List of European countries by population

This list of European countries by population comprises the 51 countries and 5 territories and dependencies in Europe, broadly defined, including Cyprus, Kazakhstan, Turkey, and the countries of the Caucasus.

European countries by population in 2025

  More than 100 million

  Between 30 and 100 million

  Between 10 and 30 million

  Between 3 and 10 million

  Between 1 and 3 million

  Between 0.3 and 1 million

  Less than 0.3 million

The most populous European country is Russia, with a population of over 144 million. Turkey, with a population of about 85 million, has most of its population living within its Asian part; though within its territory in Europe, some one-tenth of its population is situated.^[1] Excluding Turkey, Germany is the second-most populous country on the continent, with a population of about 84 million.

Table

The ranking here is according to the national figures, which may be estimates or somewhat out of date so the ranking of countries that are very close in population is approximate. The United Nations estimates are those published in the UN's World Population Prospects,^[2] which are based on censuses, population registers, surveys, and other statistics.^[3] This list also includes the partially recognized country of Kosovo.

  European Union member states

	Location	UN estimate (2025)	% change	Official figure	Official date
	Europe	744,398,832	0%
1 T	Russia	143,997,393	−0.6%	146,150,789	1 Jan 2024[4]	[a]
2 T	Turkey	87,685,426	0.2%	85,372,377	31 Dec 2023[5]
3	Germany	84,075,074	−0.6%	83,510,950	30 Jun 2024[6]
4 T	United Kingdom	69,551,332	0.6%	68,265,209	30 Jun 2023[7]	[b]
5 T	France	66,650,804	0.2%	68,513,000	1 Sep 2024[8]	[c]
6 T	Italy	59,146,260	−0.3%	58,974,433	31 Jul 2024[9]
7 T	Spain	47,889,958	0%	49,153,849	13 Feb 2025[10]
8	Ukraine	38,980,376	3.0%	40,960,795	1 Feb 2022[11]	[d]
9	Poland	38,140,910	−1.0%	37,552,000	31 Jul 2024[12]
10 T	Kazakhstan	20,843,754	1.2%	20,201,849	1 Sep 2024[13]
11	Romania	18,908,650	−0.6%	19,064,409	1 Jan 2024[14]
12 T	Netherlands	18,346,819	0.6%	18,005,142	31 Aug 2024[15]
13	Belgium	11,758,603	0.2%	11,763,650	1 Jan 2024[16]
14	Sweden	10,656,633	0.5%	10,576,145	31 Aug 2024[17]
15	Czech Republic	10,609,240	−1.2%	10,879,069	30 Jun 2024[18]
16 T	Portugal	10,411,834	−0.1%	10,639,726	1 Jan 2024[19]
17 T	Azerbaijan	10,397,713	0.6%	10,180,800	1 Jan 2024[20]
18 T	Greece	9,938,844	−1.1%	10,248,505	10 Oct 2024[21]
19	Hungary	9,632,287	−0.5%	9,584,627	1 Jan 2024[22]
20	Austria	9,113,574	−0.1%	9,154,514	1 Oct 2023[23]
21	Belarus	8,997,603	−0.7%	9,155,978	1 Jan 2024[24]
22	Switzerland	8,967,408	0.5%	8,931,306	30 Sep 2023[25]
23	Bulgaria	6,714,560	−0.6%	6,447,710	31 Dec 2022[26]
24	Serbia	6,689,039	−0.7%	6,641,197	1 Jan 2023[27]	[e]
25 T	Denmark	6,002,507	0.4%	5,959,464	1 Oct 2023[28]
26	Finland	5,623,330	0.1%	5,599,869	31 Oct 2023[29]
27 T	Norway	5,623,071	0.8%	5,571,634	21 Aug 2024[30]
28	Slovakia	5,474,881	−0.6%	5,426,248	1 Apr 2023[31]
29	Ireland	5,308,039	1.0%	5,149,139	3 Apr 2022[32]
30	Croatia	3,848,160	−0.7%	3,879,074	31 Dec 2021[33]
31 T	Georgia	3,806,671	0%	3,688,600	1 Jan 2022[34]	[f]
32	Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,140,096	−0.8%	3,219,415	15 Jun 2020[35]
33	Moldova	2,996,106	−1.3%	2,423,300	1 Jan 2024[36]
34 C	Armenia	2,952,364	−0.7%	3,075,800	1 Jan 2024[37]
35	Lithuania	2,830,144	−1.0%	2,889,888	1 Jan 2025[38]
36	Albania	2,771,508	−0.7%	2,793,592	1 Jan 2022[39]
37	Slovenia	2,117,072	−0.1%	2,107,180	1 Jan 2022[40]
38	Latvia	1,853,559	−1.0%	1,862,700	1 May 2024[41]
39	North Macedonia	1,813,791	−0.5%	1,836,713	15 Dec 2024[42]
40	Kosovo	1,674,125	−0.6%	1,602,515	Apr 2024[43]
41 C	Cyprus	1,370,754	0.9%	966,400	31 Dec 2023[44]	[g]
42	Estonia	1,344,232	−1.2%	1,369,285	1 Jan 2025[45]
43	Luxembourg	680,454	1.1%	645,397	1 Jan 2024[46]
44	Montenegro	632,729	−0.9%	617,683	1 Jan 2022[47]
45	Malta	545,405	1.1%	520,971	31 Dec 2021[48]
46	Iceland	398,266	1.2%	396,960	30 Sep 2023[49]
	Jersey (UK)	103,988	0.1%	103,267	21 Mar 2021[50]
	Isle of Man (UK)	84,118	0%	84,069	24 Apr 2021[51]
47	Andorra	82,904	1.2%	80,120	1 May 2022[52]
	Guernsey (UK)	64,476	0.3%	67,642	1 Jul 2023[53]	[h]
	Faroe Islands (Denmark)	56,002	1.1%	54,081	1 Sep 2022[57]
48	Liechtenstein	40,128	0.6%	40,900	31 Dec 2024[58]
	Gibraltar (UK)	40,126	2.0%	34,003	26 Jun 2022[59]
49	Monaco	38,341	−0.8%	39,150	31 Dec 2021[60]
50	San Marino	33,572	0%	33,785	30 Sep 2022[61]
51	Vatican City	-	-	764	26 Jun 2023[62]	[i]

