas	America's Heartland (previously used on Licence Plates) Central State[16] Dorothy's Home Free State Midway USA (previously used on Kansas Licence Plates) Sunflower State[16] Wheat State (previously used on license plates)
Kentucky	Bluegrass State (used on license plates)[58] Corn-cracker State (reported in 1881)[32] (corn-cracker – the nickname of a Kentucky man; pejorative) The Dark and Bloody Ground State (an allusion to battles between the Creek, Shawnee, Chickasaw, and Cherokee tribes)[58] Hemp State[58] Tobacco State[58]
Louisiana	Bayou State (previously used on license plates) Creole State[16] Pelican State[16] Sportsman's Paradise (used on license plates)
Maine	Pine Tree State[59] (co-official with Vacationland) Vacationland (used on license plates) Lumber State[16]
Maryland	America in Miniature[60] Chesapeake State[61] Cockade State[61] Free State[62] Monumental State[61] Old Line State[61] Oyster State[61] Queen State[61] Terrapin State[63]
Massachusetts	Baked Bean State[64] Codfish State (formerly represented on license plates by a codfish) The Bay State[64] Old Colony State[65] Pilgrim State[64] The Spirit of America (used on license plates) Taxachusetts (colloquial)[66][67][68][69][70]
Michigan	The Great Lakes State (previously used on license plates) Water Wonderland and Water-Winter Wonderland (previously used on license plates) The Wolverine State[71] The Mitten State [72]
Minnesota	Gopher State[16] Land of 10,000 Lakes ("10,000 Lakes" used on license plates) New England of the West[16] North Star State[73] State of Hockey[74] "Minne(snow)ta" Bread and Butter State[16] The Loon State
Mississippi	Hospitality State (previously used on license plates) Magnolia State The Birthplace of America's Music (being used on license plates) The Bayou State[16]
Missouri	Bullion State[16] Show-Me State (used on license plates) Gateway to the West Lead State Ozark State Mother of the West Iron Mountain State Pennsylvania of the West Cave State[75]
Montana	Big Sky Country (previously used on license plates) The Last Best Place[76] Treasure State (used on license plates) Land of the Shining Mountains
Nebraska	Antelope State[77][78] Beef State (previously used on license plates)[78] Cornhusker State (previously used on license plates)[79][77] Bug-eating State[78][77] Blackwater State[16][77][78] The Good Life (as seen on state border signs)[citation needed] Tree Planters State (formerly the official state nickname)[77][78]
Nevada	Battle Born State (refers to the fact that Nevada joined the Union during the Civil War) Sagebrush State Silver State (used on license plates) Casino State
New Hampshire	Granite State[80] The Live Free or Die State (official motto; "Live Free or Die" used on license plates) Mother of Rivers[80] White Mountain State[80] Switzerland of America[80]
New Jersey	Garbage State (pejorative)[81][82] Garden State (used on license plates) The Crossroads of the Revolution (previously used on license plates) The Cornerstone State (used colloquially, especially with reference to Pennsylvania when it is called the Keystone State). The Suburban State
New Mexico	Land of Enchantment[83] (used on license plates) Land of Sunshine (predates "Land of Enchantment"; this earlier nickname highlighted the large percentage of sunshine received statewide)[84]
New York	Empire State (formerly used on license plates)[16] Excelsior State[16] (currently used on license plates)[16] Apple State Dairy State
North Carolina	First in Flight[85] First in Freedom[85] Old North State[86] Tar Heel State[86] Turpentine State[87] Variety Vacationland[88]
North Dakota	Flickertail State Peace Garden State (used on license plates) Rough Rider State Sioux State Heaven on Earth
Northern Mariana Islands[a]	Håfa Adai (a Chamorro phrase; in English, it is "Hello")[89] (used on Northern Mariana Islands license plates)[90][b] America's Best Kept Secret[91]
Ohio	Buckeye State[32] Birthplace of Aviation[92] (used on license plates) The Heart of It All[93] (formerly used on license plates)
Oklahoma	Native America (used on license plates) Land of the Red Man Sooner State[94]
Oregon	Beaver State[95] Pacific Wonderland (previously used on license plates and available on an extra cost plate)[96] Webfoot State[16]
Pennsylvania	Keystone State (previously used on license plates)[32] Quaker State[97] Coal State[citation needed] Railroad State[citation needed] Elk State[citation needed]
Puerto Rico	Isla del Encanto ("Island of Enchantment") (used on license plates) Borinquen (name given by indigenous people, the Tainos)[98]
Rhode Island	Little Rhody[32] Ocean State (used on license plates) Rogues Island[99] The Licentious Republic[99] Smallest State
South Carolina	Palmetto State[32] Iodine Products State (no longer used)[100] (previously used on license plates)
South Dakota	Artesian State[101] Blizzard State[101] Coyote State[101] Land of Infinite Variety The Mount Rushmore State[102] (officially adopted in 1980 in place of the former nickname of Coyote State)[101] Sunshine State[101] (no longer used; see Florida)
Tennessee	Big Bend State (refers to the Tennessee River)[103] Butternut State (refers to the tan color of the uniforms worn by Tennessee soldiers in the American Civil War)[103] Hog and Hominy State[103] The Mother of Southwestern Statesmen[103] Volunteer State[103] (used on license plates)
Texas	Lone Star State[32][104] (used on license plates)
U.S. Virgin Islands[a]	America's Caribbean (used on U.S. Virgin Islands license plates until 2015)[105] American Paradise[106]
Utah	Beehive State Crossroads of the West[107][108] – Location the Golden Spike was driven into the railroad, the joining point of the First transcontinental railroad. Mormon State[107] Friendly State (formerly used on license plates)[109]
Vermont	Green Mountain State[32] (used on license plates) The Maple State
Virginia	Mother of Presidents[16] Mother of States[16] Horse Country[16] The Old Dominion[32][110]
Washington[a]	Evergreen State[111] (used on license plates)
West Virginia	Mountain State (previously used on license plates) Panhandle State[16] The Switzerland of America[112] Almost Heaven
Wisconsin[113][a]	Badger State[16] America's Dairyland[114][115] (also on license plates since a 1939 state law)[113] The Mitten State[citation needed] The Copper State (historical)[116][117] Traitor State (historical World War I)[118] The Dairy State The Cheese State
Wyoming	Cowboy State Equality State Forever West (on highway welcome signs)

