Loading AI tools
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
On 4 May [O.S. 14 May] 1607, 105 to 108 English men and boys (surviving the voyage from England) established the Jamestown Settlement for the Virginia Company of London, on a slender peninsula on the bank of the James River. It became the first long-term English settlement in North America.[1][2]
The trips aboard the ships Susan Constant, Discovery, and the Godspeed, and the settlement itself, were sponsored by the London Company, whose "adventurers" (investors) hoped to make a profit from the resources of the New World. The settlers suffered terrible hardships in its early years, including sickness, starvation, and native attacks. By early 1610, most of the settlers had died due to starvation and disease.[3] With resupply and additional immigrants, it managed to endure, becoming America's first permanent English colony.[4]
Once the settlement location was chosen, the company members opened sealed instructions containing the list of the previously chosen councillors of the Virginia Governor's Council. The first council president was Edward Maria Wingfield. The other six council members were Bartholomew Gosnold, John Martin, John Ratcliffe, George Kendall, Christopher Newport (ex officio) and John Smith.[5]
On December 30, 1606, between 105 and 108 settlers with 39 mariners (non-settlers) sailed aboard three ships from Blackwall, London, England.[8]
Name | Occupation | Alt. names | Death date (YYYY-MM-DD)[note 1] | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Henry Adling | Gentleman | Adding, H. | ||
Jerome Alicock | Gentleman | Alikok Ancient, Jeremy | 1607–08–04 | Slain by natives[10] |
Gabriel Archer | Captain and Gentleman | Archer, Gabriell | 1609 or 1610 winter | Secretary to the Council (lawyer)[11] |
John Asbie | 1607–08–06 | First death of the colony (dysentery)[10] | ||
Robert Beheathland | Captain and Gentleman | Behethland, R. | 1627 | |
Benjamin Best | Gentleman | Beast, B. | 1607–09–05 | |
Edward Brinto | Mason and Soldier | Brinton, E. | ||
Edward Brookes | Gentleman | 1607–04–07 | Died in the West Indies (before arriving to Virginia) | |
John Brookes | Gentleman | |||
Edward Browne | Gentleman | Brown, E. | 1607–08–15 | |
James Brumfield | Boy | Brunfield, J. | ||
Andrew Buckler | Shipmaster[12] | Bucler, A. | 1625[citation needed] | |
William Bruster | Gentleman | Brewster, W. | 1607–08–10 | Died from native wound |
John Capper | Carpenter | Not listed [as alive] after June 1607[13] | ||
George Cassen | Labourer | Cawson, G. | 1607–12–26 | Killed by natives[13] |
Thomas Cassen | Labourer | |||
William Cassen | Labourer | |||
Ustis Clovill | Gentleman | Clovill, Eustice | 1607–06–07 | Killed by natives[13] |
Samuel Collier | Boy | Dutch Samuel | 1622 | John Smith's page |
Roger Cooke | Gentleman | |||
Thomas Couper | Barber | Cowper, T. | ||
Richard Crofts | Gentleman | |||
Richard Dixon | Gentleman | |||
John Dods | Labourer and Soldier | "1624 VA muster with wife Jane, 40 at muster, he was 36"[13] | ||
Ould Edward | Labourer | |||
Thomas Emry | Carpenter | 1607–12–26 | Killed by natives[13] | |
Robert Fenton | Gentleman | |||
George Floure | Gentleman | Flowre, G. | 1607–08–09 | |
Robert Ford | Gentleman | |||
Richard Frith | Gentleman | |||
Stephen Galithrope | Gentleman | Calthrop,[14] Halthrop | 1607–08–10 | Possible mutineer[13] |
William Garrett | Bricklayer | |||
George Golding | Labourer | Goulding, G. | ||
Thomas Gore | Gentleman | Gower, T. | 1607–08–16 | |
Anthony Gosnold | Gentleman | 1609–01–07 | Possibly two cousins with identical names. Drowned Jan 1609 in James River. Grandson of Robert Gosnold of Earl Soham, Suffolk.[13] | |
Bartholomew Gosnold | Councillor and Captain | 1607–08–22 | Captain of the Godspeed | |
Edward Harrington | Gentleman | 1607–08–24 | ||