See also

• Area and population of European countries
• List of European countries by area
• List of European countries by life expectancy
• List of European countries by population growth rate
• List of European Union member states by population
• List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe
• List of urban areas of the European Union

Notes

1. Including the disputed territories of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol.
2. Including the constituent countries of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Excluding the 14 Overseas Territories and 3 Crown Dependencies. Gibraltar, Jersey, the Isle of Man, and Guernsey shown separately below.
3. Population of the 18 regions of France including overseas regions. Excluding Overseas Territories and Collectivities: French Polynesia, New Caledonia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Clipperton Island, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin, Saint Pierre and Miquelon and Wallis and Futuna.
4. Excluding the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and City of Sevastopol, Ukraine's administrative areas on the Crimean Peninsula which are disputed with and de facto administered by Russia. However includes the entire population of territory in the Donbas region where there are ongoing insurgencies by separatist forces, and does not include any changes due to the Russian invasion in 2022.
5. Excludes Kosovo.
6. Excludes Abkhazia (242,862, census 2011) and South Ossetia (53,559, census 2015).
7. National data only includes the Government controlled area of Cyprus
8. The Bailiwick of Guernsey comprises Guernsey proper (64,037),^[54] Alderney (2,141)^[55] and Sark (562).^[56] The UN estimate of 63,544 may exclude the smaller islands.
9. UN estimate not available. Official figure notes 764 residents regardless of citizenship, 618 citizens regardless of residence, 246 resident citizens.^[62]