See also

• Lists portal

• List of U.S. state and territory mottos
• List of demonyms for U.S. states
• List of city nicknames in the United States
• List of provincial and territorial nicknames in Canada
• Lists of nicknames: nickname list articles on Wikipedia

Notes

1. No official nickname.
2. Though this phrase is used on license plates, it is unclear if it is the official nickname of the Northern Mariana Islands.

References

1. "Emblems Index". State of Alabama. Retrieved January 26, 2008.
2. Sinclair Broadcast Group (July 18, 2014). "Welcome to Sweet Home Alabama: New signs going up on interstate highways". WBMA. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
3. Introduction to Alabama, 50 States, retrieved April 24, 2009.
4. "Alabama Emblems, Symbols and Honors". Alabama Department of Archives & History. April 20, 2006. Archived from the original on December 24, 2018. Retrieved March 18, 2007. Alabama does not have an official nickname.
5. "Heart of Dixie". Alabama Emblems, Symbols and Honors. Alabama Department of Archives & History. June 29, 2004. Archived from the original on December 24, 2018. Retrieved March 18, 2007.
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13. Ariz. HB 2549 Officially adopted by Arizona on February 14, 2011
14. Introduction to Arkansas, US States, retrieved April 24, 2009.
15. Arkansas § 1-4-106 - State nickname Retrieved February 28, 2011
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21. "Colorado State Flower". Colorado State Symbols & Emblems. State of Colorado, Department of Personnel & Administration, Colorado State Archives. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
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27. Dermondy, K.C. (May 6, 2014). "Colorado's 10 Most Picturesque Mountain Towns | OutThere Colorado". OutThere Colorado. Archived from the original on June 30, 2018. Retrieved June 2, 2018. This "Switzerland of America" as it's often called, sits deep in the heart of the dramatic San Juan Mountains. It's lined with grand Victorian buildings and is home to natural hot springs where you can soak up all of that scenery while relaxing in the soothing warm waters.
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31. "Jewel among the states (Quotation)". Monticello.ORG. Archived from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
32. Barry Popik, Smoky City, barrypopik.com website, March 27, 2005
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34. Farhi, Paul. (July 30, 2010). After initial obscurity, 'The DMV' nickname for Washington area picks up speed. Washington Post. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
35. "Inside the Beltway". politicaldictionary.com. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
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37. Introduction to Florida, 50 States, retrieved April 24, 2009.
38. "Florida nicknamed 'gunshine state' for having highest number of concealed carry permits". Fox13 Tampa Bay. April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
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40. "Quick Facts: State Symbols". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. University of Georgia Press. Archived from the original on May 14, 2013. Retrieved March 3, 2008.
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43. "Land & Resources: Peanuts". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. University of Georgia Press. Archived from the original on August 5, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2008.
44. https://www.visittheusa.com/state/guam Guam (Visittheusa.com). Retrieved November 24, 2017.
45. "License Plates of Guam". www.worldlicenseplates.com. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
46. "Driven by island heritage, Guam native serves country, community, family". Andersen Air Force Base. May 8, 2016. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
47. "Hawaii Revised Statutes § 5-7". Archived from the original on October 19, 2015. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
48. Introduction to Hawaii, 50 States.
49. "HAWAII: A RAINBOW OF CULTURAL RICHES: A world of traditions blending for centuries offers cultural activities of colorful diversity". Guidebookamerica.com. Archived from the original on May 27, 2013. Retrieved May 24, 2013.