John Herd | Bricklayer | not listed [as alive] after June 1607[13] | ||
Nicholas Houlgrave | Gentleman | |||
Robert Hunt | Preacher | before 1609 | ||
Thomas Jacob | Sergeant (soldier)[10] | Jacon, T. | 1607–09–04[10] | |
William Johnson | Labourer | |||
George Kendall | Councillor and Captain | 1607–12–01 | Execution by firing squad for "mutiny"[15] | |
Ellis Kingston | Gentleman | E. Kiniston or Kinnistone | 1607–09–18 | "Starved to death with cold"[16] |
John Laydon | Carpenter and Labourer | Leyden | arrived on the Susan Constant[17] | |
William Laxon | Carpenter | Laxton, W. | ||
William Love | Tailor and Soldier | Loue, W. | ||
John Martin | Councillor and Captain | Martine, J[18] | 1632-06-?? | Lower Brandon Plantation owner |
John Martin, Jr. | Gentleman | 1607–09–18 | Son of Councillor | |
George Martin | Gentleman | |||
James Midwinter | Gentleman | Francis Midwinter | 1607–08–14 | Died suddenly[10] |
Edward Morish | Corporal and Gentleman | Morris, E. | 1607–08–14 | Died suddenly[10] |
Thomas Mounslie[19] | Labourer | 1607–08–17 | Died suddenly[10] | |
Thomas Mouton | Gentleman | 1607–09–19 | ||
Richard Mutton | Boy | |||
Nathaniel Peacock | Boy | Pecock, N. | ||
John Penington[citation needed] | Gentleman | Robert Pennington | 1608-08-18[10] | |
Robert Penington[citation needed] | Gentleman | |||
George Percy | Gentleman, Shipmaster | Percie | 1632 | Eventual Governor of Virginia Colony. Son of Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland. |
Drue Pickhouse | Gentleman | Dru Piggas or Peggase | 1607–08–19 | |
Edward Pising | Carpenter | Posing, E. | ||
Nathaniel Powell | Captain[20] and Gentleman | Nathaniell | 1622–03–22 | |
John Ratcliffe | Councillor and Captain | Sicklemore, J. | 1609-11-?? | Captain of the Discovery, eventual Governor |
James Read | Blacksmith and Soldier | 1622–03–13 | ||
John Robinson | Gentleman | Jehu | 1607–12–26 | Killed by natives[20] |
William Rods | Labourer | Roods, W. | 1607–08–27 | not listed [as alive] after June 1607 |
Thomas Sands | Gentleman | Sandys, T. | Brother of Edwin Sandys (1561–1629) | |
George Saunders | Grandson of [[Laurence Saunders (1510-1555[21])]] | |||
Edward Short | Labourer | 1607-08-?? | ||
John Short | Gentleman | |||
Richard Simons | Gentleman | Simmons, R. | 1607–09–18 | |
Nicholas Scot | Drummer | Skot, N. | ||
Robert Small | Carpenter | |||
John Smith | Councillor and Captain | Smyth, J. | 1631-06-?? | |
William Smethes | Gentleman | |||
Francis Snarsbrough | Gentleman | |||
John Stevenson | Gentleman | |||
Thomas Studley | Gentleman, Cape Merchant (treasurer)[10] | Stoodie, T. | 1607–08–28 | |
William Tanker | Gentleman | Tankard, W. | ||
Henry Tavin | Labourer | Tanin, H. | ||
Kellam Throgmorton | Gentleman | Throgmortine, Kenelme | 1607–08–26 | |
Anas Todkill | Carpenter and Soldier | Servant to John Martin | ||
William Unger | Labourer | |||
George Walker | Gentleman | 1607-08-24[10] | ||
Thomas Walker[citation needed] | ||||
John Waller | Gentleman | Waler | 1607–08–24 | |
Thomas Webbe | Gentleman | |||
William White | Labourer | |||
William Wilkinson | Surgeon | |||
Edward Maria Wingfield | Councillor and Captain | Edward Marie Winfield | 1631 | Captain of Susan Constant |
Thomas Wotton | Surgeon | |||
Richard [citation needed] | Commoner |
Aboard the John and Francis (captained by Christopher Newport) and the Phœnix [sic] (captained by Francis Nelson),[25] The John and Francis arrives in January, while the Phenix is considered lost (but arrives months later).[26] 120 settlers left England in October 1607. Only 100 made it to Virginia to settle. When they arrived at Jamestown, there were only 38 to 40 men that had survived the summer and autumn.[27][28][20]
Quickly after the first supply, Captain Newport boarded 70 new colonists to the Mary and Margaret[note 2]. First women colonists are noted with female sign (♀️).