50. 808 State Frequently Asked Questions: Where did 808 State get their name from? Archived August 18, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, 808 State Official Website.
51. 808 State Update, Talk Radio Hawaii
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53. Introduction to Idaho, 50 States.
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55. "Illinois". Illinois State Symbols & Emblems. Retrieved April 29, 2007.
56. Introduction to Illinois, 50 States, retrieved April 24, 2009.
57. The unofficial sobriquet of the State of Indiana has given rise to the humorous constructions Hoosierana (the land of Hoosiers; see uses in Indiana Journalism Hall of Fame Archived September 12, 2005, at the Wayback Machine and by sports journalist Frank DeFord) and Hoosierstan (the place of Hoosiers).
58. Introduction to Kentucky, 50 States.
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63. "Archives of Maryland Online". msa.maryland.gov. Archived from the original on July 19, 2010.
64. Introduction to Massachusetts, 50 States, retrieved April 24, 2009.
65. Massachusetts (state, United States), Britannica Online, retrieved April 24, 2009.
66. Andrew Ryan, Report: 'Taxachusetts' label remains part of Massachusetts' past, Boston Globe, April 6, 2007.
67. Daniel J. Flynn, 'Taxachusetts' no more?, Forbes, October 22, 2008.
68. 'Taxachusetts' Voters May Eliminate State Income Tax, Fox News, October 7, 2008.
69. Michael D. Shear, Giuliani Backers Attack 'Taxachusetts Romney', The Washington Post, December 12, 2007.
70. Slate's Chatterbox: The Myth of 'Taxachusetts', National Public Radio, October 15, 2004.
71. Holland, Meegan (March 15, 2010). "Death of Michigan's only Wolverine brings up question: Why are we still the Wolverine State?". MLive. Retrieved September 14, 2015.
72. Stateside Staff (December 17, 2015). "When did we start calling Michigan "the Mitten State?"". Michigan Public.
73. Wagner, Jeff (December 18, 2023). "Good Question: Why is Minnesota the North Star State?". CBS News. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
74. Jess Myer s, Hockey roots run deep in Minnesota, ESPN.com, February 10, 2004
75. "CAVE TOURS". Missouri State Parks. January 30, 2011. Retrieved February 18, 2024.
76. In Montana, a Popular Expression Is Taken Off the Endangered List New York Times, August 17, 2008; Retrieved February 28, 2011
77. Nancy Capace, Encyclopedia of Nebraska. Somerset Publishers, Inc., January 1, 1999, p2-3
78. "The State of Nebraska". NetState.com. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
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80. "New Hampshire Almanac >Fast New Hampshire Facts". State of New Hampshire official website. Retrieved October 12, 2012.
81. Florio, James J. (1980). "Statement of Hon. James J. Florio, First District of New Jersey, U.S. House of Representatives". Employee Protection and Community Stabilization Act of 1979, Hearing Before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-Sixth Congress, First Session on S. 1609, Camden, N.J., October 29, 1979. Washington: Government Printing Office. pp. 102–107. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
82. McGurty, Eileen (2006). "Chapter 2: Solid Waste Management in the 'Garbage State': New Jersey's Transformation from Landfilling to Incineration". In Maher, Neil M. (ed.). New Jersey's Environments: Past, Present, and Future. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. pp. 28–50. ISBN 9780813539225.
83. New Mexico Revised Statutes, Sec. 12-3-4-N, retrieved November 4, 2013
84. New Mexico Symbols, State Names, SHG Resources website, accessed July 7, 2008
85. "North Carolina - First in Flight". www.carolana.com. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
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87. "Why We are Called Tar Heels". UNC Libraries. Archived from the original on January 22, 2008. Retrieved January 26, 2008.
88. Variety Vacationland Postcard Exhibit Archived September 22, 2013, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved February 28, 2011.
89. "Guam Visitors Bureau | GVB - Official Website". www.guamvisitorsbureau.com. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