With 500 to 600 persons, a fleet of nine ships set sail in May 1609 led by Thomas Gates and George Somers. The ships were named Sea Venture, Diamond, Faulcon [sic],[45] Blessinge, Unitie [sic], Lion, Swallow, Virginia, and Catch (ketch[46]),.[47][48]
In July, a tropical storm struck the flotilla. The Catch vanished with all aboard, and the Sea Venture shipwrecked on Bermuda, inadvertently colonizing the island.[49] The seven remaining ships arrived at Jamestown only to bring diseased and hungry passengers to the stressed colony.[50][51]
Name | Occupation | Alt. names | Ships | Notes on travel |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gabriel Archer | Captain and gentleman | Archer, Gabriell | Blessinge | Secretary to the Council, previously sailed with original colonists |
Robert Adams[52] | Captain | Blessinge | ||
Henry Bagwell | Sea Venture → Deliverance | Traveled from Bermuda to Virginia on Deliverance, aged 35 | ||
Temperance Flowerdew | Wife of Richard Barrow | Flowerdew Barrow, T. | Faulcon[53] | Uncertain if husband Richard Barrow accompanied to Virginia |
Nicolas Bennit | carpenter | Sea Venture | ||
William Brian | Sea Venture | |||
Jeffrey Briars ✝️ | Sea Venture | Died in Bermuda, c. 1609-1610 | ||
Richard Buck | Reverend, Chaplain | Bucke or Bucket, R. | Sea Venture | Uncertain if traveled with wife or children |
Maria Thorowgood Buck | Marye Thorowgood | Sea Venture | Died 1620 | |
Buck daughter (I) | child, girl | Bucket | Sea Venture | Unknown name, daughter of Richard Buck |
Buck daughter (II) | child, girl | Bucket | Sea Venture | Unknown name, daughter of Richard Buck |
William Capps | Saltmaker | William Moss Cappes, Sr. | Sea Venture[note 3] | |
Christopher Carter | Sea Venture | Plotted to assassinate Sir Thomas Gates, considered a deserter and stayed behind on Bermuda.[55] Settled Smith's Island.[56] | ||
Josuah Chard | Chard, Joshua or Joseph[57] | Sea Venture | ||
Edward Chard | Chart, E. | Sea Venture | Sailed back to Bermuda with George Somers, remained on Smith's Island[56] | |
James Davis | Captain, mariner | Davies, J. | Virginia | From Popham Colony |
Robert Davis[58] | Shipmaster | Davies, R. | Virginia | Likely brother to James Davis |
Rachell Davis | Wife of James Davis | Virginia | ||
Edward Chart | Sea Venture | |||
Bermudas Eason ✝️ | baby boy[59] | Easton, Bermudas[60] | -- | Born on Bermuda islands, died c. 1610 either on the islands or arriving at Jamestown[60] |
Edward Eason | Easton, E.[60] | Sea Venture | Father to Bermudas (boy), husband to Mistress Eason | |
Mistress Eason | Easton[60] | Sea Venture | Mother to Bermudas (boy), wife to Edward Eason | |
Matthew Fitch ✝️ | Shipmaster | Finch, M. | Catch | Died c. July 1609 (likely lost at sea) |
Richard Frobisher | Shipwright | Frubbusher, Robert[61] | Sea Venture | Builder of the Deliverance on Bermuda[62] |
Thomas Gates | Governor and Lt. General[63] | Sea Venture | ||
Thomas Godby | Sea Venture → Deliverance | Traveled rom Bermuda to Virginia on Deliverance, aged 36 | ||
George Grave | Graye, G. | Sea Venture | ||
Ralph Hamor | Captain | Haman, Raphe | Sea Venture[64] | |
Mistress Horton | Sea Venture | |||
William Hitchman ✝️ | Sea Venture | Died on Bermuda, c. 1609-1610 | ||
Stephen Hopkins | merchant and tanner | Sea Venture | Protested leaving Bermuda, was almost executed for mutiny.[additional citation(s) needed] Died 1644. | |
Elizabeth Joons | Girl | Jones, E. | Sea Venture | Probably aged 9 or 10 |
Samuel Jordan | Captain, gentleman | Sea Venture[65][additional citation(s) needed] | ||
Silvester Jourdain | Writer, gentleman | Jordan, Sylvester | Sea Venture | Writer of A Discovery of the Barmudas [sic] |
William King | Captain | Diamond | Mariner (did not remain in Virginia) | |
Richard Knowles | Sea Venture | |||
Richard Lewis ✝️ | Sea Venture | Died in Bermuda, c. 1609-1610 | ||
John Lytefoote | Servant | Lightfoot, J. | Sea Venture → Patience | Servant living with William Peirce in 1624[66] |
John Martin | Councillor and Captain | Faulcon | Original Jamestown settler, traveled back and forth from England | |
William Martin | Sea Venture | |||
Matchumps | Powhatan servant to Namontack | Sea Venture | ||
John Moone | Captain | Swallow | Mariner (did not remain in Virginia) | |
Richard Moore | Carpenter[67] | Sea Venture[67] | Returned to Bermuda as a deputy governor in 1612[67] | |
Namontack ✝️ | Powhatan translator[68] | Namotacke[69] | Sea Venture | Died 1610, slain by Matchumps in Bermuda |
Francis Michell | Mitchell, F. | Sea Venture | ||
Francis Nelson | Shipmaster | Francys Nelson | Faulcon | Mariner (did not remain in Virginia) |
Christopher Newport | Captain and Councillor (ex officio) | Sea Venture | Mariner (did not remain in Virginia) | |
Henry Paine ✝️ | Sea Venture | Executed (by gunshot) for refusing to report for watch patrol in Bermuda[55] | ||
Francis Pearepoint | Sea Venture | |||
Elizabeth Persons | Maidservant to Mistress Horton | Sea Venture | Would marry Thomas Powell on Bermuda, aged 30 | |
William Peirce[note 4] | Soldier | Pierce, W. or Pearse | Sea Venture | |
Joane Peirce (I) | Wife of William Peirce, mother of two Janes (II and III)[70] | Pierce, Jone | Blessinge | |
Joane Peirce (II) | girl | Jane Pierce | Blessinge[note 5] | |
Jane Peirce (III) | girl | Joan | Blessinge [72] | |
Michael Philes ✝️ | Captain | Pinnace (ship's boat) in tow by Sea Venture[73] | Died at sea during the tropical storm, c. July 1609 | |
Robert Pitt[58] | Shipmaster | Arthur Pett[52] | Unitie | Could be purported member of the Pitt family, or a Robert Fitt who was active in 1625[42] |
Thomas Powell | Cook | Sea Venture | George Somers' cook. Married Elizabeth Persons in Bermuda | |
John Graye Proctor | Gentleman, Yeoman[74] | Sea Venture | ||
John Ratcliffe | Councillor | Diamond | Original settler. Died c. 1609-1610 (tortured by natives) after arriving in Virginia | |
Henry Ravens ✝️ | Master's mate | Raven, H. | Sea Venture → pinnace (ship's boat) | Lost at sea (or killed by Native Americans) after sailing a pinnace for help after shipwreck on Bermuda, c. 1609[55] |
Humfrey Reede | Sea Venture | |||
Robert Rich | Soldier | Sea Venture | Author of "verse pamphlet", "Newes from Virginia: the lost flocke triumphant". Died in 1630 after returning to Bermuda. | |
Bermuda Rolfe ✝️ | baby girl | -- | John Rolfe and Sarah Hacker Rolfe's daughter. Born on Bermuda islands, died on islands c. 1610 | |
John Rolfe | tobacco trader | Sea Venture | ||
Sarah Hacker Rolfe ✝️ | Wife of John Rolfe | Sea Venture | Either died in Bermuda or soon after reaching Virginia (c. spring 1610) | |
Edward Samuell ✝️ | Samuel, E. | Sea Venture | Murdered by shipmate Edward Waters | |
Samuel Sharpe | Lieutenant (soldier) | Sea Venture | ||
William Sharpe | Sergeant (soldier) | Sgt Sharp | Sea Venture | |