90. "License Plates of the Northern Mariana Islands". www.worldlicenseplates.com. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
91. "Northern Mariana Islands — Things to Do". www.iexplore.com. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
92. "It's official: Ohio IS the birthplace of aviation". The Cincinnati Enquirer. June 14, 2003. Retrieved April 6, 2007.
93. Elkins, Keith A. (2011). Mr. E. 2003: Manifest Lessons from Ohio's Bicentennial Celebration. iUniverse. p. 293. ISBN 9781462048922.
94. "Nicknames: America's 50 States (Fourth of Four Parts)". Voice of America. VOA Special English program. January 26, 2008. Retrieved January 4, 2009.
95. Writer John Francon Williams included a mention of Oregon as being the ‘Beaver State’ in 1892 in his book:The Advanced Class-Book of Modern Geography: Physical, Political, Commercial, by William Hughes and John Francon Williams, publ., London, George Philip & Son (1892) page 629: ‘OREGON, the ‘Beaver State,’ extends north of California to the Columbia River, which divides it from Washington.’
96. "Oregon's license plate from 1960 to circa 1966". Plate Shack. Retrieved July 12, 2007.
97. Shrunk, James F. (1870). Pennsylvania - the Quaker State: Plan of Certain Puritans of New England to Prevent Its Settlement by William Penn. Athens Gleaner.
98. Elsa María Calderón. "98.03.04: The Taínos of Puerto Rico: Rediscovering Borinquen". Yale.edu. Archived from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
99. "Archives". Los Angeles Times. May 15, 1986.
100. "Iodine". South Carolina Encyclopedia. April 14, 2007. Archived from the original on May 19, 2006. Retrieved April 6, 2007.
101. South Dakota Symbols, State Names Archived June 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, SHG Resources website, accessed July 7, 2008
102. "South Dakota Laws 1-6-16.5". Retrieved November 4, 2013.
103. Tennessee Symbols and Honors, in Tennessee Blue Book
104. "Texas:Facts, Map, and State Symbols". EnchantedLearning.com. Retrieved March 9, 2008.
105. "License Plates of the U.S. Virgin Islands". www.worldlicenseplates.com. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
106. "United States Geography for Kids: Virgin Islands". www.ducksters.com. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
107. "NetState: Utah". Retrieved March 24, 2008.
108. "National Historic Trails Auto Tour Interpretive Guide, Utah - Crossroads of the West" (PDF). National Park Service.
109. "State it on a plate — Over the years, slogans, designs have taken some poetic license". Deseret News. Archived from the original on August 22, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
110. "Old Dominion – Encyclopedia Virginia".
111. "Symbols of Washington State". Washington State Legislature. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
112. Johnston, Ross B. (1926). West Virginia "the Switzerland of America" : a brief guide for tourists to some of its many scenic and historic places. Charleston, W. Va.: West Virginia Dept. of Agriculture. OCLC 9814800.
113. "Wisconsin State Symbols Archived 2013-10-04 at the Wayback Machine" in Wisconsin Blue Book 2005-2006, p. 966. Wisconsin has no Official nickname.
114. Dornfeld, Margaret; Hantula, Richard (2010). Wisconsin: It's my state!. Marshall Cavendish. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-60870-062-2.
115. Urdang, Laurence (1988). Names and Nicknames of Places and Things. Penguin Group USA. p. 8. ISBN 9780452009073. "America's Dairyland" A nickname of Wisconsin
116. Kane, Joseph Nathan; Alexander, Gerard L. (1979). Nicknames and sobriquets of U.S. cities, States, and counties. Scarecrow Press. p. 412. ISBN 9780810812550. Wisconsin - America's Dairyland, The Badger State ... The Copper State ...
117. Herman, Jennifer L. (2008). Wisconsin Encyclopedia, American Guide. North American Book Dist LLC. p. 10. ISBN 9781878592613. Nicknames Wisconsin is generally known as The Badger State, The Dairy State, or America's Dairyland, although in the past it has been nicknamed The Copper State.
118. Bauer, Lisa (September 30, 2019). "Noncredit course offers fascinating look at little-known World War I history in Wisconsin". University of Wisconsin Madison Continuing Studies. Retrieved July 16, 2024.

External links

• Information about U.S. State Nicknames