Henry Shelly | Mr. Shelly | Sea Venture | ||
George Somers | Admiral of the Fleet, Councillor (ex officio) | Sea Venture → Patience | Died upon return to Bermuda, November 1610 | |
Matthew Somers | Captain | Mathew Somers | Swallow | Nephew of George Somers. Sailed to Bermuda and then back to England at some point in 1610. |
Henry Spelman of Jamestown | teenaged boy, writer | Unitie[75] | ||
William Strachey | Secretary-elect, writer | Sea Venture | Author of True Reportory and other works | |
James Swift | Sea Venture | |||
Robert Walsingham | Cockswain | Sea Venture → Patience | Bermuda's Walsingham Bay and region namesakes are due to Robert. Walsingham piloted (and saved) the Patience during launch from Castle Harbour reefs.[76] | |
James Want | John Want | Sea Venture | Refused to build boats to be rescued or to leave Bermuda[55] | |
Edward Waters | Lieutenant (soldier) | Robert Waters[60] | Sea Venture | Murdered shipmate Edward Samuell.[55]Taken into custody, then to a tree and left to starve, but escaped by cutting the ropes. Remained in Bermuda afterward, settled Smith's Island.[56] |
George Webb | Captain, sergeant-major | Lion | ||
Thomas Whittingham ✝️ | Cape merchant (treasurer)[77] | Sea Venture → pinnace (ship's boat) | Lost at sea (or killed by Native Americans) after sailing a pinnace (with Henry Ravens) for help after marooning on Bermuda, 1609[77] | |
Thomas Wood[78] | Captain | Unitie | ||
George Yeardley | Captain of the guard for Thomas Gates | Sea Venture |
Survivors from Bermuda (137-142 passengers and crew)[79] salvaged the Sea Venture, and built two ships: Deliverance and Patience.[62] The ships made it to Jamestown on May 23rd to find only 60 starving colonists, and chose to abandon the colony.
Patience and Deliverance (castaways from Bermuda and Sea Venture)
At the same time, Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr and Samuel Argall (after hearing of John Smith's adventures), led a humanitarian mission from England with 150 men (including a doctor, some Frenchmen, a Swiss miner[80]) and supplies.[81] Aboard the Hercules (of Rye), Blessinge (of Plymouth, England), and De La Warr[note 6] ships, they intercepted the weary colonists in Chesapeake Bay departing Virginia and compelled them to return to Jamestown with the new provisions and passengers.[47][82]
The Hercules (of Rye), which had left in July, 1610, returned to Virginia on April, 1611, with 30 immigrants (captained by Robert Adams).[91]
The Noah brought ancient planter Henry Coltman in August, 1610.[92] In c. September 1610, the Dainty arrived with "twelve men, one woman, three horses, and provisions..."[88] Captained by Nathaniel West, the Mary Ann brought over widow Mistress Francis West.[93] The Mary and Thomas[note 7] brought over William Tucker.[95]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2024) |
Both Thomas Dale and Thomas Gates led flotillas back to Virginia. Thomas Dale headed to the colony with 300 labourers, at the request of the London Company. The Starr, the Elizabeth, and Prosperous (with Vice Admiral Christopher Newport) also carried horses, poultry, goats, and rabbits.[96][97] Thomas Gates had ships Sarah,[98] Tryall [sic][note 8], Swan[note 9] which arrived just after the Dale flotilla. Those who died before arriving in Virginia are indicated with a Latin cross (✝️)
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.